skola
See also: skolā and škola
Faroese
Etymology
From Old Norse skola.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈskoːla/
- Rhymes: -oːla
- Homophone: skolað
Verb
skola (third person singular past indicative skolaði, third person plural past indicative skolaðu, supine skolað)
- to rinse
Conjugation
| Conjugation of skola (group v-30) | ||
|---|---|---|
| infinitive | skola | |
| supine | skolað | |
| participle (a6)1 | skolandi | skolaður |
| present | past | |
| first singular | skoli | skolaði |
| second singular | skolar | skolaði |
| third singular | skolar | skolaði |
| plural | skola | skolaðu |
| imperative | ||
| singular | skola! | |
| plural | skolið! | |
| 1Only the past participle being declined. | ||
Icelandic
Etymology
From Old Norse skola.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈskɔːla/
- Rhymes: -ɔːla
Verb
skola (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative skolaði, supine skolað)
- to rinse
Conjugation
skola — active voice (germynd)
| infinitive (nafnháttur) | að skola | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| supine (sagnbót) | skolað | ||||
| present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar) | skolandi | ||||
| indicative (framsöguháttur) | subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur) | ||||
| present (nútíð) | ég skola | við skolum | present (nútíð) | ég skoli | við skolum |
| þú skolar | þið skolið | þú skolir | þið skolið | ||
| hann, hún, það skolar | þeir, þær, þau skola | hann, hún, það skoli | þeir, þær, þau skoli | ||
| past (þátíð) | ég skolaði | við skoluðum | past (þátíð) | ég skolaði | við skoluðum |
| þú skolaðir | þið skoluðuð | þú skolaðir | þið skoluðuð | ||
| hann, hún, það skolaði | þeir, þær, þau skoluðu | hann, hún, það skolaði | þeir, þær, þau skoluðu | ||
| imperative (boðháttur) | skola (þú) | skolið (þið) | |||
| Forms with appended personal pronoun | |||||
| skolaðu | skoliði * | ||||
| * Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred. | |||||
skolast — mediopassive voice (miðmynd)
| infinitive (nafnháttur) | að skolast | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| supine (sagnbót) | skolast | ||||
| present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar) | skolandist ** ** the mediopassive present participle is extremely rare and normally not used; it is never used attributively or predicatively, only for explicatory subclauses | ||||
| indicative (framsöguháttur) | subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur) | ||||
| present (nútíð) | ég skolast | við skolumst | present (nútíð) | ég skolist | við skolumst |
| þú skolast | þið skolist | þú skolist | þið skolist | ||
| hann, hún, það skolast | þeir, þær, þau skolast | hann, hún, það skolist | þeir, þær, þau skolist | ||
| past (þátíð) | ég skolaðist | við skoluðumst | past (þátíð) | ég skolaðist | við skoluðumst |
| þú skolaðist | þið skoluðust | þú skolaðist | þið skoluðust | ||
| hann, hún, það skolaðist | þeir, þær, þau skoluðust | hann, hún, það skolaðist | þeir, þær, þau skoluðust | ||
| imperative (boðháttur) | skolast (þú) | skolist (þið) | |||
| Forms with appended personal pronoun | |||||
| skolastu | skolisti * | ||||
| * Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred. | |||||
skolaður — past participle (lýsingarháttur þátíðar)
| strong declension (sterk beyging) | singular (eintala) | plural (fleirtala) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine (karlkyn) | feminine (kvenkyn) | neuter (hvorugkyn) | masculine (karlkyn) | feminine (kvenkyn) | neuter (hvorugkyn) | ||
| nominative (nefnifall) | skolaður | skoluð | skolað | skolaðir | skolaðar | skoluð | |
| accusative (þolfall) | skolaðan | skolaða | skolað | skolaða | skolaðar | skoluð | |
| dative (þágufall) | skoluðum | skolaðri | skoluðu | skoluðum | skoluðum | skoluðum | |
| genitive (eignarfall) | skolaðs | skolaðrar | skolaðs | skolaðra | skolaðra | skolaðra | |
| weak declension (veik beyging) | singular (eintala) | plural (fleirtala) | |||||
| masculine (karlkyn) | feminine (kvenkyn) | neuter (hvorugkyn) | masculine (karlkyn) | feminine (kvenkyn) | neuter (hvorugkyn) | ||
| nominative (nefnifall) | skolaði | skolaða | skolaða | skoluðu | skoluðu | skoluðu | |
| accusative (þolfall) | skolaða | skoluðu | skolaða | skoluðu | skoluðu | skoluðu | |
| dative (þágufall) | skolaða | skoluðu | skolaða | skoluðu | skoluðu | skoluðu | |
| genitive (eignarfall) | skolaða | skoluðu | skolaða | skoluðu | skoluðu | skoluðu | |
Ladino
Alternative forms
- eskola
Etymology
From Latin schola, from Ancient Greek σχολή (skholḗ).
