skābt
Latvian
Etymology
From an earlier *skābti, from Proto-Baltic *skāb-ti/tey, from Proto-Indo-European *skēb-, *skēbʰ- (“to slice, to cut with a sharp tool”), from the stem *sek- (“to cut”) with an extra -b(ʰ). The semantic change, apparently exclusive to Balto-Slavic languages, was: “to cut” > “to become sharp (by, for cutting)” > “to become sharp (in taste)” > “to become sour, acid.” Cognates include Lithuanian skõbti (“to carve, to hollow out, to pluck”), dialectal skóbti (“to go sour”), Old Church Slavonic скобль (skoblĭ, “scraper”), Russian ско́бель (skóbelʹ, “plane iron, scraper”), Bulgarian хо́бя (hóbja, “to damage”), Gothic 𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌽 (skaban, “to shear”), Old High German scaba (“plane”), German schaben (“to scrape, to scrub”), Latin scabō (“to scratch, to scrape”).[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [skâːpt]
Verb
skābt intr., 1st conj., pres. skābstu, skābsti, skābst, past skābu
- (usually 3rd person) to become, go sour, acid
- piens siltumā skābst ― milk goes sour in the heat
- piens sācis skābt ― the milk has begun to go sour
- augsnēm ar lielu ūdens daudzumu ir pastiprināta tieksme skābt un kļūt nederīgām tādu kultūru audzēšanā, kas skābumu nepacieš ― soils with a large amount of water have an increased propensity to acidify and become unfit for those cultures that cannot endure acidity
- (of people) to become sour, surly, irritated, frustrated
- mājās ķildīga sieva lai skābst, / pilsonis ruma un mīlas slāpst ― let the peevish wife go sour at home, / a citizen is thirsty for love and rum
- bet vai tad ne no šā, ne no tā var tikai skābt? nebūt ne! ja vien cilvēks pēc dabas nav sirdīgs īgņa ― but should one really go sour not from this, not from that (= for no reason)? not at all! unless one is by nature a grumbler
Conjugation
| INDICATIVE (īstenības izteiksme) | IMPERATIVE (pavēles izteiksme) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (tagadne) | Past (pagātne) | Future (nākotne) | |||
| 1st pers. sg. | es | skābstu | skābu | skābšu | — |
| 2nd pers. sg. | tu | skābsti | skābi | skābsi | skābsti |
| 3rd pers. sg. | viņš, viņa | skābst | skāba | skābs | lai skābst |
| 1st pers. pl. | mēs | skābstam | skābām | skābsim | skābsim |
| 2nd pers. pl. | jūs | skābstat | skābāt | skābsiet, skābsit | skābstiet |
| 3rd pers. pl. | viņi, viņas | skābst | skāba | skābs | lai skābst |
| RENARRATIVE (atstāstījuma izteiksme) | PARTICIPLES (divdabji) | ||||
| Present | skābstot | Present Active 1 (Adj.) | skābstošs | ||
| Past | esot skābis | Present Active 2 (Adv.) | skābdams | ||
| Future | skābšot | Present Active 3 (Adv.) | skābstot | ||
| Imperative | lai skābstot | Present Active 4 (Obj.) | skābstam | ||
| CONDITIONAL (vēlējuma izteiksme) | Past Active | skābis | |||
| Present | skābtu | Present Passive | — | ||
| Past | būtu skābis | Past Passive | — | ||
| DEBITIVE (vajadzības izteiksme) | NOMINAL FORMS | ||||
| Indicative | (būt) jāskābst | Infinitive (nenoteiksme) | skābt | ||
| Conjunctive 1 | esot jāskābst | Negative Infinitive | neskābt | ||
| Conjunctive 2 | jāskābstot | Verbal noun | skābšana | ||
Derived terms
- prefixed verbs:
- apskābt
- ieskābt
- paskābt
- pieskābt
- pārskābt
- saskābt
- other derived terms:
- skābināt
Related terms
- skābe
- skābeklis
- skābs, skābums
- skābēt
References
- Karulis, Konstantīns (1992), “skābt”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN