sofocar
Spanish
Etymology
From Latin suffōcō. Cognate with English suffocate.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /sofoˈkaɾ/ [so.foˈkaɾ]
Audio (Colombia) (file) - Rhymes: -aɾ
- Syllabification: so‧fo‧car
Verb
sofocar (first-person singular present sofoco, first-person singular preterite sofoqué, past participle sofocado)
- to suffocate, to stifle, to smother
- to quell, to suppress, to put down, to crush, to quash, to squelch
- Intentábamos sofocar la rebelión antes de que empezara.
- We were trying to quell the rebellion before it started.
Conjugation
Conjugation of sofocar (c-qu alternation) (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)
infinitive | sofocar | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | sofocando | ||||||
past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
singular | sofocado | sofocada | |||||
plural | sofocados | sofocadas | |||||
singular | plural | ||||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
indicative | yo | tú vos | él/ella/ello usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ellos/ellas ustedes | |
present | sofoco | sofocastú sofocásvos | sofoca | sofocamos | sofocáis | sofocan | |
imperfect | sofocaba | sofocabas | sofocaba | sofocábamos | sofocabais | sofocaban | |
preterite | sofoqué | sofocaste | sofocó | sofocamos | sofocasteis | sofocaron | |
future | sofocaré | sofocarás | sofocará | sofocaremos | sofocaréis | sofocarán | |
conditional | sofocaría | sofocarías | sofocaría | sofocaríamos | sofocaríais | sofocarían | |
subjunctive | yo | tú vos | él/ella/ello usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ellos/ellas ustedes | |
present | sofoque | sofoquestú sofoquésvos2 | sofoque | sofoquemos | sofoquéis | sofoquen | |
imperfect (ra) | sofocara | sofocaras | sofocara | sofocáramos | sofocarais | sofocaran | |
imperfect (se) | sofocase | sofocases | sofocase | sofocásemos | sofocaseis | sofocasen | |
future1 | sofocare | sofocares | sofocare | sofocáremos | sofocareis | sofocaren | |
imperative | — | tú vos | usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ustedes | |
affirmative | sofocatú sofocávos | sofoque | sofoquemos | sofocad | sofoquen | ||
negative | no sofoques | no sofoque | no sofoquemos | no sofoquéis | no sofoquen |
1Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
2Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
Selected combined forms of sofocar (c-qu alternation)
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.
singular | plural | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
with infinitive sofocar | |||||||
dative | sofocarme | sofocarte | sofocarle, sofocarse | sofocarnos | sofocaros | sofocarles, sofocarse | |
accusative | sofocarme | sofocarte | sofocarlo, sofocarla, sofocarse | sofocarnos | sofocaros | sofocarlos, sofocarlas, sofocarse | |
with gerund sofocando | |||||||
dative | sofocándome | sofocándote | sofocándole, sofocándose | sofocándonos | sofocándoos | sofocándoles, sofocándose | |
accusative | sofocándome | sofocándote | sofocándolo, sofocándola, sofocándose | sofocándonos | sofocándoos | sofocándolos, sofocándolas, sofocándose | |
with informal second-person singular tú imperative sofoca | |||||||
dative | sofócame | sofócate | sofócale | sofócanos | not used | sofócales | |
accusative | sofócame | sofócate | sofócalo, sofócala | sofócanos | not used | sofócalos, sofócalas | |
with informal second-person singular vos imperative sofocá | |||||||
dative | sofocame | sofocate | sofocale | sofocanos | not used | sofocales | |
accusative | sofocame | sofocate | sofocalo, sofocala | sofocanos | not used | sofocalos, sofocalas | |
with formal second-person singular imperative sofoque | |||||||
dative | sofóqueme | not used | sofóquele, sofóquese | sofóquenos | not used | sofóqueles | |
accusative | sofóqueme | not used | sofóquelo, sofóquela, sofóquese | sofóquenos | not used | sofóquelos, sofóquelas | |
with first-person plural imperative sofoquemos | |||||||
dative | not used | sofoquémoste | sofoquémosle | sofoquémonos | sofoquémoos | sofoquémosles | |
accusative | not used | sofoquémoste | sofoquémoslo, sofoquémosla | sofoquémonos | sofoquémoos | sofoquémoslos, sofoquémoslas | |
with informal second-person plural imperative sofocad | |||||||
dative | sofocadme | not used | sofocadle | sofocadnos | sofocaos | sofocadles | |
accusative | sofocadme | not used | sofocadlo, sofocadla | sofocadnos | sofocaos | sofocadlos, sofocadlas | |
with formal second-person plural imperative sofoquen | |||||||
dative | sofóquenme | not used | sofóquenle | sofóquennos | not used | sofóquenles, sofóquense | |
accusative | sofóquenme | not used | sofóquenlo, sofóquenla | sofóquennos | not used | sofóquenlos, sofóquenlas, sofóquense |
Derived terms
- sofocador
- sofocamiento
- sofocante
- sofoco
Related terms
- sofocación
Further reading
- “sofocar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014