Noun
skola f (Latin spelling, Hebrew spelling סקולה)
- school
Latvian
Skola
Etymology
Borrowed from Middle High German schōle, or from Middle Dutch schole, both also borrowings from Late Latin scola, schola (“lecture; school”), itself borrowed from Ancient Greek σχολή (skholḗ). In Latvian, this borrowing is first mentioned in 16th-century texts and 17th-century dictionaries.[1]
Noun
skola f (4th declension)
- school (institution of learning, usually of lower or intermediate level; also a special or specific institution of learning; also the building where such an institution is housed)
- vispārizglītojošā skola ― comprehensive school
- profesionālā, speciālā skola ― professional, special school
- valsts, privātās skolas ― public, private schools
- lauku, pilsētu skolas ― rural, urban schools
- zēnu, meiteņu skola ― boys', girls' school
- kopmācības skola ― co-educational school
- baleta, mūzikas, sporta skola ― ballet, music, sports school
- lauksaimniecības skola ― agricultural school
- skolu tīkls ― school network
- skolu jaunatne ― school youth
- skolas audzēknis ― school student
- skolas bērns, puika ― schoolboy
- skolas biedrs ― schoolmate
- skolas direktors, ārsts ― school director, doctor
- skolas bibliotēka ― school library
- skolas mēbeles ― school furniture
- skolas sols, tāfele ― school bench, board
- skolas grāmatas, burtnīcas ― school books, notebooks
- skolas soma ― school bag
- skolas forma ― school uniform
- skolas laiks, gadi ― school time, years
- iestāties skolā ― to enroll in a school
- mācīties skolā ― to study at a school
- sūtīt skolā ― to send to school
- apmeklēt skolā ― to visit the school
- pamest skolu ― to leave school
- izslēgt no skolas ― to expel from school
- kad iesi skolā, varbūt skolotājs paskaidros ― when you go to school, maybe the teacher will explain it
- (figuratively) education; the work of studying at school
- skola sākās 1. septembrī ― school will start on September 1st
- Taisnību sakot, mazliet vairāk skolas viņam nebūtu nācis par ļaunu — to tell the truth, a little bit more school would not have been bad for him
- (figuratively) experience, learning
- dzīves skola ― the school of life
- neveiksme viņam būs laba skola ― failure will be a good school for him
- aršanas sacensības galvenokārt ir pieredzes, darba metožu, jaunāko atziņu skola ― plowing competitions are mostly a school of (= place, occasion for learning) experience, work methods, and recent findings
- school, school of thought (a set of theories, a teaching associated with a certain person, a certain movement or its followers)
- Platona filozofijas skola ― Plato's school of philosophy
- Paula Strādina skola medicīna ― Pauls Stradins' school of medicine
- beļģu skola glezniecībā ― the Belgian school of painting
- krievu skola baletā ― the Russian school of ballet
- Pavlovs izveidoja 20. gadsimta fiziologu lielāko skolu: viņa tiešo līdzstrādnieku un disertantu pulks vien aptvēis 250 cilvēku ― Pavlov created the largest school of 20th-century physiology: his group of direct collaborators and students comprised 250 people
Declension
Declension of skola (4th declension)
| singular (vienskaitlis) | plural (daudzskaitlis) | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative (nominatīvs) | skola | skolas |
| accusative (akuzatīvs) | skolu | skolas |
| genitive (ģenitīvs) | skolas | skolu |
| dative (datīvs) | skolai | skolām |
| instrumental (instrumentālis) | skolu | skolām |
| locative (lokatīvs) | skolā | skolās |
| vocative (vokatīvs) | skola | skolas |
Derived terms
- sākumskola, pamatskola, vidusskola, augstskola
- pagastskola
- skolēns
- skolnieks, skolniece
- skolot, skolotājs, skolotāja
See also
- universitāte
References
- Karulis, Konstantīns (1992), “skola”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN
Lithuanian
Etymology
In ablaut with skelė́ti (“to owe”), from Proto-Indo-European *skel- (“to owe”). Cognate with Proto-Germanic *skulaną (“to owe”).
Noun
skolà f (plural skõlos) stress pattern 4
- (economics) debt
- (archaic) fault
- Synonym: kaltė
- (archaic) duty, obligation
- Synonym: pareiga
Declension
declension of skola
| singular (vienaskaita) | plural (daugiskaita) | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative (vardininkas) | skolà | skõlos |
| genitive (kilmininkas) | skolõs | skolų̃ |
| dative (naudininkas) | skõlai | skolóms |
| accusative (galininkas) | skõlą | skolàs |
| instrumental (įnagininkas) | skolà | skolomìs |
| locative (vietininkas) | skolojè | skolosè |
| vocative (šauksmininkas) | skõla | skõlos |
Related terms
- skolingas (“indebted”)
- skolinti (“to lend, borrow”)
Further reading
- “skola”, in Lietuvių kalbos žodynas [Dictionary of the Lithuanian language], lkz.lt, 1941–2023
- skola, entry by Vytautas Vaškelaitis, in Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija (Universal Lithuanian Encyclopedia)
- Derksen, Rick (2015), “skola”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 406
Maltese
Alternative forms
- iskola (after the article)
Etymology
Borrowed from Sicilian scola, from Latin schola, from Ancient Greek σχολή (skholḗ).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈskɔː.la/
Noun
skola f (plural skejjel or skajjel or (obsolete) skoli)
- school (an institution dedicated to teaching and learning)
- school (the followers of a particular doctrine)
- school (a department/institute at a college or university)
- education
Related terms
- skolarxipp
- skolastiċiżmu
- skolastikament
- skolastiku
- skular
Old Norse
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *skwal-, from *skul-. If related to Sanskrit क्षालयति (kṣālayati, “to wash”), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷsel-. Or, if related to Lithuanian skal͂bti (“to do laundry”), possibly from a late Proto-Indo-European *sk(ʷ)ol-b(ʰ)-.
Verb
skola (singular past indicative skolaða, plural past indicative skoluðu, past participle skolaðr)
- wash
Descendants
- Danish: skylle
- English: scullery (influenced)
- Faroese: skola
- Icelandic: skola
- Norwegian: skylle
- Swedish: skölja
References
- “skola”, in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- Monier Williams (1899), “skola”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, OCLC 458052227, page 327.
- Heijden, Vincent (2018): The Shared Lexicon Of Baltic, Slavic, AND Germanic, p. 31
Swedish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /²skuːla/
audio (file)
Etymology 1
From Old Swedish skula, from Old Norse skulu, from Proto-Germanic *skulaną.
Verb
skola (present ska or skall, preterite skulle, supine skolat)
- shall, will, be going to; used in the present tense (ska or skall) with a main verb in the infinitive to give the future tense, mostly intended future, or used in the past tense (skulle) with a main verb in the infinitive to express the conditional mood or the future of the past.
- jag ska äta ― I shall eat
- jag skulle äta, om... ― I would eat, if...
- jag skulle just äta när... ― I was just going to eat when...
- jag skulle ha ätit färdigt innan... ― I should have finished eating before...
Usage notes
By semantic reasons, this verb hardly ever appears in the infinitive, therefore the infinitive is unknown to many or perceived as archaic. The perception of the infinitive as archaic may also be a consequence of the fact that it once also was the form of the present tense used for plural subjects.
Conjugation
The short form of skall is ska and is more commonly used; however, skall is used in the expression vad som komma skall (“what is to come”), the grammar of which is very dated.
Conjugation of skola (irregular)
| Active | Passive | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Infinitive | skola | — | ||
| Supine | skolat | — | ||
| Imperative | — | — | ||
| Imper. plural1 | — | — | ||
| Present | Past | Present | Past | |
| Indicative | ska, skall | skulle | — | — |
| Ind. plural1 | skola | skulle | — | — |
| Subjunctive2 | skole | skulle | — | — |
| Participles | ||||
| Present participle | — | |||
| Past participle | — | |||
| 1 Archaic. 2 Dated. See the appendix on Swedish verbs. | ||||
Etymology 2
From Old Norse skóli, from Proto-Germanic *skōla (“school”), from Late Latin schola, scola (“learned discussion or dissertation, lecture, school”), from Ancient Greek σχολεῖον (skholeîon), from σχολή (skholḗ, “spare time, leisure”, later, “conversations and the knowledge gained through them during free time; the places where these conversations took place”), from Proto-Indo-European *seǵhe-, *sǵhē- (“to hold, have, possess”).
Noun
skola c
- a school
Declension
| Declension of skola | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | |||
| Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
| Nominative | skola | skolan | skolor | skolorna |
| Genitive | skolas | skolans | skolors | skolornas |
Derived terms
- aftonskola
- dövskola
- folkskola
- grundskola
- gymnasieskola
- högskola
- kunskapsskola
- lekskola
- lågstadieskola
- mellanstadieskola
- plantskola
- realskola
- skollärare
- skolmästare
- söndagsskola
- trafikskola
- ungdomsskola
- vuxenskola
- yrkesskola
Descendants
- → Finnish: skole
Verb
skola (present skolar, preterite skolade, supine skolat, imperative skola)
- to school, teach
Conjugation
Conjugation of skola (weak)
| Active | Passive | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Infinitive | skola | skolas | ||
| Supine | skolat | skolats | ||
| Imperative | skola | — | ||
| Imper. plural1 | skolen | — | ||
| Present | Past | Present | Past | |
| Indicative | skolar | skolade | skolas | skolades |
| Ind. plural1 | skola | skolade | skolas | skolades |
| Subjunctive2 | skole | skolade | skoles | skolades |
| Participles | ||||
| Present participle | skolande | |||
| Past participle | skolad | |||
| 1 Archaic. 2 Dated. See the appendix on Swedish verbs. | ||||
Related terms
- skolning
Further reading
- skola in Svensk ordbok.
Anagrams
- kolas, sloka
Ternate
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈsko.la]
Noun
skola
- Alternative form of sikola (“school”)
References
- Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh