skulan
Gothic
Romanization
skulan
- Romanization of 𐍃𐌺𐌿𐌻𐌰𐌽
Old Saxon
Etymology
From Proto-West Germanic *skulan.
Cognates
Compare Old Dutch skulan, sulan, Old English sculan, Old High German skulan, sulan, Old Norse skulu, Gothic 𐍃𐌺𐌿𐌻𐌰𐌽 (skulan).
Verb
skulan
- shall, will
- 9th c., Heliand, verse 621:
- that he scoldi an Bethleem giboran werðan: 'so is an usan bokun giscriƀan
- that he should be born in Bethleem: 'so it is written in our books'
- that he scoldi an Bethleem giboran werðan: 'so is an usan bokun giscriƀan
- 9th c., Heliand, verse 621:
- to must, to have to
- 9th c., Heliand, verse 1883:
- Uuesat iu so uuara uuiðar thiu, uuið iro fēcneon dādiun, sō man uuiðar fīundun scal
- Be careful against them, against their dreadful actions, just like one must be (careful) against his enemies
- Uuesat iu so uuara uuiðar thiu, uuið iro fēcneon dādiun, sō man uuiðar fīundun scal
- 9th c., Heliand, verse 1883:
Conjugation
Conjugation of skulan (preterite-present)
| infinitive | skulan | |
|---|---|---|
| indicative | present | past |
| 1st person singular | skal | skolda |
| 2nd person singular | skalt | skoldes |
| 3rd person singular | skal | skolda |
| plural | skulun | skoldun |
| subjunctive | present | past |
| 1st person singular | skuli | skoldi |
| 2nd person singular | skulis | skoldis |
| 3rd person singular | skuli | skoldi |
| plural | skulin | skoldin |
| imperative | present | |
| singular | — | |
| plural | — | |
| participle | present | past |
| skulandi | — | |
Descendants
- Middle Low German: schȫlen, schöllen, schullen, sȫlen, scölen
- Low German: schölen, sölen, schüllen, schöllen
- German Low German: schölen, sölen, sallen
- Low German: schölen, sölen, schüllen, schöllen