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单词 sort
释义

sort

See also: sórt, sòrt, sört, and şort

English

Pronunciation

  • (UK) enPR: sôrt, IPA(key): /sɔːt/
  • Audio (UK)(file)
  • (US) enPR: sôrt, IPA(key): /sɔɹt/
  • Audio (US)(file)
  • Audio (AU)(file)
  • Rhymes: -ɔːt, -ɔɹt
  • Homophone: sought (in non-rhotic accents)

Etymology 1

From Middle English sort, soort, sorte (= Dutch soort, German Sorte, Danish sort, Swedish sort), borrowed from Old French sorte (“class, kind”), from Latin sortem, accusative form of sors (“lot, fate, share, rank, category”).

Noun

sort (plural sorts)

  1. A general type.
    • 1913, Joseph C. Lincoln, chapter 1, in Mr. Pratt's Patients:
      I stumbled along through the young pines and huckleberry bushes. Pretty soon I struck into a sort of path that, I cal'lated, might lead to the road I was hunting for. It twisted and turned, and, the first thing I knew, made a sudden bend around a bunch of bayberry scrub and opened out into a big clear space like a lawn.
    • 1922, Ben Travers, chapter 1, in A Cuckoo in the Nest‎:
      “[…] the awfully hearty sort of Christmas cards that people do send to other people that they don't know at all well. You know. The kind that have mottoes like
        Here's rattling good luck and roaring good cheer, / With lashings of food and great hogsheads of beer. […]”
    • 1963, Margery Allingham, chapter 17, in The China Governess‎:
      The face which emerged was not reassuring. […]. He was not a mongol but there was a deficiency of a sort there, and it was not made more pretty by a latter-day hair cut which involved eccentrically long elf-locks and oiled black curls.
    • 2013 June 14, Sam Leith, “Where the profound meets the profane”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 1, page 37:
      Swearing doesn't just mean what we now understand by "dirty words". It is entwined, in social and linguistic history, with the other sort of swearing: vows and oaths.
  2. Manner; form of being or acting.
    • 1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book SOON AS THE TERM OF THOSE SIX YEARS SHALL CEASE,
      YE THEN SHALL HITHER BACK RETURN AGAIN,
      THE MARRIAGE TO ACCOMPLISH VOW'D BETWIXT YOU TWAIN.
      WHICH FOR MY PART, I COVET TO PERFORM,
      IN SORT AS THROUGH THE WORLD I DID PROCLAIM,
      THAT WHOSO KILL'D THAT MONFTER (MOST DEFORM)
      AND HIM IN HARDY BATTLE OVERCAME,
      SHOULD HAVE MINE ONLY DAUGHTER TO HIS DAME...”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, OCLC 960102938:
      }}
    • 1845, Richard Hooker, Works of that Learned and Judicious Divine...‎:
      Such is that argument whereby they that wore on their heads garlands are charged as transgressors of nature's law, and guilty of sacrilege against God the Lord of nature, inasmuch as flowers, in such sort worn can neither be smelt nor seen well by those that wear them; and God made flowers sweet and beautiful, that being seen and smelt unto, they might so delight.
    • ca 1590, William Shakespeare, Titus Andronicus:
      I'll deceive you in another sort
    • 1667, John Milton, Paradise lost‎[]:
      But to Adam in what sort
      Shall I appeer? shall I to him make known
      As yet my change, and give him to partake
      Full happiness with mee, or rather not,
      But keep the odds of Knowledge within my power
      Without copartner?
    • 1697, John Dryden, The Works of John Dryden, Volume V: Poems‎, →ISBN:
      I acknowledge, with Segrais, that I have not succeeded in this attempt, according to my desire: yet I shall not be wholly without praise, if in some sort I may be allow'd to have copied the Clearness, the Purity, the Easiness and the Magnificence of his stile.
    • 1910, Emerson Hough, chapter II, in The Purchase Price: Or The Cause of Compromise, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, OCLC 639762314:
      Carried somehow, somewhither, for some reason, on these surging floods, were these travelers, of errand not wholly obvious to their fellows, yet of such sort as to call into query alike the nature of their errand and their own relations. It is easily earned repetition to state that Josephine St. Auban's was a presence not to be concealed.
  3. (obsolete) Condition above the vulgar; rank.
    • ca 1599, William Shakespeare, Henry V:
      "What think you, Captain Fluellen? is it fit this soldier keep his oath?"
