-at
Catalan
Etymology
From Latin -atus.
Suffix
-at
- forms the masculine singular past participle of verbs whose infinitives end in -ar
- parlar (“to speak”) + -at → parlat (“spoken”)
- forms adjectives, from nouns, meaning “which contains the suffixed noun”
- piga (“freckle”) + -at → pigat (“freckled”)
- forms nouns, from the names of types of professionals, meaning the position of being that type of professional; -dom
- almirall (“admiral”) + -at → almirallat (“admiralty”)
Derived terms
Further reading
- “-at”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2023
- “-at” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
Czech
Suffix
-at
- A common ending for many infinitive verbs.
Derived terms
Further reading
- -at in Slovník afixů užívaných v češtině, 2017
French
Etymology
Borrowed from Latin -ātum, whence also English -ate, and the inherited French doublet -é.[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /a/
Suffix
-at m (plural -ats)
- denotes an action or a result of an action
- assassiner (“to assassinate”) + -at → assassinat (“assassination”)
Derived terms
References
- é-; in: Jacqueline Picoche, Jean-Claude Rolland, Dictionnaire étymologique du français, Paris 2009, Dictionnaires Le Robert
German
Etymology
Borrowed from Latin -ātum, whence also English -ate.
Pronunciation
Audio (file)
Suffix
-at
- -ate
Derived terms
Descendants
- → Russian: -ат (-at)
- → Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: -ат
- Latin: -at
- → Ukrainian: -ат (-at)
Hungarian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ɒt]
- Rhymes: -ɒt
Etymology 1
-a- + -t (causative suffix)
Suffix
-at
- (causative suffix) Added to a back-vowel verb (or extremely rarely to a noun) to form a verb with a meaning of let or make somebody do something.
- zár (“to close”) → zárat (“to make someone close something”)
Usage notes
- (causative suffix) Variants:
- -at is added to back-vowel words ending in a consonant + t and most monosyllabic words
- vár (“to wait”) → várat (“to have someone wait”)
- -et is added to front-vowel words ending in a consonant + t and most monosyllabic words
- kér (“to ask for”) → kéret (“to have someone ask(ed) for; to summon someone [by ordering a servant to fetch him/her]”)
- -tat is added to back-vowel words ending in a vowel + t
- tisztít (“to clean”) → tisztíttat (“to have someone clean or to have something cleaned”)
- -tet is added to front-vowel words ending in a vowel + t
- keres (“to look for”) → kerestet (“to have someone look(ed) for”)
- -at is added to back-vowel words ending in a consonant + t and most monosyllabic words
Derived terms
Etymology 2
-a- + -t (noun-forming suffix)
Suffix
-at
- (noun-forming suffix) Added to a verb to form a noun, expressing the result of the action or sometimes a more abstract relation (compare -ás/-és).
- Synonym: -mány/-mény
Usage notes
- Variants:
- -at is added to back-vowel verbs
- gondol (“to think”) → gondolat (“a thought, an idea”)
- mond (“to say”) → mondat (“sentence”)
- -et is added to front-vowel verbs
- dicsér (“to praise”) → dicséret (“praise, commendation”)
- él (“to live”) → élet (“life”)
- ítél (“to judge”) → ítélet (“judgment”)
- mér (“to measure”) → méret (“measurement, size”)
- -at is added to back-vowel verbs
Derived terms
Etymology 3
Pronominal adverbs from case suffixes (cf. postpositions) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ed | suffix | who? | what? | this | that | he/she (it)* | ||
case | v. pr. | c. | ||||||
nom. | – | ki | mi | ez | az | ő* / -∅ az / -∅ | – | – |
acc. | -t/ -ot/ -at / -et / -öt | kit | mit | ezt | azt | őt* / -∅ azt / -∅ | – | c1 c2 |
dat. | -nak/ -nek | kinek | minek | ennek | annak | neki | neki- | c |
ins. | -val/ -vel | kivel | mivel | ezzel/ evvel | azzal/ avval | vele | c | |
c-f. | -ért | kiért | miért | ezért | azért | érte | – | c |
tra. | -vá/ -vé | kivé | mivé | ezzé | azzá | – | – | c |
ter. | -ig | – | meddig | eddig | addig | – | – | c |
e-f. | -ként | (kiként) | (miként) | ekként | akként | – | – | c |
e-m. | -ul/ -ül | – | – | – | – | – | – | c |
ine. | -ban/ -ben | kiben | miben | ebben | abban | benne | – | c |
sup. | -n/-on/-en/-ön | kin | min | ezen | azon | rajta | (rajta-) | c |
ade. | -nál/ -nél | kinél | minél | ennél | annál | nála | – | c |
ill. | -ba/ -be | kibe | mibe | ebbe | abba | bele | bele- | c |
sub. | -ra/ -re | kire | mire | erre | arra | rá | rá- | c |
all. | -hoz/-hez/-höz | kihez | mihez | ehhez | ahhoz | hozzá | hozzá- | c |
el. | -ból/ -ből | kiből | miből | ebből | abból | belőle | – | c |
del. | -ról/ -ről | kiről | miről | erről | arról | róla | – | c |
abl. | -tól/ -től | kitől | mitől | ettől | attól | tőle | – | c |
*: Ő and őt refer to human beings; the forms below them might be construed likewise. – Forms in parentheses are uncommon. All » |
-a- + -t (accusative suffix)
Suffix
-at
- (accusative suffix) Used to form the accusative case for a certain group of back-vowel nouns and numerals, back-vowel past participles, most back-vowel adjectives, and all back-vowel forms following any other inflectional suffix(es).
- ház (“house”) → Vettem egy házat. – I bought a house.
- okos (“smart, clever”) → okosat (“smart, clever [acc.]”)
- hány? (“how many”) → hányat? (“how many [acc.]”)
- három (“three”) → hármat (“three [acc.]”)
- ablakok (“windows”) → ablakokat (“windows [acc.]”)
- asztalom (“my desk/table”) → asztalomat (“my desk/table [acc.]”)
- nagyobb (“bigger”) → nagyobbat (“a/the bigger one [acc.]”)
- nyitott (“opened”) → nyitottat (“the opened one [acc.]”)
Usage notes
- (accusative suffix): It can be added to nouns, adjectives, numerals and pronouns. Whether a suffix-initial vowel (linking vowel) will be used is hard to predict and thus needs to be learned with each word. A rule of thumb, however, is that older and shorter words tend to incorporate a vowel, rather than simply use -t. Variants:
- -t is added to words ending in a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-. Final -e changes to -é-. Final -o in foreign words changes to -ó-.
- -ot is added to most back-vowel words ending in a consonant
- -at is added to some back-vowel words ending in a consonant
- -et is added to unrounded (and some rounded) front-vowel words ending in a consonant
- -öt is added to most rounded front-vowel words ending in a consonant
- -∅ (zero form), optionally, after possessive suffixes, especially in the singular but sometimes also in the plural (and not infrequently after multiple-possession forms as well), except for the third-person singular (“his/her/its”, -ja/-je) as its omission would not reduce the number of syllables.
- Elviszem a kabátom(at/∅), kabátod(at/∅); kabátunk(at/∅), kabátotok(at/∅), kabátjuk(at/∅); kabátjaim(at/∅) etc.
- I’ll take my coat, your coat; our coat, [plural] your coat, their coat; my coats etc.
- It is also omitted usually from the accusative forms of first- and second-person singular personal pronouns (engem, téged (“me, you”)).
