skulu
Icelandic
Etymology
From Old Norse skulu, skolu, from Proto-Germanic *skulaną.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈskʏːlʏ/
- Rhymes: -ʏːlʏ
Verb
skulu (first person singular present indicative skal, first person plural past subjunctive skyldi)
- shall, must
- Luke 6:29 (English, Icelandic)
- Slái þig einhver á kinnina, skaltu og bjóða hina, og taki einhver yfirhöfn þína, skaltu ekki varna honum að taka kyrtilinn líka.
- If someone strikes you on one cheek, turn to him the other also. If someone takes your cloak, do not stop him from taking your tunic.
- Slái þig einhver á kinnina, skaltu og bjóða hina, og taki einhver yfirhöfn þína, skaltu ekki varna honum að taka kyrtilinn líka.
- Einar Benediktsson
- Aðgát skal höfð í nærveru sálar.
- Exercise caution in the presence of a soul.
- Þú skalt ekki taka bílinn minn!
- You shall not take my car!
- Þú skalt ekki morð fremja.
- Thou shalt not kill.
- Luke 6:29 (English, Icelandic)
- to need
- (an emphatic verb) to will!
- Þú skalt sjá!
- You will see!
- to will
- Ég skal svara símanum.
- I'll pick up the phone.
- (encouragement) let us, shall
- Við skulum fara í bíó.
- Let's go to the movies.
Synonyms
- (shall): eiga
- (need): þurfa
Derived terms
- með lögum skal land byggja
Old Norse
Alternative forms
- skolu
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *skulaną, from Proto-Indo-European *skel- (“to be obligated, owe, be guilty”). Cognate to Old English sculan (“to be obligated or obliged to, shall, must, owe, ought to”) (English shall).
Verb
skulu (first person singular present indicative skal, first person plural past subjunctive skyldi)
- shall, must
Conjugation
Conjugation of skulu (preterite-present)
| infinitive | skulu | |
|---|---|---|
| present participle | skulandi | |
| past participle | – | |
| indicative | present | past |
| 1st-person singular | skal | skylda |
| 2nd-person singular | skalt | skyldir |
| 3rd-person singular | skal | skyldi |
| 1st-person plural | skulum | skyldum |
| 2nd-person plural | skuluð | skylduð |
| 3rd-person plural | skulu | skyldu |
| subjunctive | present | past |
| 1st-person singular | skula | skylda |
| 2nd-person singular | skulir | skyldir |
| 3rd-person singular | skuli | skyldi |
| 1st-person plural | skulim | skyldim |
| 2nd-person plural | skulið | skyldið |
| 3rd-person plural | skuli | skyldi |
| imperative | present | |
| 2nd-person singular | skul | |
| 1st-person plural | skulum | |
| 2nd-person plural | skuluð | |
Descendants
- Icelandic: skulu
- Faroese: skula
- Norwegian Nynorsk: skulla, skulle
- Norwegian Bokmål: skulle
- Old Swedish: skula, skola, skulu
- Swedish: skola
- Danish: skulle
- Westrobothnian: skaḷa, skåḷa, skoḷa
References
- skulu in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press