assaillir
French
Etymology
From Old French asaillir, from Latin assiliō, from ad (“towards”) + saliō (“to jump”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /a.sa.jiʁ/
Audio (file)
Verb
assaillir
- to assail; to assault; to attack
Conjugation
This verb is part of a small group of verbs in -ir that conjugate in the indicative imperfect and present, the subjunctive present, and the present participle, as if they ended in -er. They are sometimes written with an 'e' in the future and imperfect, like cueillir and other verbs in -llir.
Conjugation of assaillir (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | assaillir | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | assaillant /a.sa.jɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | assailli /a.sa.ji/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | assaille /a.saj/ | assailles /a.saj/ | assaille /a.saj/ | assaillons /a.sa.jɔ̃/ | assaillez /a.sa.je/ | assaillent /a.saj/ |
| imperfect | assaillais /a.sa.jɛ/ | assaillais /a.sa.jɛ/ | assaillait /a.sa.jɛ/ | assaillions /a.saj.jɔ̃/ | assailliez /a.saj.je/ | assaillaient /a.sa.jɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | assaillis /a.sa.ji/ | assaillis /a.sa.ji/ | assaillit /a.sa.ji/ | assaillîmes /a.sa.jim/ | assaillîtes /a.sa.jit/ | assaillirent /a.sa.jiʁ/ | |
| future | assaillirai or assaillerai /a.sa.ji.ʁe/ or /a.saj.ʁe/ | assailliras or assailleras /a.sa.ji.ʁa/ or /a.saj.ʁa/ | assaillira or assaillera /a.sa.ji.ʁa/ or /a.saj.ʁa/ | assaillirons or assaillerons /a.sa.ji.ʁɔ̃/ or /a.saj.ʁɔ̃/ | assaillirez or assaillerez /a.sa.ji.ʁe/ or /a.saj.ʁe/ | assailliront or assailleront /a.sa.ji.ʁɔ̃/ or /a.saj.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | assaillirais or assaillerais /a.sa.ji.ʁɛ/ or /a.saj.ʁɛ/ | assaillirais or assaillerais /a.sa.ji.ʁɛ/ or /a.saj.ʁɛ/ | assaillirait or assaillerait /a.sa.ji.ʁɛ/ or /a.saj.ʁɛ/ | assaillirions or assaillerions /a.sa.ji.ʁjɔ̃/ or /a.sa.jə.ʁjɔ̃/ | assailliriez or assailleriez /a.sa.ji.ʁje/ or /a.sa.jə.ʁje/ | assailliraient or assailleraient /a.sa.ji.ʁɛ/ or /a.saj.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) | present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | assaille /a.saj/ | assailles /a.saj/ | assaille /a.saj/ | assaillions /a.saj.jɔ̃/ | assailliez /a.saj.je/ | assaillent /a.saj/ |
| imperfect2 | assaillisse /a.sa.jis/ | assaillisses /a.sa.jis/ | assaillît /a.sa.ji/ | assaillissions /a.sa.ji.sjɔ̃/ | assaillissiez /a.sa.ji.sje/ | assaillissent /a.sa.jis/ | |
| (compound tenses) | past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | assaille /a.saj/ | — | assaillons /a.sa.jɔ̃/ | assaillez /a.sa.je/ | — | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Further reading
- “assaillir”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Middle French
Verb
assaillir
- to assail; to assault; to attack
Old French
Verb
assaillir
- alternative infinitive of assalir.
Conjugation
This verb conjugates as a third-group verb. This verb has irregularities in its conjugation. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
Conjugation of assaillir (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | assaillir | avoir assali, assailli | |||||
| gerund | en assalant, assaillant | Use the gerund of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| present participle | assalant, assaillant | ||||||
| past participle | assali, assailli | ||||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
| simple tenses | present | assail | assaus | assaut | assalons, assaillons | assalez, assailliez | assalent, assaillent |
| imperfect | assaloie, assaleie, assailloie, assailleie | assaloies, assaleies, assailloies, assailleies | assaloit, assaleit, assailloit, assailleit | assaliiens, assaliens, assailliiens, assailliens | assaliiez, assaliez, assailliiez, assailliez | assaloient, assaleient, assailloient, assailleient | |
| preterite | assali, assailli | assalis, assaillis | assali, assailli | assalimes, assaillimes | assalistes, assaillistes | assalirent, assaillirent | |
| future | assaudrai | assaudras | assaudra | assaudrons | assaudroiz, assaudreiz, assaudrez | assaudront | |
| conditional | assaudroie, assaudreie | assaudroies, assaudreies | assaudroit, assaudreit | assaudriiens, assaudriens | assaudriiez, assaudriez | assaudroient, assaudreient | |
| compound tenses | present perfect | Use the present tense of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | Use the imperfect tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | Use the preterite tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | Use the conditional tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
| simple tenses | present | assaille | assailles | assaille | assailliens, assaillons | assailliez | assaillent |
| imperfect | assaillise | assaillises | assaillit | assaillisons, assaillisiens | assaillisoiz, assaillisez, assaillisiez | assaillisent | |
| compound tenses | past | Use the present subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | Use the imperfect subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
| — | assail | — | assalons, assaillons | assalez, assailliez | — | ||