Case | Back vowel a, á, o, ó, u, ú | Front vowel | |
---|---|---|---|
unrounded e, é, i, í | rounded ö, ő, ü, ű | ||
nominative | — | ||
accusative | -t | ||
-ot / -at | -et | -öt | |
dative | -nak | -nek | |
instrumental | -val | -vel | |
causal-final | -ért | ||
translative | -vá | -vé | |
terminative | -ig | ||
essive-formal | -ként | ||
essive-modal | -ul | -ül | |
inessive | -ban | -ben | |
superessive | -n | ||
-on | -en | -ön | |
adessive | -nál | -nél | |
illative | -ba | -be | |
sublative | -ra | -re | |
allative | -hoz | -hez | -höz |
elative | -ból | -ből | |
delative | -ról | -ről | |
ablative | -tól | -től | |
Note for all endings: Stem-final -a/-e changes to -á-/-é-, respectively, except -ként. alma — almában, but almaként zene ― zenében, but zeneként |
Etymology 4
From -atik (passive-forming suffix), removing the ending.
Suffix
-at
- combining form of -atik (passive-forming suffix) before all inflectional and derivational suffixes, except the dictionary form itself, the indefinite third-person singular present indicative
- elnyomatik (“to be suppressed”) → elnyomatás (“suppression”, being suppressed).
Usage notes
(combining forms of the passive-forming suffix) Variants: -at-, -et-, -tat-, -tet- (from -atik, -etik, -tatik, -tetik), as well as the tautological (doubly suffixed) forms -attat-, -ettet- (from -attatik, -ettetik). See more in the template of the full forms of this suffix.
See also
- Appendix:Hungarian suffixes
Latin
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /at/, [ät̪]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /at/, [ät̪]
Suffix
-at
- third-person singular present active indicative of -ō (first conjugation)
Descendants
- Old Portuguese: -a
- Galician: -a
- Portuguese: -a
- Spanish: -a
Maltese
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /aːt/
Suffix
-at
- Alternative form of -iet (noun plural suffix)
Usage notes
- Regularly used after għ. Otherwise only in exceptional forms, though somewhat commonly after ħ and q.
Northern Sami
Etymology 1
From Proto-Samic *-ëŋkë.
Suffix
-at
- Forms adjectives indicating something that is possessed as a characteristic.
- guhkes juolgi (“long leg”) + -at → guhkesjuolggat (“long-legged”)
Usage notes
- This suffix triggers the weak grade on a preceding stressed syllable.
Inflection
Odd, no gradation | ||
---|---|---|
Attributive | -at | |
Nominative | -at | |
Genitive | -aga | |
Attributive | -at | |
Singular | Plural | |
Nominative | -at | -agat |
Accusative | -aga | -agiid |
Genitive | -aga | -agiid |
Illative | -agii | -agiidda |
Locative | -agis | -agiin |
Comitative | -agiin | -agiiguin |
Essive | -agin |
Derived terms
Etymology 2
From Proto-Samic *-ëtē, from Proto-Uralic *-eta. Related to Finnish -ea/-eä.
Suffix
-at
- Forms adjectives from stems, without any particular meaning. Often, the more basic stem is an adverb, the adjective's own attributive form, or has fallen out of use altogether.
Usage notes
- This suffix triggers the strong grade on a preceding stressed syllable.
Inflection
Odd, no gradation | ||
---|---|---|
Attributive | — | |
Nominative | -at | |
Genitive | -ada | |
Attributive | — | |
Singular | Plural | |
Nominative | -at | -adat |
Accusative | -ada | -adiid |
Genitive | -ada | -adiid |
Illative | -adii | -adiidda |
Locative | -adis | -adiin |
Comitative | -adiin | -adiiguin |
Essive | -adin |
Derived terms
Suffix
-at
- Form of the suffix -a used with odd-syllable stems.
Inflection
Even a-stem, hk-g gradation | ||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | -at | |||||||||||||||||||||
Genitive | -aga | |||||||||||||||||||||
Singular | Plural | |||||||||||||||||||||
Nominative | -at | -agat | ||||||||||||||||||||
Accusative | -aga | -agaid | ||||||||||||||||||||
Genitive | -aga | -agaid | ||||||||||||||||||||
Illative | -ahkii | -agaide | ||||||||||||||||||||
Locative | -agas | -again | ||||||||||||||||||||
Comitative | -again | -agaiguin | ||||||||||||||||||||
Essive | -ahkan | |||||||||||||||||||||
|
Norwegian Bokmål
Etymology
From Latin -ātus.
