skaka
Icelandic
Etymology
From Old Norse skaka (“to shake”), from Proto-Germanic *skakaną, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kek- (“to shake, stir”). Compare Norwegian skake, Swedish skaka, Danish skage, Low German schaken, English shake.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈskaːka/
- Rhymes: -aːka
Verb
skaka (strong verb, third-person singular past indicative skók, third-person plural past indicative skóku, supine skekið)
- (transitive, with accusative) to shake
Conjugation
skaka — active voice (germynd)
| infinitive (nafnháttur) | að skaka | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| supine (sagnbót) | skekið | ||||
| present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar) | skakandi | ||||
| indicative (framsöguháttur) | subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur) | ||||
| present (nútíð) | ég skek | við skökum | present (nútíð) | ég skaki | við skökum |
| þú skekur | þið skakið | þú skakir | þið skakið | ||
| hann, hún, það skekur | þeir, þær, þau skaka | hann, hún, það skaki | þeir, þær, þau skaki | ||
| past (þátíð) | ég skók | við skókum | past (þátíð) | ég skæki | við skækjum |
| þú skókst | þið skókuð | þú skækir | þið skækjuð | ||
| hann, hún, það skók | þeir, þær, þau skóku | hann, hún, það skæki | þeir, þær, þau skækju | ||
| imperative (boðháttur) | skak (þú) | skakið (þið) | |||
| Forms with appended personal pronoun | |||||
| skaktu | skakiði * | ||||
| * Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred. | |||||
skakast — mediopassive voice (miðmynd)
| infinitive (nafnháttur) | að skakast | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| supine (sagnbót) | skekist | ||||
| present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar) | skakandist ** ** the mediopassive present participle is extremely rare and normally not used; it is never used attributively or predicatively, only for explicatory subclauses | ||||
| indicative (framsöguháttur) | subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur) | ||||
| present (nútíð) | ég skekst | við skökumst | present (nútíð) | ég skakist | við skökumst |
| þú skekst | þið skakist | þú skakist | þið skakist | ||
| hann, hún, það skekst | þeir, þær, þau skakast | hann, hún, það skakist | þeir, þær, þau skakist | ||
| past (þátíð) | ég skókst | við skókumst | past (þátíð) | ég skækist | við skækjumst |
| þú skókst | þið skókust | þú skækist | þið skækjust | ||
| hann, hún, það skókst | þeir, þær, þau skókust | hann, hún, það skækist | þeir, þær, þau skækjust | ||
| imperative (boðháttur) | skakst (þú) | skakist (þið) | |||
| Forms with appended personal pronoun | |||||
| skakstu | skakisti * | ||||
| * Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred. | |||||
skekinn — past participle (lýsingarháttur þátíðar)
| strong declension (sterk beyging) | singular (eintala) | plural (fleirtala) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine (karlkyn) | feminine (kvenkyn) | neuter (hvorugkyn) | masculine (karlkyn) | feminine (kvenkyn) | neuter (hvorugkyn) | ||
| nominative (nefnifall) | skekinn | skekin | skekið | skeknir | skeknar | skekin | |
| accusative (þolfall) | skekinn | skekna | skekið | skekna | skeknar | skekin | |
| dative (þágufall) | skeknum | skekinni | skeknu | skeknum | skeknum | skeknum | |
| genitive (eignarfall) | skekins | skekinnar | skekins | skekinna | skekinna | skekinna | |
| weak declension (veik beyging) | singular (eintala) | plural (fleirtala) | |||||
| masculine (karlkyn) | feminine (kvenkyn) | neuter (hvorugkyn) | masculine (karlkyn) | feminine (kvenkyn) | neuter (hvorugkyn) | ||
| nominative (nefnifall) | skekni | skekna | skekna | skeknu | skeknu | skeknu | |
| accusative (þolfall) | skekna | skeknu | skekna | skeknu | skeknu | skeknu | |
| dative (þágufall) | skekna | skeknu | skekna | skeknu | skeknu | skeknu | |
| genitive (eignarfall) | skekna | skeknu | skekna | skeknu | skeknu | skeknu | |
Synonyms
- hrista
Derived terms
- skaka strokk ("to churn")
Related terms
- skak
Norwegian Nynorsk
Alternative forms
- skake
Etymology
From Old Norse skaka. Akin to English shake.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /²skɑːkɑ/
Verb
skaka (present tense skakar or skjek, past tense skaka or skok, past participle skaka or skjeke, present participle skakande, imperative skak)
- to shake
- 1861, Aasmund Olavsson Vinje, "Ferdaminni fraa Sumaren 1860":
- […] og so naar Krøningi var fullførd baadi til Kongen og Dronningi høyra Kanonurne skaka Kyrkja […] .
- […] and then, when the coronation of both the King and Queen was finished, to hear the cannon shake the church […]
- […] og so naar Krøningi var fullførd baadi til Kongen og Dronningi høyra Kanonurne skaka Kyrkja […] .