      "He is a craven and a villain else, an't please your majesty, in my conscience."
      "It may be his enemy is a gentleman of great sort, quite from the answer of his degree."
      "Though he be as good a gentleman as the devil is, as Lucifer and Belzebub himself, it is necessary, look your grace, that he keep his vow and his oath."
  4. (informal) A person evaluated in a certain way (bad, good, strange, etc.).
    • 1999 October 1, Heinrich Müller, Müller Journals: 1948-1950, The Washington years‎:
      There is no problem with this and he seems to be a decent sort with very good reflexes. I will have Felix replaced with him when we get back to Washington because he is more acceptable.
    • 2014, Mykel D. Myles, The Long Night Of The Demon, →ISBN:
      Amo, he is the prince. And he is a good sort. You, My Husband, should be among his circle
    • 2014, Seema Jha, Charade978-1-4969-8816-4:
      One doesn't need to be Einstein to realize he is a bad sort / My wife always said as much.
  5. (dated) Group, company.
    • 1595, Edmund Spenser, The Poetical Works of Edmund Spenser‎:
      a sort of shepherds suing of the Chace
    • 1687, John Dryden, The Hind and the Panther‎:
      a sort of doves were housed too near their hall
    • 1622, Philip Massinger, The Virgin Martyr‎:
      What good got you by wearing out your feet,
      To run on scurvy errands to the poor,
      and to bear mony to a sort of rogues
      And lousy prisoners?
    • 1616, George Chapman, The Odysseys of Homer‎:
      A boy, a child, and we a sort of us,
      Vowed against his voyage, yet admit it thus!
  6. (Britain, informal) A good-looking woman.
  7. An act of sorting.
    I had a sort of my cupboard.
  8. (computing) An algorithm for sorting a list of items into a particular sequence.
    • 2014, Donald E. Knuth, The Art of Computer Programming. Sorting and Searching, →ISBN:
      The fastest general algorithm we have considered that sorts keys in a stable manner is the list mergesort, but it does not use minimum storage
    Popular algorithms for sorts include quicksort and heapsort.
  9. (typography) A piece of metal type used to print one letter, character, or symbol in a particular size and style.
  10. (mathematics) A type.
  11. (obsolete) Chance; lot; destiny.
    • c. 1587–1588, [Christopher Marlowe], Tamburlaine the Great. […] The First Part […], part 1, 2nd edition, London: […] [R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, […], published 1592, OCLC 932920499; reprinted as Tamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire; London: Scolar Press, 1973, →ISBN, Act II, scene vii:
      For he is groſſe and like the maſſie earth,
      That mooues not vpwards, nor by princely deeds
      Doth meane to ſoare aboue the highest ſort.
    • ca 1602, William Shakespeare, Troilus and Cressida:
      No, make a lottery;
      And, by device, let blockish Ajax draw
      The sort to fight with Hector.
  12. (obsolete) A full set of anything, such as a pair of shoes, or a suit of clothes.[1]
Quotations
  • For quotations using this term, see Citations:sort.
Synonyms
  • (type): genre, genus, kind, type, variety
  • (person): character, individual, person, type
  • (act of sorting): sort-out
  • (in computing): sort algorithm, sorting algorithm
  • (typography): glyph, type
  • See also Thesaurus:class
Hyponyms
(computing) Algorithm for sorting a list of items
  • bead sort
  • binary tree sort
  • blort sort
  • bogo-sort
  • bozo sort
  • bozo sort
  • bubble sort
  • bucket sort
  • cocktail sort
  • comb sort
  • counting sort
  • distribution sort
  • drunk man sort
  • gnome sort
  • heapsort
  • in-place sort
  • insertion sort
  • introsort
  • introspective sort
  • library sort
  • mergesort
  • merge sort
  • monkey sort
  • pigeonhole sort
  • quicksort
  • radix sort
  • selection sort
  • shell sort
  • smoothsort
  • stochastic sort
  • stooge sort
  • stupid sort
  • timsort
Derived terms
(computing) Algorithm for sorting a list of items
  • allsorts
  • bogo-sort
  • heapsort
  • introsort
  • mergesort
  • quicksort
  • smoothsort
  • timsort
non-computer-specific terms related to "sort"
  • all sorts
  • in sort
  • out of sorts
  • sorta
  • sort of
  • sort out
  • that's your sort
Translations

Etymology 2

From Middle English sorten, borrowed from Old French sortir (“allot, sort”), from Latin sortire (“draw lots, divide, choose”), from sors.

