spondeo
Ido
Noun
spondeo (plural spondei)
- spondee
Italian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /sponˈdɛ.o/
- Rhymes: -ɛo
- Hyphenation: spon‧dè‧o
Noun
spondeo m (plural spondei)
- spondee
Anagrams
- sopendo
Latin
Etymology
From Proto-Italic *spondeō, from Proto-Indo-European *spondéyeti, causative verb from *spend- (“to perform a rite, make an offering”). Cognates include Ancient Greek σπένδω (spéndō, “libate”), σπονδή (spondḗ, “libation”).
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈspon.de.oː/, [ˈs̠pɔn̪d̪eoː]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈspon.de.o/, [ˈspɔn̪d̪eo]
Verb
spondeō (present infinitive spondēre, perfect active spopondī, supine spōnsum); second conjugation
- I promise, bind or pledge myself, contract, vow.
- Synonyms: dēspondeō, voveō, ostentō, profiteor, prōmittō, stipulor, pangō, polliceor
- I guarantee
- I promise for another; I become security for a person, enter bail.
- I promise or engage in marriage, betroth.
Conjugation
- This verb has only limited passive conjugation; only third-person passive forms are attested in surviving sources. The third principal part may be spopondī or spepondī.
| Conjugation of spondeō (second conjugation) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| indicative | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | spondeō | spondēs | spondet | spondēmus | spondētis | spondent |
| imperfect | spondēbam | spondēbās | spondēbat | spondēbāmus | spondēbātis | spondēbant | |
| future | spondēbō | spondēbis | spondēbit | spondēbimus | spondēbitis | spondēbunt | |
| perfect | spopondī, spepondī | spopondistī, spepondistī | spopondit, spepondit | spopondimus, spepondimus | spopondistis, spepondistis | spopondērunt, spopondēre, spepondērunt, spepondēre | |
| pluperfect | spoponderam, speponderam | spoponderās, speponderās | spoponderat, speponderat | spoponderāmus, speponderāmus | spoponderātis, speponderātis | spoponderant, speponderant | |
| future perfect | spoponderō, speponderō | spoponderis, speponderis | spoponderit, speponderit | spoponderimus, speponderimus | spoponderitis, speponderitis | spoponderint, speponderint | |
| sigmatic future1 | spōnsō | spōnsis | spōnsit | spōnsimus | spōnsitis | spōnsint | |
| passive | present | spondeor | spondēris, spondēre | spondētur | spondēmur | spondēminī | spondentur |
| imperfect | spondēbar | spondēbāris, spondēbāre | spondēbātur | spondēbāmur | spondēbāminī | spondēbantur | |
| future | spondēbor | spondēberis, spondēbere | spondēbitur | spondēbimur | spondēbiminī | spondēbuntur | |
| perfect | spōnsus + present active indicative of sum | ||||||
| pluperfect | spōnsus + imperfect active indicative of sum | ||||||
| future perfect | spōnsus + future active indicative of sum | ||||||
| subjunctive | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | spondeam | spondeās | spondeat | spondeāmus | spondeātis | spondeant |
| imperfect | spondērem | spondērēs | spondēret | spondērēmus | spondērētis | spondērent | |
| perfect | spoponderim, speponderim | spoponderīs, speponderīs | spoponderit, speponderit | spoponderīmus, speponderīmus | spoponderītis, speponderītis | spoponderint, speponderint | |
| pluperfect | spopondissem, spepondissem | spopondissēs, spepondissēs | spopondisset, spepondisset | spopondissēmus, spepondissēmus | spopondissētis, spepondissētis | spopondissent, spepondissent | |
| sigmatic aorist1 | spōnsim | spōnsīs | spōnsīt | spōnsīmus | spōnsītis | spōnsint | |
| passive | present | spondear | spondeāris, spondeāre | spondeātur | spondeāmur | spondeāminī | spondeantur |
| imperfect | spondērer | spondērēris, spondērēre | spondērētur | spondērēmur | spondērēminī | spondērentur | |
| perfect | spōnsus + present active subjunctive of sum | ||||||
| pluperfect | spōnsus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum | ||||||
| imperative | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | — | spondē | — | — | spondēte | — |
| future | — | spondētō | spondētō | — | spondētōte | spondentō | |
| passive | present | — | spondēre | — | — | spondēminī | — |
| future | — | spondētor | spondētor | — | — | spondentor | |
| non-finite forms | active | passive | |||||
| present | perfect | future | present | perfect | future | ||
| infinitives | spondēre | spopondisse, spepondisse | spōnsūrum esse | spondērī | spōnsum esse | spōnsum īrī | |
| participles | spondēns | — | spōnsūrus | — | spōnsus | spondendus | |
| verbal nouns | gerund | supine | |||||
| genitive | dative | accusative | ablative | accusative | ablative | ||
| spondendī | spondendō | spondendum | spondendō | spōnsum | spōnsū | ||
1At least one use of the archaic "sigmatic future" and "sigmatic aorist" tenses is attested, which are used by Old Latin writers; most notably Plautus and Terence. The sigmatic future is generally ascribed a future or future perfect meaning, while the sigmatic aorist expresses a possible desire ("might want to").
Derived terms
- cōnspondeō
- dēspondeō
- respondeō
- spōnsa
- spōnsālis
- spōnsiō
- spōnsō
- spōnsor
- spōnsum
- spōnsus
Related terms
- spōnsāle
- spōnsālia
- spōnsiuncula
References
- “spondeo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “spondeo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- spondeo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
- “spondeo”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890) A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin
- Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN