asthma

asthma

See also: Asthma

English

Etymology

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἆσθμα (âsthma, “laborious breathing, asthma”). Displaced native Old English angbrēost (literally “tight chest”).

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ˈasmə/, /ˈasθmə/, /ˈaθsmə/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /ˈæzmə/, /ˈæzðmə/, /ˈæðzmə/
• (obsolete) IPA^(key): /ˈæst.mə/[1]

• Audio (Southern England)

  (file)

• Rhymes: (General American) -æzmə

Noun

asthma (usually uncountable, plural asthmas or asthmata)

1. (pathology) A long-term respiratory condition, in which the airways may unexpectedly and suddenly narrow, often in response to an allergen, cold air, exercise, or emotional stress. Symptoms include wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing.
   • 1842, [anonymous collaborator of Letitia Elizabeth Landon], chapter LV, in Lady Anne Granard; or, Keeping up Appearances. […], volume III, London: Henry Colburn, […], OCLC 1000392275, page 74:

     ...but rheumatism is a vulgar complaint, and would sink even a ducal coronet—the very lowest people have it. I question if there is a workhouse in Great Britain exempt from it. Neither is there one free from asthma, and yet all the world knows a royal duke suffers from it as much as a coalheaver might do;...

   • 1954, William Golding, Lord of the Flies:

     "He kind of spat," said Piggy. "My auntie wouldn't let me blow on account of my asthma. He said you blew from down here." Piggy laid a hand on his jutting abdomen.

   • 2013 June 29, “A punch in the gut”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8842, page 72–3:

     Mostly, the microbiome is beneficial. It helps with digestion and enables people to extract a lot more calories from their food than would otherwise be possible. Research over the past few years, however, has implicated it in diseases from atherosclerosis to asthma to autism.

Derived terms

• antasthmatic
• antiasthmatic
• asthma attack
• asthma paper
• asthma thunderstorm
• asthmatic
• asthmatically
• hay-asthma
• I have asthma
• potter's asthma
• thunderstorm asthma

 

Translations

chronic respiratory disease

Albanian: astmë (sq) f, shpirrë (sq) f, frymëz (sq) f Arabic: رَبُو‎ m (rabū) Gulf Arabic: ربو‎ m (rabu) Moroccan Arabic: ضيقة‎ f (ḍīqa) Aragonese: asma m Armenian: շնչարգելություն (šnčʿargelutʿyun), ասթմա (hy) (astʿma) Belarusian: а́стма f (ástma) Bikol Central: hapo (bcl) Bulgarian: а́стма (bg) f (ástma), задух (bg) m (zaduh) Burmese: ပန်းနာ (my) (pan:na), ပန်းနာရင်ကျပ် (pan:narangkyap) Catalan: asma (ca) f Cebuano: hubak Chinese: Cantonese: 哮喘 (haau1 cyun2) Mandarin: 哮喘 (zh) (xiàochuǎn), 氣喘／气喘 (zh) (qìchuǎn) Min Nan: 痚呴 (zh-min-nan) (he-ku, hê-ku) Czech: astma (cs) n Danish: astma (da) Dutch: astma (nl) Esperanto: astmo Estonian: asma (et) Faroese: astma f, bróstmøði f Finnish: astma (fi) French: asthme (fr) Georgian: ასთმა (ka) (astma) German: Asthma (de) n Greek: άσθμα (el) n (ásthma) Ancient: ἆσθμα n (âsthma) Hebrew: אַסְתְמָה‎ (he) Hiligaynon: hikab, usang Hindi: दमा (hi) m (damā) Hungarian: asztma (hu) Ido: astmo (io) Ilocano: angkit Indonesian: asma (id) Irish: asma m, múchadh m, plúchadh m Italian: asma (it) f Japanese: 喘息 (ja) (ぜんそく, zensoku) Kazakh: демікпе (demıkpe) Korean: 천식 (ko) (cheonsik) Lao: ພະຍາດຫືດ (lo) (pha nyāt hư̄t) Latin: asthma n Latvian: astma f Lithuanian: astma f Macedonian: а́стма f (ástma) Malagasy: sefo (mg) Maltese: ażżma f Maori: huangō, ngoio, tīmohu, kume Norman: courte-haleine f (Jersey) Norwegian: Bokmål: astma m Nynorsk: astma m Occitan: asma (oc) m Old English: angbrēost n Ossetian: астмӕ (astmæ) Persian: آسم‎ (fa) (âsm) Plautdietsch: Austma n Polish: astma (pl) f, dychawica (pl) f (literally) Portuguese: asma (pt) f Rohingya: please add this translation if you can Romanian: astmă (ro) f Russian: а́стма (ru) f (ástma) Sinhalese: ඇදුම (æduma) Spanish: asma (es) f Swedish: astma (sv) Tagalog: hika Tausug: sungut Thai: หืด (th) (hʉ̀ʉt) Turkish: astım (tr), yelpik (tr) Ukrainian: а́стма (uk) f (ástma) Urdu: دمہ‎ m (damā) Vietnamese: suyễn (vi), hen (vi), hen suyễn Waray-Waray: sugiw Welsh: asthma m, mygfa f Zazaki: astım, helpeze

See also

• inhaler
• phthisic

 

References

1. Jespersen, Otto (1909) A Modern English Grammar on Historical Principles (Sammlung germanischer Elementar- und Handbücher; 9)‎, volume I: Sounds and Spellings, London: George Allen & Unwin, published 1961, § 7.736, page 225.

Further reading

• asthma on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Anagrams

• Mastah, Maths A, mastah, mathas, shmata

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Latin

Etymology

From Ancient Greek ἆσθμα (âsthma).

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈastʰ.ma/, [ˈäs̠t̪ʰmä]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈast.ma/, [ˈäst̪mä]

Noun

asthma n (genitive asthmatis); third declension

1. panting, laboured breathing
2. (medicine) asthma

Declension

Third-declension noun (neuter, imparisyllabic non-i-stem).

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	asthma	asthmata
Genitive	asthmatis	asthmatum
Dative	asthmatī	asthmatibus
Accusative	asthma	asthmata
Ablative	asthmate	asthmatibus
Vocative	asthma	asthmata

Descendants

• Asturian: asma
• Catalan: asma
• French: asthme
  • → Romanian: astmă
  • → Turkish: astım
• Italian: asma
• Spanish: asma
• → Polish: astma
• → Dutch: astma
  • Afrikaans: asma
  • → Indonesian: asma
• → Hungarian: asztma

References

• asthma in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette