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单词 sole
释义

sole

See also: Sole, solé, solę, søle, sołe, and so le

English

Pronunciation

  • enPR: sōl
    • (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /səʊl/, [sɒʊɫ]
    • (New Zealand, General Australian) IPA(key): /sɐʉl/, [sɒʊɫ]
    • (General American) IPA(key): /soʊl/
    • Audio (GA)(file)
  • Rhymes: -əʊl
  • Homophones: Seoul, soul, sowl

Etymology 1

From Middle English sole, soule, from Old French sol, soul (“alone”), from Latin sōlus (“alone, single, solitary, lonely”). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *swé (reflexive pronoun). Perhaps related to Old Latin sollus (“whole, complete”), from Proto-Indo-European *solh₂- (“safe, healthy”). More at save.

Adjective

sole (not comparable)

  1. Only.
    Synonyms: see Thesaurus:sole
    • 1905, H. G. Wells, The Empire of the Ants
      He saw now clearly that the sole crew of the vessel was these two dead men, and though he could not see their faces, he saw by their outstretched hands, which were all of ragged flesh, that they had been subjected to some strange exceptional process of decay.
  2. (law) Unmarried (especially of a woman); widowed.
    Synonym: lone
  3. Unique; unsurpassed.
    The sole brilliance of this gem.
  4. With independent power; unfettered.
    A sole authority.
Derived terms
  • sole right
Translations

Etymology 2

The sole (1) of a boy's foot

From Middle English sole, soole, from Old English sole, solu. Reinforced by Anglo-Norman sole, Old French sole, from Vulgar Latin *sola (“bottom of the shoe”, also “flatfish”), from Latin solea (“sandal, bottom of the shoe”), from Proto-Indo-European *swol- (“sole”). Cognate with Dutch zool (“sole, tread”), German Sohle (“sole, insole, bottom, floor”), Danish sål (“sole”), Icelandic sóli (“sole, outsole”), Gothic 𐍃𐌿𐌻𐌾𐌰 (sulja, “sandal”). Related to Latin solum (“bottom, ground, soil”). More at soil.

Alternative forms

  • soal

Noun

sole (plural soles)

  1. (anatomy) The bottom or plantar surface of the foot.
    Synonym: (medical term) planta
  2. (footwear) The bottom of a shoe or boot.
    • 1727, John Arbuthnot, Tables of Ancient Coins, Weights and Measures. Explain'd and exemplify'd in several dissertations, page 147:
      The Caliga was a military Shoe, with a very thick Sole, tied above the instep with leather Thongs.
  3. (obsolete) The foot itself.
    • 1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book I, Canto X”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, OCLC 960102938, stanza 9:
      Hast wandred through the world now long a day;Yet ceasest not thy wearie soles to lead
    • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], OCLC 964384981, Genesis 8:9:
      But the doue found no rest for the sole of her foote, and she returned vnto him into the Arke: […]
  4. (zoology) Solea solea, a flatfish of the family Soleidae.
  5. The bottom or lower part of anything, or that on which anything rests in standing.
    1. The bottom of the body of a plough; the slade.
    2. The bottom of a furrow.
    3. The end section of the chanter of a set of bagpipes.
    4. The horny substance under a horse's foot, which protects the more tender parts.
      Coordinate term: frog
    5. (military) The bottom of an embrasure.
    6. (nautical) A piece of timber attached to the lower part of the rudder, to make it even with the false keel.
      • 1842, The Nautical Magazine:
        The rudder remains to be repaired, and is unshipped for the purpose; the sole of it is entirely gone
    7. (nautical) The floor inside the cabin of a yacht or boat
  6. (mining) The seat or bottom of a mine; applied to horizontal veins or lodes.
Derived terms
  • insole
  • midsole
  • outsole
Descendants
  • → Hebrew: סוֹל‎ (sol)
Translations

Verb

sole (third-person singular simple present soles, present participle soling, simple past and past participle soled)

  1. (transitive) to put a sole on (a shoe or boot)
Derived terms
  • resole
Translations

Etymology 3

From Middle English sole, soole, from Old English sāl (“a rope, cord, line, bond, rein, door-hinge, necklace, collar”), from Proto-Germanic *sailą, *sailaz (“rope, cable”), *sailō (“noose, rein, bondage”), from Proto-Indo-European *sey- (“to tie to, tie together”). Cognate with Scots sale, saile (“halter, collar”), Dutch zeel (“rope, cord, strap”), German Seil (“rope, cable, wire”), Icelandic seil (“a string, line”). Non-Germanic cognates include Albanian dell (“sinew, vein”).

Noun

sole (plural soles)

  1. (dialectal or obsolete) A wooden band or yoke put around the neck of an ox or cow in the stall.

