sirms
Latvian
Etymology
From Proto-Baltic *širmas, from *ḱr̥-m-os (with a suffix -m), from Proto-Indo-European *ker-, *ḱer-, *ḱr̥- (“gray color”), whence also sērsna (“frozen snow layer”) (q.v.). Cognates include Lithuanian šìrmas, šir̃mas, šir̃vas (“gray”).[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [sīɾms]
Adjective
sirms (definite sirmais, comparative sirmāks, superlative vissirmākais, adverb sirmi)
- (of hair, beard, etc) gray (having become grayish white after losing its original color)
- sirmi mati, grumbaina seja ― gray hair, wrinkled face
- sirma bārda ― gray beard
- (of people, people's body parts) gray, gray-haired (having gray hair)
- sirms vīrs ― gray-haired man
- sirma galva ― gray head
- sirmi deniņi ― gray temples
- (of animals, birds) gray (having a light gray or grayish white color, fur, plumage)
- sirma stirna ― gray doe
- sirma bebrāda ― gray beaver skin, fur
- (figuratively) gray, grayish white
- pār Daugavu kūp sirma migla ― over the Daugava (river) a gray fog spreads itself
- (figuratively) very old, ancient
- sirms vecums ― old (lit. gray) age
- nodzīvot sirmu mūžu ― to live a long (lit. gray) life
- sirmas majas ― old (lit. gray) houses
- sirmā Rīga ― old (lit. gray) Rīga
- sirma senatne, senatnība ― very distant past, ancient times (lit. gray antiquity)
Declension
indefinite declension (nenoteiktā galotne) of sirms
| masculine (vīriešu dzimte) | feminine (sieviešu dzimte) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular (vienskaitlis) | plural (daudzskaitlis) | singular (vienskaitlis) | plural (daudzskaitlis) | ||||||
| nominative (nominatīvs) | sirms | sirmi | sirma | sirmas | |||||
| accusative (akuzatīvs) | sirmu | sirmus | sirmu | sirmas | |||||
| genitive (ģenitīvs) | sirma | sirmu | sirmas | sirmu | |||||
| dative (datīvs) | sirmam | sirmiem | sirmai | sirmām | |||||
| instrumental (instrumentālis) | sirmu | sirmiem | sirmu | sirmām | |||||
| locative (lokatīvs) | sirmā | sirmos | sirmā | sirmās | |||||
| vocative (vokatīvs) | — | — | — | — | |||||
Derived terms
- iesirms
- sirmmatains, sirmmatis, sirmmate
Related terms
- sirmis
References
- Karulis, Konstantīns (1992), “sirms”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN