spiro
See also: Spiro, spirò, and spiro-
English
Pronunciation
Audio (AU) (file)
Etymology 1
Ultimately from Latin spīra (“coil, twist”).
Noun
spiro (uncountable)
- (organic chemistry, attributively) A polycyclic compound or system that contains a single atom as the only common member of two rings.
Derived terms
- polyspiro
- spiro compound
Related terms
- spiran
- spirene
- spiro-
- spironolactone
Etymology 2
Clipping.
Noun
spiro (uncountable)
- (pharmacology, slang) Clipping of spironolactone.
- 2022, Laura Erickson-Schroth, editor, Trans Bodies, Trans Selves, 2nd edition, Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 315:
- I was on estradiol tablets, finasteride, micronized progesterone, and spironolactone. I had an orchiectomy and have been taken off of progesterone and spiro. As far as changes to my body, they have been very miniscule in comparison to a person half my age. The most changes have been in my face.
- 2022 January 31, Bella Cacciatore, “How Pregnancy and Social Media Helped Kara Nesvig’s Hormonal Acne”, in Glamour:
- After trying everything short of Accutane, she finally found her magic combo of spironolactone and hormonal birth control. “Birth control and spiro were my dream duo,” she says. “They knocked out my acne, my skin was flawless, but I had to have both.”
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Translations
spironolactone
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Anagrams
- Piros, sirop, spori-
Esperanto
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈspiro]
- Rhymes: -iro
- Hyphenation: spir‧o
Noun
spiro (accusative singular spiron, plural spiroj, accusative plural spirojn)
- breath
Related terms
- spiri
Italian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈspi.ro/
- Rhymes: -iro
- Hyphenation: spì‧ro
Verb
spiro
- first-person singular present indicative of spirare
Anagrams
- porsi, rospi
Latin
Etymology
From Proto-Italic *speizō, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)peys- (“to blow, breathe”). Cognate with Proto-Germanic *fīsaną (“to blow; to fart”). More at fist, fise.
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈspiː.roː/, [ˈs̠piːroː]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈspi.ro/, [ˈspiːro]
Verb
spīrō (present infinitive spīrāre, perfect active spīrāvī, supine spīrātum); first conjugation
- I breathe, draw breath, respire
- I blow, breathe, burst forth
- (intransitive, with accusative) I breathe out, exhale, emit
- (figuratively) I breathe, live, am alive (usually in the present participle)
- (figuratively) I am poetically inspired
- (figuratively) I design, intend, express
Conjugation
| Conjugation of spīrō (first conjugation) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| indicative | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | spīrō | spīrās | spīrat | spīrāmus | spīrātis | spīrant |
| imperfect | spīrābam | spīrābās | spīrābat | spīrābāmus | spīrābātis | spīrābant | |
| future | spīrābō | spīrābis | spīrābit | spīrābimus | spīrābitis | spīrābunt | |
| perfect | spīrāvī | spīrāvistī | spīrāvit | spīrāvimus | spīrāvistis | spīrāvērunt, spīrāvēre | |
| pluperfect | spīrāveram | spīrāverās | spīrāverat | spīrāverāmus | spīrāverātis | spīrāverant | |
| future perfect | spīrāverō | spīrāveris | spīrāverit | spīrāverimus | spīrāveritis | spīrāverint | |
| passive | present | spīror | spīrāris, spīrāre | spīrātur | spīrāmur | spīrāminī | spīrantur |
| imperfect | spīrābar | spīrābāris, spīrābāre | spīrābātur | spīrābāmur | spīrābāminī | spīrābantur | |
| future | spīrābor | spīrāberis, spīrābere | spīrābitur | spīrābimur | spīrābiminī | spīrābuntur | |
| perfect | spīrātus + present active indicative of sum | ||||||
| pluperfect | spīrātus + imperfect active indicative of sum | ||||||
| future perfect | spīrātus + future active indicative of sum | ||||||
| subjunctive | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | spīrem | spīrēs | spīret | spīrēmus | spīrētis | spīrent |
| imperfect | spīrārem | spīrārēs | spīrāret | spīrārēmus | spīrārētis | spīrārent | |
| perfect | spīrāverim | spīrāverīs | spīrāverit | spīrāverīmus | spīrāverītis | spīrāverint | |
| pluperfect | spīrāvissem | spīrāvissēs | spīrāvisset | spīrāvissēmus | spīrāvissētis | spīrāvissent | |
| passive | present | spīrer | spīrēris, spīrēre | spīrētur | spīrēmur | spīrēminī | spīrentur |
| imperfect | spīrārer | spīrārēris, spīrārēre | spīrārētur | spīrārēmur | spīrārēminī | spīrārentur | |
| perfect | spīrātus + present active subjunctive of sum | ||||||
| pluperfect | spīrātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum | ||||||
| imperative | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | — | spīrā | — | — | spīrāte | — |
| future | — | spīrātō | spīrātō | — | spīrātōte | spīrantō | |
| passive | present | — | spīrāre | — | — | spīrāminī | — |
| future | — | spīrātor | spīrātor | — | — | spīrantor | |
| non-finite forms | active | passive | |||||
| present | perfect | future | present | perfect | future | ||
| infinitives | spīrāre | spīrāvisse | spīrātūrum esse | spīrārī | spīrātum esse | spīrātum īrī | |
| participles | spīrāns | — | spīrātūrus | — | spīrātus | spīrandus | |
| verbal nouns | gerund | supine | |||||
| genitive | dative | accusative | ablative | accusative | ablative | ||
| spīrandī | spīrandō | spīrandum | spīrandō | spīrātum | spīrātū | ||
Derived terms
- altē spīrō
- aspīrō
- cōnspīrō
- exspīrō
- inspīrō
- perspīrō
- respīrō
- spīrābilis
- spīrāculum
- spīrāmentum
- spīrātiō
- spīrātus
- spīritus
- suspīrō
- transpīrō
Related terms
- spīritālis
- spīritālitās
- spīritāliter
- spīritus asper
- spīritus lēnis
- spīritus sānctus
Descendants
- → Catalan: espirar
- → Icelandic: spíra
- → Italian: spirare
- → Old French: espirer, anspirer, enspirer, inspirer (some forms influenced by inspīrāre)
- French: inspirer
- → Middle English: enspiren, ensperen
- English: inspire
- Scots: enspire
- → Spanish: espirar
References
- “spiro”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “spiro”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- spiro in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
- Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book, London: Macmillan and Co.
- a man's soul breathes through his writings: alicuius mens in scriptis spirat
- a man's soul breathes through his writings: alicuius mens in scriptis spirat
- spiro in Ramminger, Johann (accessed 16 July 2016) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700, pre-publication website, 2005-2016