stone
See also: Stone
English
Stones.
Etymology
From Middle English ston, stone, stan, from Old English stān, from Proto-West Germanic *stain, from Proto-Germanic *stainaz, from Proto-Indo-European *steyh₂- (“to stiffen”).
See also Dutch steen, German Stein, Danish and Swedish sten, Norwegian stein; also Russian стена́ (stená, “wall”), Ancient Greek στία (stía, “pebble”), στέαρ (stéar, “tallow”), Albanian shtëng (“hardened or pressed matter”), Sanskrit स्त्यायते (styāyate, “it hardens”)). Doublet of stein.
Pronunciation
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /stəʊn/
Audio (RP) (file) - (General American) IPA(key): /stoʊn/
Audio (US) (file) - (New Zealand) IPA(key): /stɐʉn/
- Rhymes: -əʊn
Noun
stone (countable and uncountable, plural stones or (as unit of mass) stone)
- (uncountable) A hard earthen substance that can form large rocks.
- c. 1606 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Macbeth”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act IV, scene i], page 143, column 2:
- Toad, that vnder cold ſtone, / Dayes and Nights ha’s thirty one: / Sweltred Venom ſleeping got, / Boyle thou firſt i’th’ charmed pot.
- 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], OCLC 964384981, John 20:1:
- The first day of the weeke, commeth Mary Magdalene earely when it was yet darke, vnto the Sepulchre, and seeth the stone taken away from the Sepulchre.
- 1858, Edward Thornton, A Gazetteer of the Territories Under the Government of the East India Company and of the Native States on the Continent of India, W. H. Allen & Co., page 22:
- It is about 2,500 yards in circuit, is built of red stone, and, according to Von Orlich, is now " a bastioned quinquangle ; the ancient walls with semicircular bastions face the two streams ; the land side is quite regular, and consists of two bastions, and a half-bastion with three ravelins," and stands higher than any ground in face of it.
- 2013 June 8, “Obama goes troll-hunting”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8839, page 55:
- The solitary, lumbering trolls of Scandinavian mythology would sometimes be turned to stone by exposure to sunlight. Barack Obama is hoping that several measures announced on June 4th will have a similarly paralysing effect on their modern incarnation, the patent troll.
-
- A small piece of stone, a pebble.
- A gemstone, a jewel, especially a diamond.
- c. 1593 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedy of Richard the Third: […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act I, scene iv], page 180, column 1:
- […] Ineſtimable Stones, vnvalewed Iewels […]
-
- (Britain) A unit of mass equal to 14 pounds (≈6.3503 kilograms), formerly used for various commodities (wool, cheese, etc.), but now principally used for personal weight.
- 1843, The Penny Cyclopaedia, page 202:
- Seven pounds make a clove, 2 cloves a stone, 2 stone a tod, 61⁄2 tods a wey, 2 weys a sack, 12 sacks a last. […] It is to be observed here that a sack is 13 tods, and a tod 28 pounds, so that the sack is 364 pounds.
- 1882, James Edwin Thorold Rogers, A History of Agriculture and Prices in England, volume IV, page 209:
- Generally, however, the stone or petra, almost always of 14 lbs., is used, the tod of 28 lbs., and the sack of thirteen stones.
- 1992 October 3, Edwina Currie, Diary:
- Weighed myself at the gym and have hit 10st 8lb, a sure sign of things getting out of control—so I can’t even console myself with a chocolate biscuit.
-
- (botany) The central part of some fruits, particularly drupes; consisting of the seed and a hard endocarp layer.
- a peach stone
- (medicine) A hard, stone-like deposit.
- Synonym: calculus
- Hyponyms: kidney stone, nephrolith, gallstone, cholelith, sialolith, urolith
- (board games) A playing piece made of any hard material, used in various board games such as backgammon and go.
- A dull light grey or beige, like that of some stones.
- stone:
- (curling) A 42-pound, precisely shaped piece of granite with a handle attached, which is bowled down the ice.
- A monument to the dead; a gravestone or tombstone.
- 1717, Alexander Pope, “Eloisa to Abelard”, in The Works of Mr. Alexander Pope, volume II, London: […] J. Wright, for Lawton Gilliver […], published 1717, OCLC 43265629, page 434:
- Amid that scene, if ſome relenting eye
Glance on the ſtone where our cold reliques lie.