Etymology 4

From Middle English sol, from Old English sol (“mire, miry place”), from Proto-Germanic *sulą (“mire, wallow, mud”), from Proto-Indo-European *sūl- (“thick liquid”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian soal (“ditch”), Dutch sol (“water and mud filled pit”), German Suhle (“mire, wallow”), Norwegian saula, søyla (“mud puddle”). More at soil.

Alternative forms

  • soal

Noun

sole (plural soles)

  1. (dialectal, Northern England) A pond or pool; a dirty pond of standing water.

Etymology 5

From earlier sowle (“to pull by the ear”). Origin unknown. Perhaps from sow (“female pig”) +‎ -le, as in the phrase "take a sow by the wrong ear", or from Middle English sole (“rope”). See above.

Alternative forms

  • soal, sowl

Verb

sole (third-person singular simple present soles, present participle soling, simple past and past participle soled)

  1. (transitive, UK dialectal) To pull by the ears; to pull about; haul; lug.

Anagrams

  • EOLs, ESOL, Elos, LEOs, Leos, Lose, OELs, elos, leos, lose, selo, sloe

Czech

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ˈsolɛ]

Verb

sole

  1. masculine singular present transgressive of solit

Danish

Noun

sole c

  1. indefinite plural of sol

Esperanto

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ˈsole]
  • Audio:
    (file)
  • Rhymes: -ole
  • Hyphenation: so‧le

Adverb

sole

  1. solely
  • sola

French

Etymology

From Vulgar Latin *sola, from Latin solea.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /sɔl/
  • audio(file)

Noun

sole f (plural soles)

  1. (zoology) sole (fish)
  2. sole, the bottom of a hoof
  3. (carpentry) sole, a piece of timber, a joist
  4. (agriculture) a piece of land devoted to crop rotation

Derived terms

  • solive

Further reading

  • “sole”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Hawaiian Creole

Etymology

From Samoan sole (“man, dude, friend”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /so.le/

Noun

sole

  1. a person of (usually local) Samoan descent

Italian

Rappresentazione del sole – Depiction of the sun

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈso.le/
  • Rhymes: -ole
  • Hyphenation: só‧le

Etymology 1

From Sole, from Latin sōlem, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *sóh₂wl̥. Cognates include Greek ήλιος (ílios), Icelandic sól, Hindi सूर्य (sūrya), and Russian со́лнце (sólnce).

Noun

sole m (plural soli, diminutive (colloquial) solicèllo or (uncommon) solicìno)

  1. (colloquial, astronomy) star (for extension of Sole)
    Synonym: stella
  2. (heraldry) sun (a star in heraldry)
  3. (alchemy) gold
    Synonym: oro
  4. sunlight
    • 1807, Ugo Foscolo, Dei Sepolcri‎, Molini, Landi e comp., published 1809, page 20:
      E tu onore di pianti, Ettore, avrai ¶ […] finché il Sole ¶ Risplenderà sulle sciagure umane.
      And you, Hector, will be honored with cryings ¶ […] as long as the Sun ¶ will shine on the misfortunes of mankind.
  5. (poetic) daytime, day (the interval between sunrise and sunset)
    • 1504, Jacopo Sannazaro, Arcadia:
      quattro soli e altretante lune il mio corpo né da cibo né da sonno fu riconfortato
      for four days and as many nights, my body hadn't been comforted by either food or sleep
    • 1516, Ludovico Ariosto, Orlando Furioso [Raging Roland]‎, Venice: Printed by Gabriel Giolito, published 1551, Canto XXXV, page 164:
      Poi diſſe andiamo; e nel ſeguente ſole ¶ Giunſero al fiume
      He then said "Let us go"; and in the following day ¶ they reached the river
    • 1581, Torquato Tasso, Gerusalemme liberata [Jerusalem Delivered]‎, Erasmo Viotti, Canto XIX, page 441:
      Goffredo alloggia ne la Terra: e vuole ¶ Rinouar poi l'aſſalto al nouo Sole
      Within the land Godfrey would lodge that night, ¶ and with the day renew the assault and fight.
    • 1825, Vincenzo Monti, transl., Iliade [Iliad]‎, Milan: Giovanni Resnati e Gius. Bernardoni di Gio, translation of Ἰλιάς (Iliás) by Homer, published 1840, Book XIX, page 424:
      Intero un sole al lagrimar si doni; ¶ Poi con coraggio, chi morì s'intombi
      Let an entire day be dedicated to the mourning; ¶ then with bravery, let us bury those who died
  6. (poetic) year
    • 1321, Dante Alighieri, La divina commedia: Inferno [The Divine Comedy: Hell] (paperback), 12th edition, Le Monnier, published 1994, Canto VI, lines 67–69, page 94:
      Poi appresso convien che questa caggia ¶ infra tre soli, e che l'altra sormonti ¶ con la forza di tal che testé piaggia.
      Then afterwards behoves it this one fall ¶ within three suns, and rise again the other ¶ by force of him who now is on the coast.
  7. (poetic, in the plural) eyes
    • 1516, Ludovico Ariosto, Orlando Furioso [Raging Roland]‎, Venice: Printed by Gabriel Giolito, published 1551, Canto VII, page 26:
      Sotto duo negri e ſottilisſimi archi ¶ Son duo negri occhi, anzi duo chiari Soli
      Below two thin, black eyebrows ¶ are two black eyes; nay, two bright suns
  • assolato
  • girasole
  • insolazione
  • occhiali da sole
  • parasole
  • prendisole
  • solare
  • solatio
  • soleggiare
  • solleone
  • solstizio

See also

  • alba
  • eclisse solare
  • luna
  • sistema solare
  • stella
  • tramonto

Further reading

  • sole on the Italian Wikipedia.Wikipedia it
  • sole in Dizionario Italiano Olivetti, Olivetti Media Communication
  • sole in Collins Italian-English Dictionary

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Adjective

sole

  1. feminine plural of solo

Noun

sole f

  1. plural of sola

Anagrams

  • leso

Latin

Etymology 1

See sōl.

Pronunciation

  • (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈsoː.le/, [ˈs̠oːɫ̪ɛ]
  • (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈso.le/, [ˈsɔːle]

Noun

sōle

  1. ablative singular of sōl

Etymology 2

See sōlus.

Pronunciation

  • (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈsoː.le/, [ˈs̠oːɫ̪ɛ]
  • (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈso.le/, [ˈsɔːle]

Adjective

sōle

  1. vocative masculine singular of sōlus

Neapolitan

Etymology

From Latin sōl.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈsolə/

Noun

sole m

  1. Sun
    Steva chiuvenno, po' è asciuto 'o sole. ― It was raining, then the sun came out.

Norman

Etymology

From Vulgar Latin *sola, from Latin solea.

Noun

sole f (plural soles)

  1. sole (fish)

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

Probably from the noun sol

Verb

sole (imperative sol, present tense soler, passive -, simple past sola or solet or solte, past participle sola or solet or solt, present participle solende)

  1. (reflexive, sole seg) to sunbathe, sun oneself, bask (also figurative)

References

  • “sole” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /skuːlə/

Etymology 1

From Old Norse sóli m, from Latin solum (“bottom, ground”).

Noun

sole m (definite singular solen, indefinite plural solar, definite plural solane)

  1. (anatomy) a sole (bottom or plantar surface of the foot)
  2. (footwear) a sole (bottom of a shoe or boot)
Derived terms
  • binnsole m
  • fotsole m
  • gummisole m
  • halvsole m
  • innleggssole m
  • solegangar m, solegjengar m
  • solelêr n
  • vaffelsole m

Verb

sole (present tense solar, past tense sola, past participle sola, passive infinitive solast, present participle solande, imperative sole/sol)

  1. to apply a sole to footwear
Alternative forms
  • sola (a-infinitive)
Derived terms
  • soling f

See also

  • såle (Bokmål)

Etymology 2

From the noun sol f (“sun”).

Alternative forms

  • sola (a-infinitive)

Verb

sole (present tense solar, past tense sola, past participle sola, passive infinitive solast, present participle solande, imperative sole/sol)

  1. (reflexive) to sunbathe
  2. (reflexive, figurative) to bask
  3. (transitive) to expose to the sun
Derived terms
  • soling f

References

  • “sole” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Anagrams

  • lose, Sola, sloe

Old English

Alternative forms

  • solu

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin solea, from solum (“bottom, base”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *swol-.

Noun

sole f

  1. sole
  2. shoe, sandal

Declension

Declension of sole (weak)
CaseSingularPlural
nominativesolesolan
accusativesolansolan
genitivesolansolena
dativesolansolum

Descendants

  • Middle English: sole, soole
    • English: sole
    • Scots: sole

References

  • Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller (1898), “sole”, in An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary, 2nd edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • John R. Clark Hall (1916), “sole”, in A Concise Anglo-Saxon Dictionary, 2nd edition, New York: Macmillan

Old French

Adjective

sole f

  1. oblique/nominative feminine singular of sol

Polish

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈsɔ.lɛ/
  • Audio(file)
  • Rhymes: -ɔlɛ
  • Syllabification: so‧le
  • Homophone: solę

Noun

sole

  1. nominative/accusative/vocative plural of sól

Noun

sole

  1. nominative/accusative/vocative plural of sola

Noun

sole

  1. nominative/accusative/vocative plural of sol

Portuguese

Verb

sole

  1. inflection of solar:
    1. first/third-person singular present subjunctive
    2. third-person singular imperative

Serbo-Croatian

Verb

sole (Cyrillic spelling соле)

  1. third-person plural present of soliti
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