Suffix
-at n
- used to form nouns
Derived terms
References
- “-at” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
- “-at” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).
Norwegian Nynorsk
Etymology
From Latin -atus.
Suffix
-at n
- used to form nouns
Derived terms
References
- “-at” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Old Norse
Alternative forms
- -a
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Suffix
-at
- indicates negation; does not
Derived terms
References
- at in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, G. T. Zoëga, Clarendon Press, 1910, at Internet Archive.
Phalura
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /-at/
Suffix
-at
- Second person plural suffix
Alternative forms
- -íit (With e-ending verb stems)
- -óot (With a-ending verb stems)
- -et (Biori)
- -éet (With e-ending verb stems in Biori)
- -áat (With a-ending verb stems in Biori)
References
- Liljegren, Henrik; Haider, Naseem (2011) Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7), Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN
Polish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /at/
- Rhymes: -at
- Syllabification: at
Suffix
-at m
- Forms masculine nouns; -ate, -age
- anonim + -at → anonimat
Declension
Inanimate declension:
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | -at | -aty |
genitive | -atu | -atów |
dative | -atowi | -atom |
accusative | -at | -aty |
instrumental | -atem | -atami |
locative | -acie | -atach |
vocative | -acie | -aty |
Animate declension:
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | -at | -aci |
genitive | -ata | -atów |
dative | -atowi | -atom |
accusative | -ata | -atów |
instrumental | -atem | -atami |
locative | -acie | -atach |
vocative | -acie | -aci |
Derived terms
Further reading
- -at in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- -at in Polish dictionaries at PWN
Romanian
Etymology
From Latin -ātus, from Proto-Italic *-ātos.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /at/
Suffix
-at m or n (feminine singular -ată, masculine plural -ați, feminine and neuter plural -ate)
- Used with a stem to form the masculine singular past participle of regular -a (first conjugation) verbs.
- arunca (“to throw”) + -at → aruncat (“thrown”)
- cânta (“to sing”) + -at → cântat (“sung”)
Declension
singular | plural | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | neuter | feminine | masculine | neuter | feminine | ||
nominative/ accusative | indefinite | -at | -ată | -ați | -ate | ||
definite | -atul | -ata | -ații | -atele | |||
genitive/ dative | indefinite | -at | -ate | -ați | -ate | ||
definite | -atului | -atei | -aților | -atelor |
Derived terms
Related terms
- -it
Serbo-Croatian
Etymology
From German -at, first from direct loanwords, and later becoming productive on its own.
Suffix
-at (Cyrillic spelling -ат)
- Used on nominal and verbal stems of loanwords, rarely of native words, to build nouns of various meanings.
- Denoting a person.
- adrèsa → adrèsāt
- ȗnija → unìjat
- Ȃzija → Azìjat
- Mìja → Mìjat
- delegácija → delègāt
- kandidírati → kandìdāt
- Denoting a room, building or field.
- dèkān → dekànāt
- ekònom → ekonòmāt
- kàlīf → kalìfāt
- konzul → konzùlāt
- màršāl → maršalat
- pròtektor → protektòrāt
- rȅktor → rektòrāt
- Denoting an honor or service.
- dȍktor → doktòrāt
- đȁkon → đakònāt
- lȅktor → lektòrāt
- pàtrōn → patrònāt
- nàdbiskup → nadbiskùpāt
- Denoting collectivity.
- èpiskop → episkòpāt
- làik → laìkāt
- pàtrīcīj → patricìjāt
- Denoting things.
- bikarbóna → bikarbònāt
- jod → jòdāt
- separirati → sepàrāt
- Denoting abstract notions.
- citírati → cìtāt
- diktírati → dìktāt
- hìstōrija → historìjāt
- Denoting a person.
Derived terms
References
- Stjepan Babić (2002), Tvorba riječi u hrvatskome književnome jeziku, 3rd revised edition, HAZU: Zagreb, page 358
Volapük
Suffix
-at
- Used to indicate an amount