stimulus
See also: Stimulus
English
Etymology
Borrowed from Latin stimulus (“goad, prick”).
Pronunciation
- (US) IPA(key): /ˈstɪm.jə.ləs/
Audio (UK) (file)
Noun
stimulus (plural stimuluses or stimuli)
- An external phenomenon that has an influence on a system, by triggering or modifying an internal phenomenon; for example, a spur or incentive that drives a person to take action or change behaviour.
- an economic stimulus
- 1834, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], Francesca Carrara. […], volume II, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), OCLC 630079698, page 174:
- From the beginning of the show to the end, vanity is the sole stimulus and reward of action—vanity, that never looks beyond the present.
- 2012 November 7, Matt Bai, “Winning a Second Term, Obama Will Confront Familiar Headwinds”, in New York Times:
- Democrats, meanwhile, point out that Republicans seem to have made a conscious decision, beginning with the stimulus, to oppose anything the president put forward, dooming any chance of renewed cooperation between the parties.
- (physiology, psychology, medicine) Something external that elicits or influences a physiological or psychological activity or response, or that affects any of the sensory apparatuses.
- 2002, Kim Burchiel, Surgical Management of Pain, Thieme, →ISBN, page 44:
- Even light nonpainful stimuli can provoke or exacerbate spontaneous pain; this is not limited to tactile, thermal, or vibratory stimuli, because auditory, visual, olfactory, and visceral stimuli also may be problematic.
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- (botany, entomology) A sting on the body of a plant or insect.
- 1789, Erasmus Darwin, The Loves of the Plants, J. Johnson, p. 15:
- Many plants, like many animals, are furnished with arms for their protection; these are either aculei, prickles […] ; or stimuli, stings, as in the nettles, which are armed with a venomous fluid for the annoyance of naked animals.
- 1789, Erasmus Darwin, The Loves of the Plants, J. Johnson, p. 15:
Synonyms
- (anything that may have an impact or influence): influence; impetus, impulse, spur
Derived terms
- stimulus check
Translations
anything that may have an impact or influence on a system
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something external that elicits or influences a physiological or psychological activity or response
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- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked
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Esperanto
Verb
stimulus
- conditional of stimuli
French
Etymology
Borrowed from Latin stimulus.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /sti.my.lys/
Audio (Paris) (file)
Noun
stimulus m (plural stimulus or stimuli)
- stimulus
Further reading
- “stimulus”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Indonesian
Etymology
From Dutch stimulus, from Latin stimulus (“goad, prick”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)teyg- (“to pierce, prick, be sharp”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [stiˈmulʊs], [sə̆tiˈmulʊs]
- Hyphenation: sti‧mu‧lus
Noun
stimulus (first-person possessive stimulusku, second-person possessive stimulusmu, third-person possessive stimulusnya)
- stimulus
- Synonym: perangsang
Derived terms
- menstimulus
- terstimulus
Further reading
- “stimulus” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Language Development and Fostering Agency — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.
Latin
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *(s)teyg- (“to pierce, prick, be sharp”). Cognate with Ancient Greek στίζω (stízō, “I mark”).
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈsti.mu.lus/, [ˈs̠t̪ɪmʊɫ̪ʊs̠]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈsti.mu.lus/, [ˈst̪iːmulus]
Noun
stimulus m (genitive stimulī); second declension
- a goad, prick
- a sting
- (figuratively) stimulus, incentive
Declension
Second-declension noun.
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative | stimulus | stimulī |
| Genitive | stimulī | stimulōrum |
| Dative | stimulō | stimulīs |
| Accusative | stimulum | stimulōs |
| Ablative | stimulō | stimulīs |
| Vocative | stimule | stimulī |
Related terms
- stimulātiō
- stimulō
Descendants
- Aromanian: strimurari
- Catalan: estímul
- English: stimulus
- French: stimulus
- Galician: estímulo
- Italian: stimolo
- Piedmontese: stimol
- Portuguese: estímulo
- Romanian: stimul, strămurare
- Russian: сти́мул (stímul)
- Spanish: estímulo
References
- “stimulus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “stimulus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- stimulus in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- stimulus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
- Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book, London: Macmillan and Co.
- to be spurred on by ambition: stimulis gloriae concitari
- to spur, urge a person on: calcaria alicui adhibere, admovere; stimulos alicui admovere
- to be spurred on by ambition: stimulis gloriae concitari
- “stimulus”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898) Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
Norwegian Bokmål
Etymology
From Latin.
Noun
stimulus m (definite singular stimulus, indefinite plural stimuli, definite plural stimuliene)
- a stimulus
Usage notes
- By a 1995 spelling decision, Norsk språkråd permitted the regular plural forms stimuluser and stimulusene.[1] These are scarcely used.
Related terms
- stimulere
References
- Årsmelding 1995
Further reading
- “stimulus” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
- “stimulus” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).
Norwegian Nynorsk
Etymology
From Latin.
Noun
stimulus m (plural stimulusen)
- a stimulus
Usage notes
- By a 1995 spelling decision, Norsk språkråd permitted the regular plural forms stimulusar and stimulusane.[1] These are scarcely used.
Related terms
- stimulere
References
- Årsmelding 1995
Further reading
- “stimulus” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
- “stimulus”, in Norsk Ordbok: ordbok over det norske folkemålet og det nynorske skriftmålet, Oslo: Samlaget, 1950-2016