sterno
See also: Sterno, ŝterno, and sterno-
Italian
Etymology
From Ancient Greek στέρνον (stérnon, “chest, breastbone, heart”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈstɛr.no/
- Rhymes: -ɛrno
- Hyphenation: stèr‧no
Noun
sterno m (plural sterni)
- (anatomy) breastbone, sternum
Derived terms
- sternale
Anagrams
- nostre
Latin
Etymology
From Proto-Italic *stornō, from Proto-Indo-European *str̥-n-h₃-, n-infix present of the root *sterh₃-. Cognate with Sanskrit आस्तॄ (āstṝ, “spread”), Avestan 𐬯𐬙𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬥𐬁𐬌𐬙𐬌 (stərənāiti, “spread, extend”), Ancient Greek στόρνυμι (stórnumi, “scatter”), στρατός (stratós, “army, people, body of men”), Old Church Slavonic прострѣти (prostrěti, “stretch, expand”), просторъ (prostorŭ, “spaciousness”), Old English strewian (English strew), Old Norse strá.
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈster.noː/, [ˈs̠t̪ɛrnoː]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈster.no/, [ˈst̪ɛrno]
Verb
sternō (present infinitive sternere, perfect active strāvī, supine strātum); third conjugation
- (transitive) I spread, stretch out, spread out.
- Synonyms: cōnfundō, effundō, fundō, diffundō, dēfundō, differō, indūcō, dissipō
- (transitive, rare) I calm, still, moderate.
- (transitive) I cover, spread with, scatter with, bestrew with, besprinkle.
- (transitive, of a road, path) I pave, cover.
- (transitive) I stretch on the ground, throw to the ground, cast down, strike down, prostrate.
- Synonyms: prōsternō, fundō, prōflīgō, impellō, ruō, subvertō, pervertō, ēvertō, dēturbō, versō, afflīgō
- I overthrow
- Synonyms: prōflīgō, impellō, subvertō, fundō, pervertō, ēvertō, dēturbō, prōsternō, afflīgō, dissipō, vertō, versō
- c. 13th C., O Fortuna, lines 34-36:
- Quod per sortem sternit fortem, mecum omnes plangite!
- That which through fate strikes the strong man down, everyone bemoan [it] with me!
- (transitive, by extension) I knock to the ground, demolish, raze, level, flatten.
- Synonyms: assolō, adaequō, aequō, pariō
Conjugation
| Conjugation of sternō (third conjugation) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| indicative | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | sternō | sternis | sternit | sternimus | sternitis | sternunt |
| imperfect | sternēbam | sternēbās | sternēbat | sternēbāmus | sternēbātis | sternēbant | |
| future | sternam | sternēs | sternet | sternēmus | sternētis | sternent | |
| perfect | strāvī | strāvistī | strāvit | strāvimus | strāvistis | strāvērunt, strāvēre | |
| pluperfect | strāveram | strāverās | strāverat | strāverāmus | strāverātis | strāverant | |
| future perfect | strāverō | strāveris | strāverit | strāverimus | strāveritis | strāverint | |
| passive | present | sternor | sterneris, sternere | sternitur | sternimur | sterniminī | sternuntur |
| imperfect | sternēbar | sternēbāris, sternēbāre | sternēbātur | sternēbāmur | sternēbāminī | sternēbantur | |
| future | sternar | sternēris, sternēre | sternētur | sternēmur | sternēminī | sternentur | |
| perfect | strātus + present active indicative of sum | ||||||
| pluperfect | strātus + imperfect active indicative of sum | ||||||
| future perfect | strātus + future active indicative of sum | ||||||
| subjunctive | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | sternam | sternās | sternat | sternāmus | sternātis | sternant |
| imperfect | sternerem | sternerēs | sterneret | sternerēmus | sternerētis | sternerent | |
| perfect | strāverim | strāverīs | strāverit | strāverīmus | strāverītis | strāverint | |
| pluperfect | strāvissem | strāvissēs | strāvisset | strāvissēmus | strāvissētis | strāvissent | |
| passive | present | sternar | sternāris, sternāre | sternātur | sternāmur | sternāminī | sternantur |
| imperfect | sternerer | sternerēris, sternerēre | sternerētur | sternerēmur | sternerēminī | sternerentur | |
| perfect | strātus + present active subjunctive of sum | ||||||
| pluperfect | strātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum | ||||||
| imperative | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | — | sterne | — | — | sternite | — |
| future | — | sternitō | sternitō | — | sternitōte | sternuntō | |
| passive | present | — | sternere | — | — | sterniminī | — |
| future | — | sternitor | sternitor | — | — | sternuntor | |
| non-finite forms | active | passive | |||||
| present | perfect | future | present | perfect | future | ||
| infinitives | sternere | strāvisse | strātūrum esse | sternī | strātum esse | strātum īrī | |
| participles | sternēns | — | strātūrus | — | strātus | sternendus, sternundus | |
| verbal nouns | gerund | supine | |||||
| genitive | dative | accusative | ablative | accusative | ablative | ||
| sternendī | sternendō | sternendum | sternendō | strātum | strātū | ||
Derived terms
- asternō
- cōnsternō
- desternō
- exsternō
- īnsternō
- persternō
- prōsternō
- sternāx
- strāta
- strātum
- strātus
- substernō
Descendants
- Old French: esternir (through alternative form *sternire), esterdre (merged with the root extergere)
- French: éternir (dialectal, Normandy), étarnir (dialectal, Savoie), éterdre (dialectal, Savoie, Jura and Switzerland)
- Friulian: stierni
- Italian: sternere
References
- “sterno”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “sterno”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- sterno in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
- Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book, London: Macmillan and Co.
- to pave a road: viam sternere (silice, saxo)
- to saddle a horse: sternere equum
- (ambiguous) to prostrate oneself before a person: ad pedes alicuius iacēre, stratum esse (stratum iacēre)
- to pave a road: viam sternere (silice, saxo)
- Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
Old High German
Alternative forms
- sterro, stern
Etymology
From Proto-West Germanic *sterrō, variant of *sternō, from Proto-Germanic *sternô, *sternǭ, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂stḗr. Compare Old Saxon sterro, Old Frisian stēra, Old English steorra, Old Norse stjarna, Gothic 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌽𐍉 (stairnō).
Noun
sterno m
- star
Descendants
- Middle High German: stërne, stërre, stërn
- Alemannic German: Stern
- Bavarian: Stean
- Mòcheno: stern
- Central Franconian: Stään, Stär, Stären, Stern
- Hunsrik: Stern
- Luxembourgish: Stär
- German: Stern
- Vilamovian: śtaom
- Yiddish: שטערן (shtern)