stop
Translingual
Etymology
From English full stop.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /stɒp/, /stɑp/(Can we verify(+) this pronunciation?)
Noun
stop
- (international standards) ITU& IMO phonetic alphabet code for full stop.
English
Pronunciation
- (Received Pronunciation) enPR: stŏp, IPA(key): /stɒp/
- (General American) enPR: stäp, IPA(key): /stɑp/
Audio (General American) (file) Audio (southern England) (file) Audio (Received Pronunciation, "a stop") (file) - Rhymes: -ɒp
Etymology 1
From Middle English stoppen, stoppien, from Old English stoppian (“to stop, close”), from Proto-West Germanic *stoppōn, from Proto-Germanic *stuppōną (“to stop, close”), *stuppijaną (“to push, pierce, prick”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewp-, *(s)tewb- (“to push; stick”), from *(s)tew- (“to bump; impact; butt; push; beat; strike; hit”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian stopje (“to stop, block”), West Frisian stopje (“to stop”), Dutch stoppen (“to stop”), Low German stoppen (“to stop”), German stopfen (“to be filling, stuff”), German stoppen (“to stop”), Danish stoppe (“to stop”), Swedish stoppa (“to stop”), Icelandic stoppa (“to stop”), Middle High German stupfen, stüpfen (“to pierce”). More at stuff, stump.
Alternate etymology derives Proto-West Germanic *stoppōn from an assumed Vulgar Latin *stūpāre, *stuppāre (“to stop up with tow”), from stūpa, stīpa, stuppa (“tow, flax, oakum”), from Ancient Greek στύπη (stúpē), στύππη (stúppē, “tow, flax, oakum”). This derivation, however, is doubtful, as the earliest instances of the Germanic verb do not carry the meaning of "stuff, stop with tow". Rather, these senses developed later in response to influence from similar sounding words in Latin and Romance.[1]
Verb
stop (third-person singular simple present stops, present participle stopping, simple past and past participle stopped)
- (intransitive) To cease moving.
- I stopped at the traffic lights.
- (intransitive) Not to continue.
- The riots stopped when police moved in.
- Soon the rain will stop.
- 1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter V, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, OCLC 4293071:
- Then everybody once more knelt, and soon the blessing was pronounced. The choir and the clergy trooped out slowly, […] , down the nave to the western door. […] At a seemingly immense distance the surpliced group stopped to say the last prayer.
- (transitive) To cause (something) to cease moving or progressing.
- 2013 June 1, “Ideas coming down the track”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8838, page 13 (Technology Quarterly):
- A “moving platform” scheme […] is more technologically ambitious than maglev trains even though it relies on conventional rails. […] This set-up solves several problems […]. Stopping high-speed trains wastes energy and time, so why not simply slow them down enough for a moving platform to pull alongside?
- The sight of the armed men stopped him in his tracks.
- This guy is a fraudster. I need to stop the cheque I wrote him.
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- (transitive) To cease; to no longer continue (doing something).
- One of the wrestlers suddenly stopped fighting.
- Please stop telling me those terrible jokes.
- (transitive) To cause (something) to come to an end.
- The referees stopped the fight.
- (causative, transitive, chiefly UK) To end someone else's activity.
- 1988, Jeanne Willis, Tony Ross, Dr Xargle's Book of Earthlets:
- When they have finished the milk they must be patted and squeezed to stop them exploding.
-
- (transitive) To close or block an opening.
- He stopped the wound with gauze.
- (transitive, intransitive, photography, often with "up" or "down") To adjust the aperture of a camera lens.
- To achieve maximum depth of field, he stopped down to an f-stop of 22.
- (intransitive) To stay; to spend a short time; to reside or tarry temporarily.
- to stop with a friend
- He stopped for two weeks at the inn.
- He stopped at his friend's house before continuing with his drive.
- 1887, R. D. Blackmore, Springhaven
- by stopping at home till the money was gone
- 1931, E. F. Benson, Mapp & Lucia, chapter 7
- She’s not going away. She’s going to stop here forever.
- (music) To regulate the sounds of (musical strings, etc.) by pressing them against the fingerboard with the finger, or otherwise shortening the vibrating part.
- (obsolete) To punctuate.
- 1828, Walter Savage Landor, “Alfieri and Salomon the Florentine Jew”, in Imaginary Conversations of Literary Men and Statesmen, volume III, London: Henry Colburn, […], OCLC 719445219:
- if his sentences were properly stopped
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- (nautical) To make fast; to stopper.
- (phonetics, transitive) To pronounce (a phoneme) as a stop.
- th-stopping
- (finance, transitive) To delay the purchase or sale of (a stock) while agreeing the price for later.
- 1952, Charles Amos Dice, Wilford John Eiteman, The Stock Market (page 144)
- It will be noted that the specialist would have refused to stop the stock for broker X if he (the specialist) had only one order to sell at 85.
- 1952, Charles Amos Dice, Wilford John Eiteman, The Stock Market (page 144)
Usage notes
- This is a catenative verb that takes the gerund -ing to indicate the ending action (stop thinking), or the to infinitive to indicate the purpose of the interruption (stop to think). See Appendix:English catenative verbs for more information.
- When used causatively, the verb can either be followed directly by its dependent clause (for example, to stop them exploding) or take a helper word, usually from, before the clause (to stop them from exploding). The former usage is more common in Britain, and the latter usage more common in America.
Conjugation
infinitive | (to) stop | ||
---|---|---|---|
present tense | past tense | ||
1st-person singular | stop | stopped | |
2nd-person singular | |||
3rd-person singular | stops | ||
plural | stop | ||
subjunctive | stop | stopped | |
imperative | stop | — | |
participles | stopping | stopped |
Synonyms
- (to cease moving): brake, desist, halt; See also Thesaurus:stop
- (not to continue): blin, cease, desist, discontinue, halt, terminate; See also Thesaurus:desist
- (to cause to cease moving): arrest, freeze, halt; See also Thesaurus:immobilize
- (to cause to come to an end): blin, cancel, cease, discontinue, halt, terminate; See also Thesaurus:end
- (to tarry): hang about, hang around, linger, loiter, pause; See also Thesaurus:tarry
- (to reside temporarily): lodge, stop over; See also Thesaurus:sojourn
Antonyms
- (to cease moving): continue, go, move, proceed
- (not to continue): continue, proceed
- (to cause to cease moving): continue, move
- (to cause to come to an end): continue, move
Hyponyms
- forstop
- stop by
- stop cock
- stop down
- stop in
- stop off
- stop out
- stop over
- stop up
- unstop
Derived terms
- double-stop
- face that would stop a clock
- if you find yourself in a hole, the first thing to do is stop digging
- plow-stop
- stop-action
- stop-and-frisk
- stop-and-go
- stop-and-search
- stop and smell the roses
- stop at nothing
- stopblock
- stopclock
- stopcock
- stop dead
- stop, drop and roll
- stop light
- stop list
- stopover
- stoppable
- stopper
- stop short
- stop sign
- stop someone in their tracks
- stop-start
- stop the bleeding
- stop the car
- stop the lights
- stop the presses
- stop thrust
- stopwatch
- stop word
- the buck stops here
Descendants
- → Finnish: stop
- → French: stop
- → Hungarian: stop
- → Irish: stop
- → Italian: stop
- → Latvian: stop
- → Ottoman Turkish: استوپ (istop)
- → Polish: stop
- → Portuguese: stop
- → Russian: стоп (stop)
- → Spanish: stop
- → Welsh: stopio
- → Tok Pisin: stap
Translations
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Noun
stop (plural stops)
- A (usually marked) place where buses, trams or trains halt to let passengers get on and off, usually smaller than a station.
- Related terms: halt, station.
- They agreed to meet at the bus stop.
- An action of stopping; interruption of travel.
- That stop was not planned.
- 1722, Daniel Defoe, Journal of the Plague Year
- It is […] doubtful […] whether it contributed anything to the stop of the infection.
- 1704, I[saac] N[ewton], “(please specify |book=1 to 3)”, in Opticks: Or, A Treatise of the Reflexions, Refractions, Inflexions and Colours of Light. […], London: […] Sam[uel] Smith, and Benj[amin] Walford, printers to the Royal Society, […], OCLC 1118497469:
- Occult qualities put a stop to the improvement of natural philosophy.
- 1693, [John Locke], “§107”, in Some Thoughts Concerning Education, London: […] A[wnsham] and J[ohn] Churchill, […], OCLC 1161614482:
- It is a great step toward the mastery of our desires to give this stop to them.
- That which stops, impedes, or obstructs; an obstacle; an impediment.
- 1595, Samuel Daniel, “(please specify the folio number)”, in The First Fowre Bookes of the Ciuile Wars between the Two Houses of Lancaster and Yorke, London: […] P[eter] Short for Simon Waterson, OCLC 28470143:
- A fatal stop trauerst their headlong course
- a. 1729, John Rogers, The Advantages of conversing with good Men
- So melancholy a prospect should inspire us with zeal to oppose some stop to the rising torrent.
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- A device intended to block the path of a moving object
- door stop
- (engineering) A device, or piece, as a pin, block, pawl, etc., for arresting or limiting motion, or for determining the position to which another part shall be brought.