Verb

sort (third-person singular simple present sorts, present participle sorting, simple past and past participle sorted)

  1. (transitive) To separate items into different categories according to certain criteria that determine their sorts.
    Synonyms: categorize, class, classify, group
    Sort the letters in those bags into a separate pile for each language.
    • 1704, Isaac Newton, Opticks:
      And seeing the Rays which differ in Refrangibility may be parted and sorted from one another, and that either by Refraction..., or by Reflexion..., and then the several sorts apart at equal Incidences suffer unequal Refractions,...; it's manifest that the Sun's Light is an heterogeneous Mixture of Rays..., as was proposed.
    • 1929, Percival Christopher Wren, Good Gestes, The McSnorrt Reminiscent:
      "Is there a man among ye has the Gaelic? ... Is there a man among ye can speak English even? ... Is there a man among ye at all? Ye gang o' lasceevious auld de'ils, decked oot like weemin, in spite o' yer hairy long whuskers, full beards and full skirts, ye deceitful besoms. Whuskers and petticoats wi' the vices o' both and the virtues o' neither. I'll sorrt ye." And there were sounds of alarums and excursions within.
    • 2017 August 27, Brandon Nowalk, “Game Of Thrones slows down for the longest, and best, episode of the season (newbies)”, in The Onion AV Club‎:
      Jaime finally leaves her [Cersei], walking right past his imminent executioner, and rides out of King’s Landing, finally neatly sorting our humans into good and evil and Bronn.
  2. (transitive) To arrange into some sequence, usually numerically, alphabetically or chronologically.
    Synonyms: order, rank
    Sort those bells into a row in ascending sequence of pitch.
  3. (transitive) To conjoin; to put together in distribution; to class.
    • 1635, Sylva Sylvarum, Or, A Naturall Historie in Ten Centuries‎:
      Shellfish have been, by some of the ancients, compared and sorted with insecta.
    • 1599, John Davies, Nosce Teipsum‎:
      For when she sorts things present with things past
      And thereby things to come doth oft foresee;
      When she doth doubt at first, and chuse at last,
      These acts her owne, without her body bee.
  4. (transitive, obsolete) To conform; to adapt; to accommodate.
    • ca 1591, William Shakespeare, Henry VI part 2:
      I pray thee, sort thy heart to patience.
  5. (transitive, obsolete) To choose from a number; to select; to cull.
    • 1616, George Chapman, The Odysseys of Homer‎:
      To send his mother to her father's house, that he may sort her out a worthy spouse
    • ca 1591, William Shakespeare, Henry VI part 1:
      I'll sort some other time to visit you.
  6. (intransitive) To join or associate with others, especially with others of the same kind or species; to agree.
    • 1625, Francis Bacon, Of Parents and Children:
      The illiberality of Parents in allowance towards their children is an harmefull error: makes them base; acquaints them with shifts, makes them sort with meane companie; and makes them surfet more, when they come to plenty.
    • 1695, John Woodward, An essay toward a natural history of the earth:
      Nor do Metalls only sort and herd with Metalls in the Earth : and Minerals with Minerals : but both indifferently and in common together: Iron with Vitriol, with Alum, with Sulphur: Copper with Sulphur, with Vitriol, &c. yea Iron, Copper, Lead, Nitre, Sulphur, Vitriol, and perhaps some more in one and the same Mass.
  7. (intransitive) To suit; to fit; to be in accord; to harmonize.
    • 1612, Francis Bacon, Of Nature in Men:
      They are happie men, whose natures sort with their vocations, otherwise they may say Multum incola fuit anima mea; when they converse in those things they doe not affect.
    • 1814, Walter Scott, Waverley:
      I cannot tell ye precisely how they sorted; but they agreed sae right that Donald was invited to dance at the wedding in his Highland trews, and they said that there was never sae meikle siller clinked in his purse either before or since.
  8. (Britain, colloquial, transitive) To fix (a problem) or handle (a task).
    Synonym: sort out
  9. (Britain, colloquial, transitive) To attack physically.
    Synonym: sort out
    If he comes nosing around here again I'll sort him!
  10. (transitive) To geld.
Usage notes
  • In British sense “to fix a problem”, often used in constructions like “I’ll get you sorted” or “Now that’s sorted” – in American and Australian usage sort out is used instead.
Conjugation
Conjugation of sort
infinitive(to) sort
present tensepast tense
1st-person singular sort sorted
2nd-person singular sort, sortest† sorted, sortedst†
3rd-person singular sorts, sorteth† sorted
plural sort
subjunctive sort sorted
imperative sort —
participles sorting sorted

†Archaic or obsolete.

Derived terms
  • re-sort, resort
  • sorted
  • sorting
  • sort out
Translations

Further reading

  • sort at OneLook Dictionary Search
  • sort in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911

References

  1. Samuel Johnson, "A Dictionary of the English Language", publisher=W. G. Jones year=1768

Anagrams

  • RTOS, RTOs, TROs, orts, rost, rots, tors

Catalan

Etymology

From Old Catalan sort, from Latin sortem, sors, from Proto-Italic *sortis, from Proto-Indo-European *ser- (“bind”).

