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单词 straff
释义

straff

German

Etymology

From late Middle High German straf, further origin uncertain. However, a semantic connection Proto-Indo-European *(s)ter(h₁)- (to be stiff; be rigid; exert) has been proposed.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ʃtʁaf/
  • (file)
  • Hyphenation: straff

Adjective

straff (strong nominative masculine singular straffer, comparative straffer, superlative am straffsten)

  1. (also figuratively) tight, firm, of an object that could also be slack
    ein straffes Programma tight schedule
    • c. 1914, Franz Kafka, Der Prozess [The Trial], Berlin: Die Schmiede, published 1925:
      Er wandte ihm sein Gesicht zu, dessen viele straffe Falten nicht Alter, sondern Kraft zu beweisen schienen, und fing sofort wieder zu suchen an.
      (please add an English translation of this quote)

Declension

Derived terms

  • Straffheit

Further reading

  • straff” in Duden online
  • straff” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache

Icelandic

Etymology

From Middle Low German, cognate with Swedish straff; compare with German Strafe.

Noun

straff n (genitive singular straffs, nominative plural ströff)

  1. (dated) punishment, penalty
  2. the state of being confined to one's home; house arrest, the state of being grounded

Declension

Further reading

  • “straff” in the Dictionary of Modern Icelandic (in Icelandic) and ISLEX (in the Nordic languages)

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology 1

From Middle Low German or German Low German; compare with German Strafe.

Noun

straff m (definite singular straffen, indefinite plural straffer, definite plural straffene)

  1. a punishment
  2. a penalty
Derived terms
  • straffbar
  • straffe

Verb

straff

  1. imperative of straffe

References

  • “straff” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Middle Low German or German Low German; compare with German Strafe.

Noun

straff f (definite singular straffa, indefinite plural straffer, definite plural straffene)

  1. a punishment
  2. a penalty

Derived terms

References

  • “straff” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Swedish

Etymology

From Middle Low German or German Low German; compare with German Strafe.

Pronunciation

  • (file)

Noun

straff n or c

  1. (neuter) a punishment, a penalty
  2. (law, neuter) sentence
  3. (soccer, common) Clipping of straffspark (penalty kick).
  4. (ice hockey, common) penalty shot

Declension

Declension of straff 
SingularPlural
IndefiniteDefiniteIndefiniteDefinite
Nominativestraffstraffetstraffstraffen
Genitivestraffsstraffetsstraffsstraffens
Declension of straff 3, 4
SingularPlural
IndefiniteDefiniteIndefiniteDefinite
Nominativestraffstraffenstraffarstraffarna
Genitivestraffsstraffensstraffarsstraffarnas

Derived terms

  • dödsstraff
  • fängelsestraff
  • straffdom
  • straffknulla
  • straffläggning
  • straffspark
  • straffvärde
  • straffa

Further reading

  • straff in Svensk ordbok.
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