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单词 absence
释义

absence

See also: Absence

English

Alternative forms

  • abs.

Etymology

From Middle English absence, from Old French absence, ausence, from Latin absentia, from absēns (“absent”), present active participle of absum (“I am away or absent”), from ab (“from, away from”) + sum (“I am”).

Pronunciation

  • (UK) IPA(key): /ˈæb.s(ə)n̩s/, /ˈæb.s(ə)n̩ts/
  • (General American)
    • IPA(key): /ˈæb.s(ə)n̩s/, /ˈæb.sn̩ts/
    • (in the medical sense) IPA(key): /ˈæbsɒns/, /æbˈsɒns/
  • Audio (US)(file)
  • Rhymes: (in the medical sense) -ɒns

Noun

absence (usually uncountable, plural absences)

  1. A state of being away or withdrawn from a place or from companionship
    Absence makes the heart grow fonder.
  2. The period of someone being away. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.][1]
    During Jane's absence, Mark will be taking charge.
    • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], OCLC 964384981, Philippians 2:12:
      Not as in my presence only, but now much more in my absence.
  3. Failure to be present where one is expected, wanted, or needed; nonattendance; deficiency. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.][1]
    • 2018 September 15, Ronay, Barney, “Finely tuned Liverpool are really getting into Jürgen Klopp’s groove”, in The Guardian‎:
      Harry Kane was an absence in that first half. He touched the ball 11 times despite Spurs taking 62% of possession.
    • 2022 January 12, Nigel Harris, “Comment: Unhappy start to 2022”, in RAIL, number 948, page 3:
      Then, in January, a creeping tsunami of train cancellations, triggered by major staff absences as a result of the aggressive transmissibility of Omicron, heaped further misery on rail users.
  4. Lack; deficiency; nonexistence. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.][1]
    He had an absence of enthusiasm.
    • 1826, James Kent, Commentaries on American Law
      in the absence of higher and more authoritative sanctions the ordinances of foreign states, the opinions of eminent statesmen, and the writings of distinguished jurists, are regarded as of great consideration on questions not settled by conventional law
  5. Inattention to things present; abstraction (of mind). [First attested in the early 18th century.][1]
    absence of mind
    • 1711 June 9 (Gregorian calendar)​, Joseph Addison; Richard Steele [et al.], “TUESDAY, May 29, 1711”, in The Spectator, number 77; republished in Alexander Chalmers, editor, The Spectator; a New Edition, […], volume I, New York, N.Y.: D[aniel] Appleton & Company, 1853, OCLC 191120697:
      Reflecting on the little absences and distractions of mankind.
    • c. 1824-1829, Landor, Walter, Imaginary Conversations:
      To conquer that abstraction which is called absence.
  6. (medicine) Temporary loss or disruption of consciousness, with sudden onset and recovery, and common in epilepsy. [First attested in the mid 20th century.][1]
  7. (fencing) Lack of contact between blades.

Synonyms

  • missingness

Antonyms

  • (state of being away): presence
  • (lack, deficiency, nonexistence): existence, possession, sufficiency

Derived terms

  • absence makes the heart grow fonder
  • absence of mind
  • absence seizure
  • absence without leave
  • conspicuous by one's absence
  • leave of absence
  • absent
  • absentee
  • absenteeism
  • absential

Translations

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

References

  1. Lesley Brown, editor-in-chief; William R. Trumble and Angus Stevenson, editors (2002), “absence”, in The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary on Historical Principles, 5th edition, Oxford; New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 8.

Anagrams

  • casbene

Czech

Etymology

From French absence, from Latin absentia, from absēns (“absent”), present active participle of absum (“I am away or absent”), from ab (“of, by, from”) + sum (“I am”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ˈapsɛnt͡sɛ]

Noun

absence f

  1. absence

Declension

Declension of absence
singularplural
nominativeabsenceabsence
genitiveabsenceabsencí
dativeabsenciabsencím
accusativeabsenciabsence
vocativeabsenceabsence
locativeabsenciabsencích
instrumentalabsencíabsencemi
  • See esence

Further reading

  • absence in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
  • absence in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989

Danish

Etymology

From French absence.

Noun

absence c (singular definite absencen, plural indefinite absencer)

  1. (medicine) petit mal

Inflection

Declension of absence
common
gender		SingularPlural
indefinitedefiniteindefinitedefinite
nominativeabsenceabsencenabsencerabsencerne
genitiveabsencesabsencensabsencersabsencernes

Synonyms

  • petit mal

References

  • “absence” in Den Danske Ordbog

French

Etymology

From Latin absentia, from absēns (“absent”), present active participle of absum (“I am away or absent”), from ab (“of, by, from”) + sum (“I am”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ap.sɑ̃s/
  • audio(file)

Noun

absence f (plural absences)

  1. absence (state of being absent or withdrawn)

Derived terms

  • appel en absence
  • briller par son absence
  • absent

Descendants

  • → Czech: absence
  • → Danish: absence
  • → German: Absence
  • → Luxembourgish: Absence

Further reading

  • “absence”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Middle English

Etymology

From Old French absence, ausence, from Latin absentia, from absēns (“absent”), present active participle of absum (“I am away or absent”), from ab (“of, by, from”) + sum (“I am”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /abˈsɛns(ə)/

Noun

absence (plural absences)

  1. Being away or elsewhere; absence.
  2. Nonattendance or nonexistence; failure to appear.
  • absent

Descendants

  • English: absence
  • Scots: absence

References

  • Stratmann, Francis Henry; Henry Bradley (First published 1891) A Dictionary of Middle English‎, London: Oxford University Press, published 1954, page 3
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