sspd

sspd

Egyptian

Etymology

s- (causative prefix) +‎ spd (“to be sharp”).

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /sɛsɛpɛd/
  • Conventional anglicization: seseped

Verb

 caus. 3-lit.

1. (transitive) to sharpen
2. (transitive) to make ready, to prepare
3. (transitive) to supply (+ m: with)

Inflection

Conjugation of sspd (causative triliteral / caus. 3-lit. / caus. 3rad.) — base stem: sspd

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
sspd	sspdw, sspd	sspdt	sspd	sspd

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
sspd	ḥr sspd	m sspd	r sspd

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
			aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	sspd.n	sspdw, sspd	consecutive	sspd.jn	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative	sspdt
perfective3	sspd	active + .tj1, .tw2	obligative	sspd.ḫr	active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective	sspd	active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3	sspdw, sspd, sspdy	sspdw, sspd, sspdy	potentialis	sspd.kꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive	sspd	active + .tj1, .tw2

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	sspd.n	active + .tj1, .tw2	—	—
perfective	sspd	active + .tj1, .tw2	sspd	sspd, sspdw5, sspdy5
imperfective	sspd, sspdy, sspdw5	active + .tj1, .tw2	sspd, sspdj6, sspdy6	sspd, sspdw5
prospective	sspd, sspdtj7	—	sspdwtj1 4, sspdtj4, sspdt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of sspd  

sspd

References

• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, 357 page 185, 357.
• Hoch, James (1997) Middle Egyptian Grammar, Mississauga: Benben Publications, →ISBN, page 163