skjǫldr
Old Norse
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *skelduz (“shield”). Cognate with Old English scield, scyld, Old Frisian skeld, Old Saxon skild, Old High German skild, skilt, Gothic 𐍃𐌺𐌹𐌻𐌳𐌿𐍃 (skildus). The different case and number forms show various sound changes: breaking (e > ja), u-umlaut (ja > jǫ), and i-umlaut (e > i).
Pronunciation
- (9th century West Norse) IPA(key): /ˈskjɔldʐ/
- (12th century Icelandic) IPA(key): /ˈskjɔldr̩/
Noun
skjǫldr m (genitive skjaldar, dative skildi, plural skildir)
- a shield
- Sverris saga konungs 95, in 1834, F. Magnússon, C.C. Rafn, Fornmanna sögur. Volume VIII. Copenhagen, page 232:
- Þeir skutu skildi undir líkit, ok hófu upp í skutina þá, er konúngr var á.
- They put a shield under the corpse, and lifted it up into the ship where the king was.
- Sverris saga konungs 95, in 1834, F. Magnússon, C.C. Rafn, Fornmanna sögur. Volume VIII. Copenhagen, page 232:
Declension
Declension of skjǫldr (strong u-stem)
masculine | singular | plural | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | |
nominative | skjǫldr | skjǫldrinn | skildir | skildirnir |
accusative | skjǫld | skjǫldinn | skjǫldu | skjǫlduna |
dative | skildi | skildinum | skjǫldum | skjǫldunum |
genitive | skjaldar | skjaldarins | skjalda | skjaldanna |
Derived terms
- * skjaldarband (“shield-strap”)
- * skjaldarbukl (“shield-boss”)
- * skjaldarfetill (“shield-strap”)
- * skjaldarrǫnd (“shield-rim”)
- * skjaldarsporðr (“lower part of a shield”)
- * skjaldaskirfl (“old worn-out shields”)
- * skjaldborg (“wall of shields”)
- * skjaldfimr (“dexterous with a shield”)
- * skjaldhvalr (“a kind of whale”)
- * skjaldjǫtunn (“war-engine”)
- * skjaldmær (“amazon”)
- * skjaldrim (“shield-rim”)
- * skjaldsveinn (“shield-bearer”)
- * skjaldþili (“wainscotting”)
Related terms
- skjalda (“to cover with a shield”)
- skjǫldungr (“sheldrake”)
Descendants
- Icelandic: skjöldur
- Faroese: skjøldur
- Norwegian:
- Norwegian Bokmål: skjold
- Norwegian Nynorsk: skjold
- Old Swedish: skiolder, skiølder
- Swedish: sköld
- Old Danish: skiold
- Danish: skjold
- Elfdalian: stjöld
- Gutnish: skiåld
References
- skjǫldr in An Icelandic-English Dictionary, R. Cleasby and G. Vigfússon, Clarendon Press, 1874, at Internet Archive.
- skjǫldr in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, G. T. Zoëga, Clarendon Press, 1910, at Internet Archive.