solus
See also: Solus
English
Etymology
From Latin sōlus.
Adjective
solus (not comparable)
- alone, unaccompanied (as a stage direction)
Anagrams
- souls
Latin
Etymology
| PIE word |
|---|
| *swé |
- Often derived from earlier *swolos, from Proto-Italic *swelos, from Proto-Indo-European *swé (reflexive pronoun) (whence se (“oneself”)) + *-los, hence meaning "by oneself";
- De Vaan refers it to *solh₂- (“whole, healthy”), which would make it akin to sollus and salvus.
- Others connect it with Proto-Germanic *sēliz (Gothic 𐍃𐌴𐌻𐍃 (sēls, “happy, good”), Old English sēlra (“better”)), from Proto-Indo-European *selh₂- (whence sōlor (“to console”)).
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈsoː.lus/, [ˈs̠oːɫ̪ʊs̠]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈso.lus/, [ˈsɔːlus]
Adjective
sōlus (feminine sōla, neuter sōlum); first/second-declension adjective (pronominal)
- alone, sole, only, by oneself with no others around
- solitary, uninhabited
Declension
First/second-declension adjective (pronominal).
| Number | Singular | Plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case / Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |
| Nominative | sōlus | sōla | sōlum | sōlī | sōlae | sōla | |
| Genitive | sōlī̆us | sōlōrum | sōlārum | sōlōrum | |||
| Dative | sōlī | sōlīs | |||||
| Accusative | sōlum | sōlam | sōlum | sōlōs | sōlās | sōla | |
| Ablative | sōlō | sōlā | sōlō | sōlīs | |||
| Vocative | sōle | sōla | sōlum | sōlī | sōlae | sōla | |
Derived terms
- dēsōlō
- Sōlifidiānus
- sōligenitus
- sōlitārius
- sōlitās
- sōlitātim
- sōlitūdo
- sōlum
Descendants
- Asturian: solu
- Catalan: sol, sols
- Old French: sol
- → English: sole
- French: seul
- Friulian: sôl
- Istriot: sulo
- Italian: solo
- → English: solo
- → French: solo
- → Portuguese: solo
- Occitan: sol
- Old Portuguese: soo, sol
- Galician: só
- Portuguese: só
- Romansch: sul
- Sardinian: solus (medieval), solu, sou
- Sicilian: sulu
- Spanish: solo
References
- De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “sōlus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 573
- “solus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “solus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- solus in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- solus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
- Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book, London: Macmillan and Co.
- (ambiguous) sunrise; sunset: ortus, occasus solis
- (ambiguous) an eclipse of the sun: solis defectio
- (ambiguous) to be dried up by the sun's heat: ardore solis torreri
- (ambiguous) the east winds are blowing: venti ab ortu solis flant
- (ambiguous) to be situate to the north-west: spectare inter occasum solis et septentriones
- (ambiguous) Solon, one of the seven sages: Solo, unus de septem (illis)
- (ambiguous) Solo ordained by law that..: Solo lege sanxit, ut or ne
- (ambiguous) to leave one's country (only used of exiles): solum vertere, mutare (Caecin. 34. 100)
- (ambiguous) Solon made it a capital offence to..: Solo capite sanxit, si quis... (Att. 10. 1)
- (ambiguous) to raze a town to the ground: oppidum solo aequare
- (ambiguous) this is as clear as daylight: hoc est luce (sole ipso) clarius
- (ambiguous) sunrise; sunset: ortus, occasus solis
- “solus”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898) Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “solus”, in William Smith, editor (1854, 1857) A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography, volume 1 & 2, London: Walton and Maberly
Middle Irish
Etymology
From Old Irish solus.
Adjective
solus
- bright
- (of sound) clear
- (intellectually) clear, lucid
Noun
solus m
- light
- clarity, intelligibility
Derived terms
- solusta
Descendants
- Irish: solas
- Manx: sollys
- Scottish Gaelic: solas
Mutation
| Middle Irish mutation | ||
|---|---|---|
| Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
| solus | ṡolus | unchanged |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | ||
Further reading
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “solus”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Old Irish
Etymology
so- + lés (compare Middle Irish dolus)
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈsolus/
Adjective
solus (equative soilsidir)
- bright, clear
Inflection
| u-stem | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | solus | solus | solus |
| Vocative | solus | ||
| Accusative | solus | soluis | |
| Genitive | soluis | soilse | soluis |
| Dative | solus | soluis | solus |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine/neuter | |
| Nominative | soilsi | soilsi | |
| Vocative | soilsi | ||
| Accusative | soilsi | ||
| Genitive | * | ||
| Dative | soilsib | ||
| Notes | *not attested in Old Irish; same as nominative singular masculine in Middle Irish | ||
Derived terms
- follus
Descendants
- Middle Irish: solus
- Irish: solas
- Manx: sollys
- Scottish Gaelic: solas
Mutation
| Old Irish mutation | ||
|---|---|---|
| Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
| solus | ṡolus | unchanged |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | ||
Further reading
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “solus”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Sardinian
Etymology
From Latin solus (“alone (adj.)”).
Adverb
solus
- (obsolete, archaic) alone, by oneself
References
Hall, Robert Anderson. 1984. Proto-Romance morphology: Comparative Romance grammar. Philadelphia: John Benjamins. Page 31.