stuppo

stuppo

Latin

Alternative forms

• stupō

Etymology

Borrowed from Frankish *stoppōn (“to stop, plug, insert”). Alternatively from or a confluence with Latin stuppa (“coarse flax, tow”) +‎ -ō (“denominative suffix”).[1]

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈstup.poː/, [ˈs̠t̪ʊpːoː]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈstup.po/, [ˈst̪upːo]

Verb

stuppō (present infinitive stuppāre, perfect active stuppāvī, supine stuppātum); first conjugation[1][2]

1. (Medieval Latin) I stop up, block, plug

Conjugation

Conjugation of stuppō (first conjugation)
indicative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	stuppō	stuppās	stuppat	stuppāmus	stuppātis	stuppant
	imperfect	stuppābam	stuppābās	stuppābat	stuppābāmus	stuppābātis	stuppābant
	future	stuppābō	stuppābis	stuppābit	stuppābimus	stuppābitis	stuppābunt
	perfect	stuppāvī	stuppāvistī	stuppāvit	stuppāvimus	stuppāvistis	stuppāvērunt, stuppāvēre
	pluperfect	stuppāveram	stuppāverās	stuppāverat	stuppāverāmus	stuppāverātis	stuppāverant
	future perfect	stuppāverō	stuppāveris	stuppāverit	stuppāverimus	stuppāveritis	stuppāverint
passive	present	stuppor	stuppāris, stuppāre	stuppātur	stuppāmur	stuppāminī	stuppantur
	imperfect	stuppābar	stuppābāris, stuppābāre	stuppābātur	stuppābāmur	stuppābāminī	stuppābantur
	future	stuppābor	stuppāberis, stuppābere	stuppābitur	stuppābimur	stuppābiminī	stuppābuntur
	perfect	stuppātus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	stuppātus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	stuppātus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	stuppem	stuppēs	stuppet	stuppēmus	stuppētis	stuppent
	imperfect	stuppārem	stuppārēs	stuppāret	stuppārēmus	stuppārētis	stuppārent
	perfect	stuppāverim	stuppāverīs	stuppāverit	stuppāverīmus	stuppāverītis	stuppāverint
	pluperfect	stuppāvissem	stuppāvissēs	stuppāvisset	stuppāvissēmus	stuppāvissētis	stuppāvissent
passive	present	stupper	stuppēris, stuppēre	stuppētur	stuppēmur	stuppēminī	stuppentur
	imperfect	stuppārer	stuppārēris, stuppārēre	stuppārētur	stuppārēmur	stuppārēminī	stuppārentur
	perfect	stuppātus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	stuppātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	stuppā	—	—	stuppāte	—
	future	—	stuppātō	stuppātō	—	stuppātōte	stuppantō
passive	present	—	stuppāre	—	—	stuppāminī	—
	future	—	stuppātor	stuppātor	—	—	stuppantor
non-finite forms		active			passive
		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		stuppāre	stuppāvisse	stuppātūrum esse	stuppārī	stuppātum esse	stuppātum īrī
participles		stuppāns	—	stuppātūrus	—	stuppātus	stuppandus
verbal nouns		gerund				supine
		genitive	dative	accusative	ablative	accusative	ablative
		stuppandī	stuppandō	stuppandum	stuppandō	stuppātum	stuppātū

Descendants

• Eastern Romance: (< adstuppō?)
  • Aromanian: astup, astupu
  • Romanian: astupa
• Old French: estoper, estuper, estouper, estopper
  • Middle French: estouper, estoupper, estoper
    • French: étouper
  • ⇒ Old French: estopaille, estoupaille, estoupaile
    • Middle French: estoupail, estouppal
      • French: étoupail (dialectal)
    • → Middle English: stoupaille, stoppaile
      • English: estoppel
  • → Middle English: estoppen
    • English: estop
• Italo-Dalmatian:
  • Italian: stoppare
  • Sicilian: stuppari, attuppari, ntuppari (< adstuppō?)
• Old Occitan: estopar
  • Catalan: estopar
  • Occitan: estopar
• Old Spanish: estopar
• Rhaeto-Romance:
  • Romansch: stuppar
• Venetian: stupar
• → Albanian: shtupoj

References

1. Niermeyer, Jan Frederik (1976), “stuppare”, in Mediae Latinitatis Lexicon Minus, Leiden, Boston: E. J. Brill, page 995
2. Blaise, Albert (1975), “stupo (stuppo)”, in Dictionnaire latin-français des auteurs du moyen-âge: lexicon latinitatis medii aevi (Corpus christianorum) (in Latin, French), Turnhout: Brepols, page 871