- 2013 November 25, Zayn Malik, “Story of My Life”, in Midnight Memories, Columbia Records; Syco Music:
- It seems to me that when I die / These words will be written on my stone […]
-
- (obsolete) A mirror, or its glass.
- c. 1603–1606, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of King Lear”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act V, scene iii], page 309, column 1:
- She's dead as earth: Lend me a Looking-glaſſe; / If that her breath will miſt or ſtaine the ſtone, / Why then ſhe liues.
-
- (obsolete) A testicle.
- c. 1591–1595 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Romeo and Ivliet”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act I, scene iii], page 56, column 1:
- […] and yet I warrant it had vpon it brow, a bumpe as big as a young Cockrels ſtone?
- 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], OCLC 964384981, Deuteronomy 23:1:
- Hee that is wounded in the ſtones, or hath his priuie member cut off, ſhall not enter into the Congregation of the Lord.
- 1750, W[illiam] Ellis, The Country Housewife's Family Companion […] , London: James Hodges; B. Collins, OCLC 837728611, page 157:
- To make Capons […] ſome for this Purpoſe make it their Buſineſs after Harveſt-time to go to Markets for buying up Chickens, and between Michaelmas and All-hollantide caponize the Cocks, when they have got large enough to have Stones of ſuch a Bigneſs that they may be pulled out; for if they are too little, it can't be done.
-
- (printing, historical) A stand or table with a smooth, flat top of stone, commonly marble, on which to arrange the pages of a book, newspaper, etc. before printing.
- Synonym: imposing stone
- 1965, George Murray, The Madhouse on Madison Street (page 38)
- The Chief called the makeup editor to the stone, pointed to the story which had caught his eye, and suggested a fairly simple remake.
Usage notes
- All countable senses use the regular plural stones except the British unit of mass, which uses the invariant plural stone.
Synonyms
- (substance): rock
- (small piece of stone): pebble
- (unit of mass): petra
- (of fruit): pip, pit
- (hard stone-like deposit): calculus
- (curling piece): rock
Descendants
- Sranan Tongo: ston
- → Esperanto: ŝtono
Translations
substance
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small piece of stone
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gem stone
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unit of mass
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centre of some fruits
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medical: hard, stone-like deposit
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piece of hard material used in board games
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colour
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curling stone
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- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked
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Verb
stone (third-person singular simple present stones, present participle stoning, simple past and past participle stoned)
- (transitive) To pelt with stones, especially to kill by pelting with stones.
- She got stoned to death after they found her.
- (transitive) To wall with stones.
- 1974, Mathias Peter Harpin, Prophets in the wilderness: a history of Coventry, Rhode Island:
- […] and since it was a rule of the French troops not to be a burden on the people along their route it could be that the advance guard dug and stoned the well for the troop's own special use.
-
- (transitive) To remove a stone from (fruit etc.).
- (intransitive) To form a stone during growth, with reference to fruit etc.
- (transitive, slang) To intoxicate, especially with narcotics. (Usually in passive)
- (intransitive, Singapore, slang) To do nothing, to stare blankly into space and not pay attention when relaxing or when bored.
- 2003, Roger, Joy, Vera and Amanda Loh, Facts about Singapore: Differences between Ohio and Singapore:
- I was stoning the whole of today.
- 2011 November 2, Shermaine Ong, (Please provide the book title or journal name):
- Resume writing class lesson 2, stoning.
- 2015 April 8, Becky Osawa, Trekking with Becky: Stoning at the Marina Barrage, Singapore:
- The Marina Barrage is a reservoir, but everyone goes there because the spacious greenery at the top is the perfect place for stoning, which is Singlish for hanging out and chilling.
-
- (transitive) To lap with an abrasive stone to remove surface irregularities.
Synonyms
- (pelt with stones): lapidate
- (do nothing, just relaxing): chill, chillax, chill out, hang out, rilek
- (do nothing, stare into space): daydream, veg out
Translations
To pelt with stones
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to remove stone from
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to form a stone
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to intoxicate, especially with narcotics
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Adjective
stone (not comparable)
- Constructed of stone.
- stone walls
- Synonym: (archaic) stonen
- Having the appearance of stone.