- 1861, Aasmund Olavsson Vinje, "Ferdaminni fraa Sumaren 1860":
- to frighten, upset
References
- “skaka” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Old Norse
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *skakaną.
Verb
skaka (singular past indicative skók, plural past indicative skóku, past participle skekit)
- to shake
Conjugation
Conjugation of skaka — active (strong class 6)
| infinitive | skaka | |
|---|---|---|
| present participle | skakandi | |
| past participle | skekinn | |
| indicative | present | past |
| 1st-person singular | skek | skók |
| 2nd-person singular | skekr | skókt |
| 3rd-person singular | skekr | skók |
| 1st-person plural | skǫkum | skókum |
| 2nd-person plural | skakið | skókuð |
| 3rd-person plural | skaka | skóku |
| subjunctive | present | past |
| 1st-person singular | skaka | skœka |
| 2nd-person singular | skakir | skœkir |
| 3rd-person singular | skaki | skœki |
| 1st-person plural | skakim | skœkim |
| 2nd-person plural | skakið | skœkið |
| 3rd-person plural | skaki | skœki |
| imperative | present | |
| 2nd-person singular | skak | |
| 1st-person plural | skǫkum | |
| 2nd-person plural | skakið | |
Conjugation of skaka — mediopassive (strong class 6)
| infinitive | skakask | |
|---|---|---|
| present participle | skakandisk | |
| past participle | skekizk | |
| indicative | present | past |
| 1st-person singular | skǫkumk | skókumk |
| 2nd-person singular | skeksk | skókzk |
| 3rd-person singular | skeksk | skóksk |
| 1st-person plural | skǫkumsk | skókumsk |
| 2nd-person plural | skakizk | skókuzk |
| 3rd-person plural | skakask | skókusk |
| subjunctive | present | past |
| 1st-person singular | skǫkumk | skœkumk |
| 2nd-person singular | skakisk | skœkisk |
| 3rd-person singular | skakisk | skœkisk |
| 1st-person plural | skakimsk | skœkimsk |
| 2nd-person plural | skakizk | skœkizk |
| 3rd-person plural | skakisk | skœkisk |
| imperative | present | |
| 2nd-person singular | skaksk | |
| 1st-person plural | skǫkumsk | |
| 2nd-person plural | skakizk | |
Descendants
- Icelandic: skaka
- Norwegian Nynorsk: skaka, skake
- Norwegian Bokmål: skake
- Danish: skage
- Old Swedish: skaka
- Swedish: skaka
References
- skaka in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press
Old Swedish
Etymology
From Old Norse skaka, from Proto-Germanic *skakaną.
Verb
skaka
- to shake
- to swing
Conjugation
Conjugation of skaka (weak)
| present | past | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | skaka | — | |||
| participle | skakandi, -e | skakaþer | |||
| active voice | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| iæk | skakar | skaki, -e | — | skakaþi, -e | skakaþi, -e |
| þū | skakar | skaki, -e | skaka | skakaþi, -e | skakaþi, -e |
| han | skakar | skaki, -e | — | skakaþi, -e | skakaþi, -e |
| vīr | skakum, -om | skakum, -om | skakum, -om | skakaþum, -om | skakaþum, -om |
| īr | skakin | skakin | skakin | skakaþin | skakaþin |
| þēr | skaka | skakin | — | skakaþu, -o | skakaþin |
| mediopassive voice | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| iæk | skakas | skakis, -es | — | skakaþis, -es | skakaþis, -es |
| þū | skakas | skakis, -es | — | skakaþis, -es | skakaþis, -es |
| han | skakas | skakis, -es | — | skakaþis, -es | skakaþis, -es |
| vīr | skakums, -oms | skakums, -oms | — | skakaþums, -oms | skakaþums, -oms |
| īr | skakins | skakins | — | skakaþins | skakaþins |
| þēr | skakas | skakins | — | skakaþus, -os | skakaþins |
Descendants
- Swedish: skaka
Swedish
Etymology
From Old Swedish skaka, from Old Norse skaka (“to shake”), from Proto-Germanic *skakaną, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kek- (“to shake, stir”). Cognate with Norwegian skake, Danish skage, Icelandic skaka, Low German schaken and English shake.
Pronunciation
Audio (file)
Verb
skaka (present skakar, preterite skakade, supine skakat, imperative skaka)
- (transitive) to shake (physically or to disturb emotionally)
- (intransitive) to shake, to tremble
Conjugation
Conjugation of skaka (weak)
| Active | Passive | |
|---|---|---|
| Infinitive | skaka | skakas |
| Present tense | skakar | skakas |
| Past tense | skakade | skakades |
| Supine | skakat | skakats |
| Imperative | skaka | — |
| Present participle | skakande | |
| Past participle | skakad | |
Related terms
- handskaka
- omskaka
- skakare
- skakning
- skaka hand
- skaka om / omskaka