Pronunciation

  • (Balearic, Valencian) IPA(key): /ˈsɔɾt/
  • (Central) IPA(key): /ˈsɔrt/
  • Audio(file)
  • Rhymes: -ɔɾt

Noun

sort f (uncountable)

  1. luck
    sort amb tot ― good luck with everything
  2. fortune

Derived terms

  • bona sort
  • dissort
  • mala sort
  • molta sort
  • per sort
  • sortejar

References

  • “sort” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
  • “sort”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2023
  • “sort” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
  • “sort” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

Danish

Etymology 1

From Old Norse svartr (“black”), from Proto-Germanic *swartaz, from Proto-Indo-European *swerd- (“dirty, dark, black”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ˈsoɐ̯d̥]

Adjective

sort

  1. black (absorbing most light)
  2. under the table; done in secret so as to avoid taxation
Inflection
Inflection of sort
PositiveComparativeSuperlative
Common singularsortsorteresortest2
Neuter singularsortsorteresortest2
Pluralsortesorteresortest2
Definite attributive1sortesorteresorteste
1) When an adjective is applied predicatively to something definite, the corresponding "indefinite" form is used.
2) The "indefinite" superlatives may not be used attributively.
Derived terms
  • (illicitly undisclosed): sort arbejde, sorte penge, sort marked
Descendants
  • Norwegian Bokmål: sort

Adverb

sort

  1. under the table; secretly, so as to avoid taxation
Derived terms
  • arbejde sort

See also

  • den sorte bog
  • den sorte gryde
  • den sorte klap går ned
  • den sorte liste
  • det sorte marked
  • gøre sort til hvidt
  • gå i sort
  • sort af mennesker
  • sort boks
  • sort eller hvidt
  • sort får
  • sort hul
  • sort humor
  • sort magi
  • sort plet
  • sort på hvidt
  • sort sol
  • tale sort
  • veksle sort

References

  • “sort,2” in Den Danske Ordbog

Etymology 2

Borrowed from French sorte (“class, kind”), from Latin sors (“lot, fate”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ˈsɒˀd̥]

Noun

sort c (singular definite sorten, plural indefinite sorter)

  1. sort, kind
  2. quality
  3. brand
  4. (botany) cultivar
Declension
Declension of sort
common
gender		SingularPlural
indefinitedefiniteindefinitedefinite
nominativesortsortensortersorterne
genitivesortssortenssorterssorternes

References

  • “sort,1” in Den Danske Ordbog

Estonian

Etymology

From German Sorte.

Noun

sort (genitive sordi, partitive sorti)

  1. kind, sort, brand

Declension

Declension of sort (type riik)
singularplural
nominativesortsordid
genitivesordisortide
partitivesortisorte / sortisid
illativesorti / sordissesortidesse / sordesse
inessivesordissortides / sordes
elativesordistsortidest / sordest
allativesordilesortidele / sordele
adessivesordilsortidel / sordel
ablativesordiltsortidelt / sordelt
translativesordikssortideks / sordeks
terminativesordinisortideni
essivesordinasortidena
abessivesorditasortideta
comitativesordigasortidega

French

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /sɔʁ/
  • Audio(file)
  • Homophone: sors
  • Rhymes: -ɔʁ

Etymology 1

From Old French sort, from Latin sortem, accusative singular of sors, from Proto-Italic *sortis, from Proto-Indo-European *ser- (“to bind”). Cf. also the borrowed doublet sorte.

Noun

sort m (plural sorts)

  1. fate, destiny (consequences or effects predetermined by past events or a divine will)
    Je suis tombé amoureux de lui depuis le premier jour où je l'ai vu. C'était le sort. ― I fell in love with him since the first day I laid eyes on him. It was destiny.
  2. lot (something used in determining a question by chance)
  3. spell (magical incantation)
Usage notes

Abstract nouns (a noun denoting an idea, quality, or state rather than a concrete object) in French [and other Romance languages] use definite articles prior to the noun—unlike English. I.e. C'était le sort qui nous a réunis = It was fate that brought us together.

Derived terms
  • coup du sort
  • de sorte que
  • faire un sort
  • ironie du sort
  • le sort en est jeté
  • mauvais sort
  • tirage au sort
  • tirer au sort
  • sorcier
  • sorte
  • sortir

Etymology 2

See sortir.

Verb

sort

  1. third-person singular present indicative of sortir

Further reading

  • “sort”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Friulian

Alternative forms

  • sord (alternative orthography)

Etymology

From Latin surdus.

Adjective

sort

  1. deaf
  • sordine

See also

  • mut

Hungarian

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ˈʃort]
  • Rhymes: -ort

Etymology 1

Borrowed from English shorts.[1]

Noun

sort (plural sortok)

  1. shorts (pants worn primarily in the summer that do not go lower than the knees)
Declension
Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony)
singularplural
nominativesortsortok
accusativesortotsortokat
dativesortnaksortoknak
instrumentalsorttalsortokkal
causal-finalsortértsortokért
translativesorttásortokká
terminativesortigsortokig
essive-formalsortkéntsortokként
essive-modal——
inessivesortbansortokban
superessivesortonsortokon
adessivesortnálsortoknál
illativesortbasortokba
sublativesortrasortokra
allativesorthozsortokhoz
elativesortbólsortokból
delativesortrólsortokról
ablativesorttólsortoktól
non-attributive
possessive - singular		sortésortoké
non-attributive
possessive - plural		sortéisortokéi
Possessive forms of sort
possessorsingle possessionmultiple possessions
1st person sing.sortomsortjaim
2nd person sing.sortodsortjaid
3rd person sing.sortjasortjai
1st person pluralsortunksortjaink
2nd person pluralsortotoksortjaitok
3rd person pluralsortjuksortjaik
Synonyms
  • rövidnadrág

Etymology 2

sor +‎ -t

Noun

sort

  1. accusative singular of sor
Derived terms
  • sort kerít

References

  1. sort in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN.  (See also its 2nd edition.)

Norman

Etymology

From Old French sort, from Latin sors, sortem.

Noun

sort m (plural sorts)

  1. (Jersey) fate

Synonyms

  • destinné (“fate, destiny”)

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology 1

From Danish sort, from Old Danish sort, swort, swart, from Old Norse svartr, from Proto-Germanic *swartaz, from Proto-Indo-European *swordo- (“dirty, dark, black”).

Alternative forms

  • svart

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /suʈ/
  • Rhymes: -uʈ

Adjective

sort (neuter singular sort, definite singular and plural sorte, comparative sortere, indefinite plural sortest, definite plural sorteste)

  1. black (colour)
  2. illegal; in avoidance of taxes

Etymology 2

Borrowed from French sorte.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /sɔʈ/
  • Rhymes: -ɔʈ

Noun

sort m (definite singular sorten, indefinite plural sorter, definite plural sortene)

  1. a sort, kind or type

References

  • “sort” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

Borrowed from French sorte.

Noun

sort m (definite singular sorten, indefinite plural sortar, definite plural sortane)

  1. a sort, kind or type

References

  • “sort” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Plautdietsch

Noun

sort f (plural Sorten)

  1. sort, kind, type, ilk, variety

Polish

Etymology

Borrowed from French sorte, from Old French sorte, from Latin sors, sortem.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /sɔrt/
  • Audio(file)
  • Rhymes: -ɔrt
  • Syllabification: sort

Noun

sort m inan

  1. (colloquial) sort (type)
    Synonyms: gatunek, rodzaj

Declension

Declension of sort
singularplural
nominativesortsorty
genitivesortusortów
dativesortowisortom
accusativesortsorty
instrumentalsortemsortami
locativesorciesortach
vocativesorciesorty

Derived terms

nouns
  • sortomierz
  • sortowacz
  • sortowaczka
  • sortownia
  • sortownica
  • sortownik
verbs
  • posortować
  • przesortować
  • sortować
  • wysortować
adjective
  • sortowniczy
noun
  • sorter
noun phrase
  • sortownik papierniczy

Further reading

  • sort in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • sort in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Romanian

Etymology

From French sorte.

Noun

sort n (plural sorturi)

  1. sort, kind, variety

Declension

Declension of sort
singularplural
indefinite articulationdefinite articulationindefinite articulationdefinite articulation
nominative/accusative(un) sortsortul(niște) sorturisorturile
genitive/dative(unui) sortsortului(unor) sorturisorturilor
vocativesortulesorturilor

Swedish

Etymology

Borrowed from French sorte.

Pronunciation

  • audio(file)

Noun

sort c

  1. sort, kind

Declension

Declension of sort 
SingularPlural
IndefiniteDefiniteIndefiniteDefinite
Nominativesortsortensortersorterna
Genitivesortssortenssorterssorternas

Synonyms

  • slag

See also

  • sorts

Anagrams

  • Tors, orts, rost, rots, stor, tros
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