steken
Dutch
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈsteːkə(n)/
Audio (file) - Hyphenation: ste‧ken
- Rhymes: -eːkən
Etymology 1
From Middle Dutch stēken, from Old Dutch *stecan, from Proto-West Germanic *stekan, from Proto-Germanic *stikaną, originally a class 1 strong verb.
Verb
steken
- (transitive) to prick, sting
- (intransitive) to sting, hurt
- (transitive) to stab, thrust (with a sharp instrument such as a dagger)
- (transitive) to insert, put in
- Ik hoorde hoe een sleutel in het slot werd gestoken.
- I heard a key being inserted into the keyhole.
Inflection
| Inflection of steken (strong class 4) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | steken | |||
| past singular | stak | |||
| past participle | gestoken | |||
| infinitive | steken | |||
| gerund | steken n | |||
| present tense | past tense | |||
| 1st person singular | steek | stak | ||
| 2nd person sing. (jij) | steekt | stak | ||
| 2nd person sing. (u) | steekt | stak | ||
| 2nd person sing. (gij) | steekt | staakt | ||
| 3rd person singular | steekt | stak | ||
| plural | steken | staken | ||
| subjunctive sing.1 | steke | stake | ||
| subjunctive plur.1 | steken | staken | ||
| imperative sing. | steek | |||
| imperative plur.1 | steekt | |||
| participles | stekend | gestoken | ||
| 1) Archaic. | ||||
Synonyms
- (prick): prikken
Derived terms
- aansteken
- afsteken
- besteken
- insteken
- in brand steken
- in de rug steken
- neersteken
- opsteken
- oversteken
- steekschuim
- steekwapen
- uitsteken
- versteken
Descendants
- Afrikaans: steek
- Negerhollands: steek, stik, stek
- Skepi Creole Dutch: stokwe
- → Papiamentu: staka
Etymology 2
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Noun
steken
- Plural form of steek
Anagrams
- tekens
Low German
Etymology
From Old Saxon stekan, from Proto-West Germanic *stekan, from Proto-Germanic *stikaną.
Verb
steken (past steek or stook, past participle steken or staken, auxiliary verb hebben)
- (transitive) to stick (someone or something); to poke
- (transitive or intransitive) to sting; to bite; to prick
- (transitive) to stab
- (transitive) to cut; to chop
- (transitive, of the sun) to burn
- (transitive, card games) to take; to trump; to capture
Conjugation
Conjugation of steken (regular past forms)
| infinitive | steken | |
|---|---|---|
| indicative | present | preterite |
| 1st person singular | steek | steek |
| 2nd person singular | sticks(t) | steeks(t) |
| 3rd person singular | stick(t) | steek |
| plural | steekt, steeken | steken |
| imperative | present | — |
| singular | steek | |
| plural | steekt | |
| participle | present | past |
| steken | (e)steken, gesteken | |
| Note: This conjugation is one of many; neither its grammar nor spelling apply to all dialects. | ||
Conjugation of steken (irregular past forms)
| infinitive | steken | |
|---|---|---|
| indicative | present | preterite |
| 1st person singular | steek | stook |
| 2nd person singular | sticks(t) | stooks(t) |
| 3rd person singular | stick(t) | stook |
| plural | steekt, steeken | stoken |
| imperative | present | — |
| singular | steek | |
| plural | steekt | |
| participle | present | past |
| steken | (e)staken, gestaken | |
| Note: This conjugation is one of many; neither its grammar nor spelling apply to all dialects. | ||
Derived terms
- dootsteken
Middle Dutch
Etymology
From Old Dutch *stecan, from Proto-West Germanic *stekan, from Proto-Germanic *stikaną, originally a class 1 strong verb.
Verb
stēken
- to prick, sting
- to stab, thrust (with a sharp instrument such as a dagger)
- to stick, to push (into something)
- to drive off, to chase away
- to light (fire)
- to place, to position, to bring
Inflection
| Strong class 4 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Infinitive | stēken | |
| 3rd sg. past | stac | |
| 3rd pl. past | stâken | |
| Past participle | gestōken | |
| Infinitive | stēken | |
| In genitive | stēkens | |
| In dative | stēkene | |
| Indicative | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | stēke | stac |
| 2nd singular | stēecs, stēkes | stâecs, stâkes |
| 3rd singular | stēect, stēket | stac |
| 1st plural | stēken | stâken |
| 2nd plural | stēect, stēket | stâect, stâket |
| 3rd plural | stēken | stâken |
| Subjunctive | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | stēke | stâke |
| 2nd singular | stēecs, stēkes | stâkes |
| 3rd singular | stēke | stâke |
| 1st plural | stēken | stâken |
| 2nd plural | stēect, stēket | stâket |
| 3rd plural | stēken | stâken |
| Imperative | Present | |
| Singular | stec, stēec, stēke | |
| Plural | stēect, stēket | |
| Present | Past | |
| Participle | stēkende | gestōken |
Descendants
- Dutch: steken
- Limburgish: staeke
Further reading
- “steken (II)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
- Verwijs, E.; Verdam, J. (1885–1929), “steken”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN
Swedish
Noun
steken
- definite singular of stek.
- definite plural of stek
Anagrams
- sekten, skenet