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单词 straffen
释义

straffen

Danish

Noun

straffen

  1. definite singular of straf

Dutch

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈstrɑfə(n)/
  • (file)
  • Hyphenation: straf‧fen
  • Rhymes: -ɑfən

Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch straffen, probably from Middle High German strāfen, which may go back to Proto-Germanic *strēpōną. The short vowel and geminate in Dutch in contrast to the Middle High German long vowel is peculiar. Note however that forms with a long vowel do occur in dialectal Dutch.

Verb

straffen

  1. (transitive) to punish
  2. (transitive) to sentence
Inflection
Inflection of straffen (weak)
infinitivestraffen
past singularstrafte
past participlegestraft
infinitivestraffen
gerundstraffen n
present tensepast tense
1st person singularstrafstrafte
2nd person sing. (jij)straftstrafte
2nd person sing. (u)straftstrafte
2nd person sing. (gij)straftstrafte
3rd person singularstraftstrafte
pluralstraffenstraften
subjunctive sing.1straffestrafte
subjunctive plur.1straffenstraften
imperative sing.straf
imperative plur.1straft
participlesstraffendgestraft
1) Archaic.
Derived terms
  • afstraffen
  • bestraffen
  • straf
Descendants
  • Afrikaans: straf
  • Berbice Creole Dutch: strafu
  • Negerhollands: straaf
  • Aukan: sitaafu
  • Papiamentu: straf

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

straffen

  1. plural of straf

German

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈʃtʁafn̩/
  • (file)
  • (file)
  • Rhymes: -afn̩
  • Hyphenation: straf‧fen

Etymology 1

From straff (tight, taut).

Verb

straffen (weak, third-person singular present strafft, past tense straffte, past participle gestrafft, auxiliary haben)

  1. (transitive) to tighten, tauten
Conjugation
Derived terms
  • Straffen
  • Straffung

Adjective

straffen

  1. inflection of straff:
    1. strong genitive masculine/neuter singular
    2. weak/mixed genitive/dative all-gender singular
    3. strong/weak/mixed accusative masculine singular
    4. strong dative plural
    5. weak/mixed all-case plural

Further reading

  • straffen” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
  • straffen” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon
  • straffen” in Duden online
  • straffen” in OpenThesaurus.de

Middle Dutch

Etymology

Probably from Middle High German strāfen, which may go back to Proto-Germanic *strēpōną. The short vowel and geminate in Dutch in contrast to the Middle High German long vowel is peculiar.

Verb

straffen

  1. to scold, to reprimand
  2. to refute
  3. to punish

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Alternative forms

  • strâfen

Descendants

  • Dutch: straffen
  • Limburgish: straofe

Further reading

  • Verwijs, E.; Verdam, J. (1885–1929), straffen”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN

Norwegian Bokmål

Noun

straffen m

  1. definite singular of straff

Swedish

Noun

straffen

  1. definite singular of straff. (penalty kick or penalty shot)
  2. definite plural of straff (punishment or sentence)
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