- (architecture) A member, plain or moulded, formed of a separate piece and fixed to a jamb, against which a door or window shuts.
- (linguistics) A consonant sound in which the passage of air through the mouth is temporarily blocked by the lips, tongue, or glottis.
- Synonyms: plosive, occlusive
- A symbol used for purposes of punctuation and representing a pause or separating clauses, particularly a full stop, comma, colon or semicolon.
- (music) A knob or pin used to regulate the flow of air in an organ.
- The organ is loudest when all the stops are pulled.
- (music) One of the vent-holes in a wind instrument, or the place on the wire of a stringed instrument, by the stopping or pressing of which certain notes are produced.
- (tennis) A very short shot which touches the ground close behind the net and is intended to bounce as little as possible.
- (soccer) A save; preventing the opposition from scoring a goal
- 2021 May 15, Phil McNulty, “Chelsea 0-1 Leicester”, in BBC Sport:
- The Foxes were indebted to two crucial saves from keeper Kasper Schmeichel, who turned former Leicester defender Ben Chilwell's header on to a post then produced an even better stop to turn Mason Mount's powerful shot wide.
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- (zoology) The depression in a dog’s face between the skull and the nasal bones.
- The stop in a bulldog's face is very marked.
- (photography) A part of a photographic system that reduces the amount of light.
- (photography) A unit of exposure corresponding to a doubling of the brightness of an image.
- (photography) An f-stop.
- The diaphragm used in optical instruments to cut off the marginal portions of a beam of light passing through lenses.
- (fencing) A coup d'arret, or stop thrust.
Derived terms
- all-way stop
- a short drop and a sudden stop
- backstop
- boulevard stop
- buffer stop
- bus stop
- Californian stop
- come to a stop
- comfort stop
- doorstop
- double stop
- draft stop
- e-stop
- expression stop
- field stop
- firestop
- flag stop
- f-stop
- full stop
- glottal stop
- ground stop
- hard stop
- hockey stop
- Idaho stop
- limited-stop
- long-stop
- long stop
- mail stop
- mechanical stop
- non-stop, nonstop
- one-stop
- organ stop
- pit stop
- plough stop
- pretextual stop
- pull out all the stops
- put a stop to
- reed stop
- request stop
- rest stop
- rolling stop
- safety stop
- short stop
- skip-stop
- stop and search
- stop bead
- stop codon
- stop-motion
- stop order
- stop plank
- stopstreet
- suction stop
- tab stop
- take out the stops
- technical stop
- Terry stop
- three stops short of Dagenham
- toe stop
- tram stop
- truck stop
- T-stop
- wage stop
- water stop
- whistle-stop
Translations
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References
- The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia, "stop".
Punctuation mark
stop
- Used to indicate the end of a sentence in a telegram.
Translations
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Etymology 2
From Middle English stoppe, from Old English stoppa (“bucket, pail, a stop”), from Proto-Germanic *stuppô (“vat, vessel”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)teub- (“to push, hit; stick, stump”). See stoup.
Noun
stop (plural stops)
- (UK dialectal) A small well-bucket; a milk-pail.
Translations
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Etymology 3
s- + top
Noun
stop (plural stops)
- (physics) The squark that is the superpartner of a top quark.
- 2016, ATLAS Collaboration, “Search for pair production of gluinos decaying via stop and sbottom in events with -jets and large missing transverse momentum in collisions at TeV with the ATLAS detector”, in arXiv:
- For neutralino masses below approximately 700 GeV, gluino masses of less than 1.78 TeV and 1.76 TeV are excluded at the 95% CL in simplified models of the pair production of gluinos decaying via sbottom and stop, respectively.
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Anagrams
- OTPs, POST, POTS, PTOs, Post, Spot, TPOs, opts, post, post-, post., pots, spot, tops
Czech
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈstop]
Etymology 1
From English stop.
Noun
stop m inan
- hitchhiking
- Synonym: autostop
- (sports) suspension
- Za hrubý faul dostal stop na čtyři zápasy. ― He received a four-match suspension for a serious foul.
Related terms
- stopař
- stopovat
Etymology 2
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Noun
stop
- genitive plural of stopa
Verb
stop
- second-person singular imperative of stopit
Further reading
- stop in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
- stop in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989
Danish
Verb
stop
- imperative of stoppe
Dutch
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /stɔp/
Audio (file) - Hyphenation: stop
- Rhymes: -ɔp
Etymology 1
From Middle Dutch stoppe. See the verb stoppen.