- stone pot
- Of a dull light grey or beige, like that of some stones.
- (African-American Vernacular) Used as an intensifier.
- She is one stone fox.
- 1994, Born Bad: Stories:
- Yeah, he's a stone fuck–up. But he's stand–up, too, don't forget that.
- 2001, Andrew H. Vachss, Pain Management:
- “And I got the best metal man in the business going for me, too.” “This job's going to be a stone motherfucker,” Flacco said
- 2009, John Lutz, Night Victims, page 307:
- He might be a stone killer who simply doesn't care if his victim's alive or dead at the time of disfigurement.
- (LGBT) Willing to give sexual pleasure but not to receive it.
- stone butch; stone femme
- Antonym: pillow princess
- c. 2000, Sonya, “Femme Identity: Stone-Butch/Femme Dynamic, FTM/Femme Dynamic”, in Transensual Femme, archived from the original on 2000-05-20:
- My physical preference tends more to very masculine-bodied non-transitioning stone TG butches.
Translations
constructed of stone
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having the appearance of stone
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Adverb
stone (not comparable)
- As a stone (used with following adjective).
- My father is stone deaf. This soup is stone cold.
- (slang) Absolutely, completely (used with following adjectives).
- I went stone crazy after she left.
- I said the medication made my vision temporarily blurry, it did not make me stone blind.
Translations
absolutely, completely
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Derived terms
- Bath stone
- Big Stone County
- birthstone
- Black Stone
- Blarney Stone
- bluestone
- bondstone
- brownstone
- capstone
- cast the first stone
- china stone
- cinnamon stone
- cobblestone
- cornerstone
- curbstone
- curling stone
- dolostone
- dripstone
- drystone, dry-stone
- fieldstone
- flagstone
- footstone
- foundation stone
- Four Shire Stone
- freestone
- gallstone
- gemstone
- gravestone
- grindstone
- guard stone
- hailstone
- hard as stone
- headstone
- hearthstone
- hunger stone
- kerbstone
- keystone
- kidney stone
- kill two birds with one stone
- leave no stone unturned
- limestone
- lodestone
- markstone
- milestone
- millstone
- moonstone
- oilstone
- paving stone
- Philosopher's Stone, Philosophers' Stone
- pipestone
- pizza stone
- precious stone
- pudding stone
- rhinestone
- rolling stone
- Rosetta Stone
- sandstone
- sink like a stone
- slingstone
- Smithfield stone
- soapstone
- standing stone
- stepping stone
- Stone Age
- stone bass
- stone-blind
- stone boat
- stonebreaker
- stone-broke
- stone butch
- stonecast
- stonechat
- stone circle
- stone-cold, stone cold
- Stone County
- stone crab
- stonecrop
- stone curlew
- stonecutter
- stoned
- stone-dead, stone dead
- stone-deaf, stone deaf
- stone-faced
- stone femme
- stonefish
- stonefly
- stone frigate
- stone fruit
- stoneground, stone-ground
- stone hands
- stonehearted
- Stonehenge
- stoneless
- stone lily
- stone marten
- stonemason
- Stone Mills
- stone mint
- stonen
- stone parsley
- stone pine
- stone pit
- stoner
- stoneroller
- stone shoot
- stone's throw
- stone the crows
- stone-throwing
- stone wall
- stonewall
- stonewaller
- stoneware
- stonewashed
- stonework
- stonewort
- stone xylophone
- stoneyard
- stony
- throw stones
- touchstone
- turn to stone
- Watton-at-Stone
- whetstone
- whinstone
See also
- Appendix:Colors
Anagrams
- 'onest, ETNOs, Eston, SONET, notes, onest, onset, set on, seton, steno, steno-, tones
Chinese
Etymology
From English stoned.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /stʰʊŋ⁵⁵/
Adjective
stone
- (Hong Kong Cantonese, neologism) stoned; high on drugs, especially cannabis
- 2014, 于日辰（小姓奴）, 殘忍的偷戀 Unconditional Love:
- 嘩其實你哋係醉咗定Stone咗？
- (please add an English translation of this quote)
-
French
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ston/
Adjective
stone (plural stones)
- stoned (high on drugs)
Middle English
Noun
stone
- Alternative form of ston