spargo
See also: Spargo
Italian
Verb
spargo
- first-person singular present indicative of spargere
Anagrams
- graspo, sporga
Latin
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *(s)pregʰ- (“to scatter, to jerk”), see also spurcus, Old Irish arg (“a drop”), Lithuanian sprogti (“a bud, a shoot”), Northern Sami sprygg (“active, brisk”), Old Norse freknur (“speckles”) (whence English freckle), Avestan 𐬟𐬭𐬀-𐬯𐬞𐬀𐬭𐬈𐬔𐬀 (fra-sparega, “twig, branch, something jerked off of a tree”), Sanskrit पर्जन्य (parjanya, “rain god, rain”). See also spernō and Ancient Greek σπείρω (speírō).
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈspar.ɡoː/, [ˈs̠pärɡoː]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈspar.ɡo/, [ˈspärɡo]
Verb
spargō (present infinitive spargere, perfect active sparsī, supine sparsum); third conjugation
- I scatter, strew, sprinkle
- ara castis vincta verbenis avet immolato spargier agno
- The altar decorated with fresh foliage yearns to be sprinkled with [blood from] a sacrificed lamb. (Horace, Odes IV, 8)
- ara castis vincta verbenis avet immolato spargier agno
Conjugation
Conjugation of spargō (third conjugation) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
indicative | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
active | present | spargō | spargis | spargit | spargimus | spargitis | spargunt |
imperfect | spargēbam | spargēbās | spargēbat | spargēbāmus | spargēbātis | spargēbant | |
future | spargam | spargēs | sparget | spargēmus | spargētis | spargent | |
perfect | sparsī | sparsistī | sparsit | sparsimus | sparsistis | sparsērunt, sparsēre | |
pluperfect | sparseram | sparserās | sparserat | sparserāmus | sparserātis | sparserant | |
future perfect | sparserō | sparseris | sparserit | sparserimus | sparseritis | sparserint | |
passive | present | spargor | spargeris, spargere | spargitur | spargimur | spargiminī | sparguntur |
imperfect | spargēbar | spargēbāris, spargēbāre | spargēbātur | spargēbāmur | spargēbāminī | spargēbantur | |
future | spargar | spargēris, spargēre | spargētur | spargēmur | spargēminī | spargentur | |
perfect | sparsus + present active indicative of sum | ||||||
pluperfect | sparsus + imperfect active indicative of sum | ||||||
future perfect | sparsus + future active indicative of sum | ||||||
subjunctive | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
active | present | spargam | spargās | spargat | spargāmus | spargātis | spargant |
imperfect | spargerem | spargerēs | spargeret | spargerēmus | spargerētis | spargerent | |
perfect | sparserim | sparserīs | sparserit | sparserīmus | sparserītis | sparserint | |
pluperfect | sparsissem | sparsissēs | sparsisset | sparsissēmus | sparsissētis | sparsissent | |
passive | present | spargar | spargāris, spargāre | spargātur | spargāmur | spargāminī | spargantur |
imperfect | spargerer | spargerēris, spargerēre | spargerētur | spargerēmur | spargerēminī | spargerentur | |
perfect | sparsus + present active subjunctive of sum | ||||||
pluperfect | sparsus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum | ||||||
imperative | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
active | present | — | sparge | — | — | spargite | — |
future | — | spargitō | spargitō | — | spargitōte | sparguntō | |
passive | present | — | spargere | — | — | spargiminī | — |
future | — | spargitor | spargitor | — | — | sparguntor | |
non-finite forms | active | passive | |||||
present | perfect | future | present | perfect | future | ||
infinitives | spargere | sparsisse | sparsūrum esse | spargī, spargier1 | sparsum esse | sparsum īrī | |
participles | spargēns | — | sparsūrus | — | sparsus | spargendus, spargundus | |
verbal nouns | gerund | supine | |||||
genitive | dative | accusative | ablative | accusative | ablative | ||
spargendī | spargendō | spargendum | spargendō | sparsum | sparsū |
1The present passive infinitive in -ier is a rare poetic form which is attested.
Descendants
- Balkan Romance:
- Aromanian: spargu, aspargu, aspardziri
- Romanian: sparge, spargere
- Italo-Romance:
- Italian: spargere
- Padanian:
- Venetian: spàrxer
- Gallo-Romance:
- Catalan: espargir
- Old French: espardre, espargier
- Middle French: espardre
- French: épardre (obsolete or regional)
- → English: sparge
- Middle French: espardre
- Ibero-Romance:
- Asturian: esparder
- Galician: esparexer
- Portuguese: espargir
- Spanish: esparcir
- Insular Romance:
- Sardinian: ispàlghere, isparghere, ispàrgiri, ispràghere, spàrgiri
References
- “spargo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “spargo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- spargo in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- spargo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
- Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book, London: Macmillan and Co.
- to spread a rumour: rumorem spargere
- to sow: serere; semen spargere
- to spread a rumour: rumorem spargere