Noun
stop m (plural stoppen, diminutive stopje n)
- An action of stopping, cessation.
- A plug for a sink, a stopper.
- An electric fuse.
- Synonyms: smeltstop, zekering
Derived terms
- smeltstop
- stopcontact
- stoppenkast
Etymology 2
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Verb
stop
- first-person singular present indicative of stoppen
- imperative of stoppen
Anagrams
- post
- spot
Finnish
Etymology
From English stop.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈstop/, [ˈs̠t̪o̞p]
- Rhymes: -op
- Syllabification(key): stop
Interjection
stop
- stop (halt)
- stop (end-of-sentence indicator in telegrams)
Synonyms
- (halt): seis
French
Etymology
1792. Borrowed from English stop.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /stɔp/
Audio (file)
Interjection
stop!
- stop!
Noun
stop m (uncountable)
- stop sign
- hitchhiking
Derived terms
- auto-stop
- stop américain
- stop-motion
- stopper
Descendants
- → Moroccan Arabic: سطوب
Further reading
- “stop”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Anagrams
- pots, spot
Hungarian
Etymology
Borrowed from English stop.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈʃtopː], [ˈʃtop]
- Rhymes: -opː, -op
Interjection
stop
- halt! stop!
Punctuation mark
stop
- stop (used to indicate the end of a sentence in a telegram)
Noun
stop (plural stopok)
- (colloquial) stop sign (a red sign on the side of a street instructing vehicles to stop)
- Nem állt meg a stopnál. ― He ran the stop sign.
- (colloquial) hitchhike (an act of hitchhiking, trying to get a ride in a passing vehicle while standing at the side of a road)
Declension
Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | stop | stopok |
accusative | stopot | stopokat |
dative | stopnak | stopoknak |
instrumental | stoppal | stopokkal |
causal-final | stopért | stopokért |
translative | stoppá | stopokká |
terminative | stopig | stopokig |
essive-formal | stopként | stopokként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | stopban | stopokban |
superessive | stopon | stopokon |
adessive | stopnál | stopoknál |
illative | stopba | stopokba |
sublative | stopra | stopokra |
allative | stophoz | stopokhoz |
elative | stopból | stopokból |
delative | stopról | stopokról |
ablative | stoptól | stopoktól |
non-attributive possessive - singular | stopé | stopoké |
non-attributive possessive - plural | stopéi | stopokéi |
Possessive forms of stop | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | stopom | stopjaim |
2nd person sing. | stopod | stopjaid |
3rd person sing. | stopja | stopjai |
1st person plural | stopunk | stopjaink |
2nd person plural | stopotok | stopjaitok |
3rd person plural | stopjuk | stopjaik |
Derived terms
- stopfürdő
- stoptábla
Irish
Etymology
Borrowed from English stop, from Middle English stoppen, from Old English stoppian (“to stop, close”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /sˠt̪ˠɔpˠ/
Verb
stop (present analytic stopann, future analytic stopfaidh, verbal noun stopadh, past participle stoptha)
- to stop
Conjugation
singular | plural | relative | autonomous | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||||
indicative | present | stopaim | stopann tú; stopair† | stopann sé, sí | stopaimid | stopann sibh | stopann siad; stopaid† | a stopann; a stopas | stoptar |
past | stop mé; stopas | stop tú; stopais | stop sé, sí | stopamar; stop muid | stop sibh; stopabhair | stop siad; stopadar | a stop / ar stop* | stopadh | |
past habitual | stopainn | stoptá | stopadh sé, sí | stopaimis; stopadh muid | stopadh sibh | stopaidís; stopadh siad | a stopadh / a stopadh* | stoptaí | |
future | stopfaidh mé; stopfad | stopfaidh tú; stopfair† | stopfaidh sé, sí | stopfaimid; stopfaidh muid | stopfaidh sibh | stopfaidh siad; stopfaid† | a stopfaidh; a stopfas | stopfar | |
conditional | stopfainn | stopfá | stopfadh sé, sí | stopfaimis; stopfadh muid | stopfadh sibh | stopfaidís; stopfadh siad | a stopfadh / a stopfadh* | stopfaí | |
subjunctive | present | go stopa mé; go stopad† | go stopa tú; go stopair† | go stopa sé, sí | go stopaimid; go stopa muid | go stopa sibh | go stopa siad; go stopaid† | — | go stoptar |
past | dá stopainn | dá stoptá | dá stopadh sé, sí | dá stopaimis; dá stopadh muid | dá stopadh sibh | dá stopaidís; dá stopadh siad | — | dá stoptaí | |
imperative | stopaim | stop | stopadh sé, sí | stopaimis | stopaigí; stopaidh† | stopaidís | — | stoptar | |
verbal noun | stopadh | ||||||||
past participle | stoptha |
* Indirect relative
† Archaic or dialect form
Synonyms
- stad
Noun
stop m (genitive singular stop, nominative plural stopanna)
- a stop (place to get on and off line buses or trams; interruption of travel; device to block path)
Declension
Fourth declension
Bare forms
| Forms with the definite article
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Synonyms
- stad
Further reading
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “stopaid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “stop”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
Italian
Etymology
Borrowed from English stop.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈstɔp/
- Rhymes: -ɔp
- Hyphenation: stòp
Interjection
stop
- stop!, halt!
Noun
stop m
- stop (roadsign; bus stop etc.; block)
Anagrams
- post, post-, spot
Latvian
Etymology
Borrowed from English stop.
Interjection
stop!
- stop!, halt!
Polish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /stɔp/
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -ɔp
- Syllabification: stop
Etymology 1
Deverbal from stopić.
Noun
stop m inan
- (chemistry) an alloy; a mixture of metals
- Synonyms: (archaic) aliaż, (obsolete) aligacja
- Mosiądz jest stopem miedzi i cynku. ― Brass is an alloy of copper and zinc.
Declension
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | stop | stopy |
genitive | stopu | stopów |
dative | stopowi | stopom |
accusative | stop | stopy |
instrumental | stopem | stopami |
locative | stopie | stopach |
vocative | stopie | stopy |
Verb
stop
- second-person singular imperative of stopić
Etymology 2
Borrowed from English stop.
Interjection
stop
- stop!, halt!
Noun
stop m inan
- a stop sign
- Jechał dalej, bo nie zauważył stopu.
- He continued to drive because he hadn't noticed the stop sign.
- (colloquial) a vehicle's brake light
- Uderzyłam w niego, bo nie zaświecił mu się stop i nie wiedziałam, że ostro hamuje.
- I hit his car because his brake light didn't flash and I didn't know he was braking hard.
- (colloquial) hitchhiking
- Często podróżuję na stopa.
- I often hitchhike.
Related terms
- autostopowiczowy
- autostopowy
- autostop
- autostopowicz
- autostopowiczka
Further reading
- stop in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- stop in Polish dictionaries at PWN
Portuguese
Etymology
Unadapted borrowing from English stop.
Pronunciation
- (Brazil) IPA(key): /ˈstɔp/, /ˈstɔ.pi/
- (Southern Brazil) IPA(key): /ˈstɔp/, /ˈstɔ.pe/
- (Portugal) IPA(key): /ˈstɔ.p(ɨ)/
Noun
stop m (plural stops)
- stop (function or button that causes a device to stop operating)
- (uncountable) a game in which the players write on paper one word from each category (animal, fruit, etc.), all beginning with the same letter, as quickly as possible. In Spanish: tutti frutti
- Synonym: adedanha
- (stock market) stop loss order (order to close one’s position if the market drops to a specified price level)
- (Brazil, colloquial) stop; end (the act of putting a stop to something)
- Precisamos dar um stop na nossa preguiça.
- We need to put an end to our laziness.
- (Portugal) stop sign
- Ia sendo atropelado porque o condutor não parou no stop. ― I was almost run over because the driver did not stop at the stop sign.
Interjection
stop!
- said by a player of the game of stop to cease the current turn, after which the players count how many words they wrote
See also
- CEP (acronym of "cidade, estado, país", meaning "city, state, country", a category in the game of stop)
Further reading
Stop! on the Portuguese Wikipedia.Wikipedia pt
Romanian
Etymology
From French stop, from English stop.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /stop/
Noun
stop n (uncountable)
- stop
Declension
singular | ||
---|---|---|
n gender | indefinite articulation | definite articulation |
nominative/accusative | (un) stop | stopul |
genitive/dative | (unui) stop | stopului |
vocative | stopule |
Spanish
Etymology
Unadapted borrowing from English stop.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /esˈtop/ [esˈt̪op]
- Rhymes: -op
Interjection
stop
- stop
Usage notes
According to Royal Spanish Academy (RAE) prescriptions, unadapted foreign words should be written in italics in a text printed in roman type, and vice versa, and in quotation marks in a manuscript text or when italics are not available. In practice, this RAE prescription is not always followed.
Further reading
- “stop”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
Swedish
Etymology
From Old Norse staup (“small glass for liquor”).
Noun
stop n
- beer mug, stein
- stoup
Declension
Declension of stop | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Nominative | stop | stopet | stop | stopen |
Genitive | stops | stopets | stops | stopens |
Synonyms
- sejdel
Anagrams
- post