sinus

See also: Sinus, sínus, and sinüs

English

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin sinus (“a bent surface, curve, hollow”). Doublet of sine.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈsaɪ.nəs/
Rhymes: -aɪnəs

Noun

sinus (plural sinuses)

(anatomy, zootomy) A pouch or cavity in a bone or other tissue, especially one in the bones of the face or skull connecting with the nasal cavities (the paranasal sinus).
Hyponyms: ethmoid sinus, frontal sinus, maxillary sinus, paranasal sinus, piriform sinus, Rokitansky-Aschoff sinus, sphenoid sinus
(anatomy) An irregular venous or lymphatic cavity, reservoir, or dilated vessel.
Hyponyms: carotid sinus, cavernous sinus, coronary sinus, lateral sinus, petrosal sinus, sagittal sinus, sigmoid sinus, straight sinus, transverse sinus, venous sinus
1. (physiology, attributive) Relating to or denoting the sinoatrial node of the heart or its function of regulating the heartbeat.
(pathology) An abnormal cavity or passage such as a fistula, leading from a deep-seated infection and discharging pus to the surface.
(botany) A rounded notch or depression between two lobes or teeth in the margin of a leaf or petal.
(geography) A bay of the sea; a recess in the shore.
(trigonometry) Synonym of sine.
- 1884 November 29, “Aerial Navigation”, in Scientific American: A Weekly Journal of Practical Information, Art, Science, Mechanics, Chemistry, and Manufactures, volume LI, number 22, New York, N.Y.: Munn & Co., translation of original by Victor Tatin in La Nature, page 342, column 1:
  So, in the helicopteron, as the helix is at the same time a sustaining plane, it should be likened to a surface moving horizontally, and in which, consequenty, the resistance to motion will be to the lifting power as the sinus is to the cosinus of the angle formed by such plane with the horizon.
- 1996, Pentti Zetterberg; Matti Eronen; Markus Lindholm, Heinrich Spiecker, Kari Mielikäinen, Michael Köhl, and Jens Peter Skovsgaard, editors, Growth Trends in European Forests (European Forest Institute Research Report; No. 5), Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, →ISBN, page 15:
  The variations are described in terms of cycles of sinuses and cosinuses.
- 2007, Vladimir G. Ivancevic; Tijana T. Ivancevic, “Introduction: Human and Computational Mind”, in Computational Mind: A Complex Dynamics Perspective (Studies in Computational Intelligence; 60), Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, →ISBN, LCCN 2007925682, section 1 (Natural Intelligence and Human Mind), pages 60–61:
  Basically, the rotation of the matrix of the factor loadings L represents its post-multiplication, i.e. L* = LO by the rotation matrix O, which itself resembles one of the matrices included in the classical rotational Lie groups SO(m) (containing the specific m–fold combination of sinuses and cosinuses.

Derived terms

confluence of sinuses
extrasinus
intrasinus
nonsinus
parasinus
sick sinus syndrome
sino-, sinu-, sinuso-
sinus brady
sinuscope
sinusectomy
sinusitis
sinuslike
sinus node
sinusoid
sinus rhythm
sinus tachy

Translations

pouch or cavity in a bone or other tissue

Afrikaans: sinus, sinusse pl
Arabic: جَيْب اَلْأُنْف‎ m (jayb al-ʾunf)
Egyptian Arabic: جيوب أنفية‎ f pl (geyuub ʔanfeya)
Asturian: senu (ast) m
Bulgarian: синус (bg) m (sinus)
Catalan: si (ca) m
Chinese:
Mandarin: 竇／窦 (zh) (dòu)
Esperanto: sinuso
Finnish: ontelo (fi)
French: sinus (fr) m
Galician: seo (gl) m
German: Sinus (de) m, (paranasal) Nasennebenhöhle (de) f
Hungarian: üreg (hu)
Ido: sinuso (io)
Italian: seno (it) m
Japanese: 副鼻腔 (ja) (ふくびこう, fukubikō)
Plautdietsch: Hollinj f
Polish: zatoka (pl) f
Portuguese: seio (pt) m
Romanian: sinus (ro) n
Russian: па́зуха (ru) f (pázuxa)
Spanish: seno (es) m
Volapük: sinud

venous or lymphatic cavity

Chinese:
Mandarin: 竇／窦 (zh) (dòu)

relating to the sinoatrial node

Chinese:
Mandarin: 竇性／窦性 (dòuxìng)

abnormal cavity or passage

Finnish: avanne (fi)
Russian: свищ (ru) m (svišč), фи́стула (ru) f (fístula)

References

“sinus”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
“sinus”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary

Anagrams

Sunis, nisus

Albanian

Noun

sinus m

(trigonometry) sine

Catalan

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin sinus.

Pronunciation

(Balearic, Central, Valencian) IPA^(key): /ˈsi.nus/

Noun

sinus m (plural sinus)

sine

Derived terms

cosinus

Czech

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin sinus.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈsɪnus]
Hyphenation: si‧nus

Noun

sinus m inan

(trigonometry) sine
(anatomy) sinus

Declension

Declension of sinus

	singular	plural
nominative	sinus	sinusy, siny
genitive	sinusu, sinu	sinusů, sinů
dative	sinusu, sinu	sinusům, sinům
accusative	sinus	sinusy, siny
vocative	sinuse, sine	sinusy, siny
locative	sinusu, sinuse, sinu	sinusech, sinech
instrumental	sinusem, sinem	sinusy, siny

Related terms

kosinus

Danish

Noun

sinus c (singular definite sinussen, plural indefinite sinusser)

(geometry) sine

Dutch

Pronunciation

Audio (file)
Hyphenation: si‧nus

Etymology 1

Learned borrowing from Latin sinus.

Noun

sinus m (plural sinussen, diminutive sinusje n)

(trigonometry) sine

Descendants

→ Indonesian: sinus
→ Papiamentu: sinùs

Etymology 2

Learned borrowing from Latin sinus.

Noun

sinus m (plural sinussen, diminutive sinusje n)

sinus

Descendants

→ Indonesian: sinus

French

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin sinus. Doublet of sein.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /si.nys/
Audio (file)

Noun

sinus m (plural sinus)

(anatomy) sinus
(trigonometry) sine

Indonesian

Etymology

Borrowed from Dutch sinus, from Latin sinus.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈsinʊs]
Rhymes: -nʊs, -ʊs, -s
Hyphenation: si‧nus

Noun

sinus (first-person possessive sinusku, second-person possessive sinusmu, third-person possessive sinusnya)

sinus:
1. (anatomy) a pouch or cavity in a bone or other tissue, especially one in the bones of the face or skull connecting with the nasal cavities (the paranasal sinus).
2. (pathology) an abnormal cavity or passage such as a fistula, leading from a deep-seated infection and discharging pus to the surface.
(trigonometry) sine: in a right triangle, the ratio of the length of the side opposite an angle to the length of the hypotenuse.

Derived terms

sinus etmoid
sinus frontalis
sinus maksila
sinus maksilaris
sinus stenoid

Latin

Etymology 1

From Proto-Indo-European *sinos; akin to Albanian gji (“breast, bosom”).[1]

The mathematical sense ‘chord of an arc, sine’ was introduced in the 12th century by Gherardo of Cremona as a semantic loan from Arabic جَيْب‎ (jayb, “chord, sine”) (ultimately a loan from Sanskrit ज्या (jyā, “bowstring”)) by confusion with جَيْب‎ (jayb, “bosom, fold in a garment”).

Pronunciation

(Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈsi.nus/, [ˈs̠ɪnʊs̠]

(Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈsi.nus/, [ˈsiːnus]

Noun

sinus m (genitive sinūs); fourth declension

(chiefly poetic) a bent surface; a curve, fold, hollow
(literally) the hanging fold of a toga over the breast; a pocket, lap
Synonym: gremium
1. (transferred sense)
  1. a purse, money, which was carried in the bosom of the toga
  2. (poetic) a garment
    - 8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 4.431-432:
      ‘comitēs, accēdite’ dīxit
      ‘et mēcum plēnōs flōrē refertē sinūs.’
      ‘‘Come, my companions,’’ she said,
      ‘‘and with me you all [can] carry back flowers, filling the folds of your garments.’’
      (Persephone and her attendants wander away from the protection of her mother Ceres and the other matrons prior to Persephone’s abduction.)
  3. the bosom, breast
    Synonym: pectus
2. (figurative)
  1. the bosom for love, protection, asylum
  2. the interior, inmost part of a thing
  3. a power, possession of someone
  4. a hiding place, place of concealment; a secret feeling
a gulf, bay, bight
1. the land lying on or a point of land that helps to form a gulf
2. a basin, hollow, valley
3. (Medieval Latin) a fjord
(Medieval Latin, mathematics) the chord of an arc; a sine

Inflection

Fourth-declension noun.

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	sinus	sinūs
Genitive	sinūs	sinuum
Dative	sinuī	sinibus
Accusative	sinum	sinūs
Ablative	sinū	sinibus
Vocative	sinus	sinūs

Quotations

Aeneid (Pūblius Vergilius Marō) lines 1.160–161:Latin: quibus omnis ab altō // frangitus inque sinūs scindit sēsē͡ unda reductōs.English: on which all the waves from the deep are broken and it splits itself into receeding ripples.

Derived terms

sinuō (verb)
sinuōsus (adjective)

Descendants

Descendants of sinus in other languages

→ Aromanian: sin
Asturian: senu, sen
Catalan: si; → sina
→ English: sinus, sine
French: sein; → sinus
Friulian: sen
Italian: seno
Old Portuguese: sẽo
- Galician: seo
- Portuguese: seio
Piedmontese: sen
→ Portuguese: sino, seno (learned)
Romanian: sân
Romansch: sain
Sardinian: sinu
Sicilian: sinu
Spanish: seno
Venetian: sen

Etymology 2

From Proto-Indo-European *sh₁ih₂sno-, deverbative of *seh₁y- ‘to sift, strain’ (compare Ancient Greek ἠθέω (ēthéō), Lithuanian sijóti, Serbo-Croatian sȉjati).[2]

Alternative forms

sīnum

Pronunciation

(Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈsiː.nus/, [ˈs̠iːnʊs̠]

(Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈsi.nus/, [ˈsiːnus]

Noun

sīnus m (genitive sīnī); second declension

a large round drinking vessel with swelling sides, shaped like a bowl

Inflection

Second-declension noun.

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	sīnus	sīnī
Genitive	sīnī	sīnōrum
Dative	sīnō	sīnīs
Accusative	sīnum	sīnōs
Ablative	sīnō	sīnīs
Vocative	sīne	sīnī

References

“sinus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“sinum”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“sinus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
sinus in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
sinus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
- the heart of the city: sinus urbis (Sall. Cat. 52. 35)
- the city is situate on a bay: urbs in sinu sita est
- to rejoice in secret: in sinu gaudere (Tusc. 3. 21. 51)
- to love and make a bosom friend of a person: aliquem in sinu gestare (aliquis est in sinu alicuius) (Ter. Ad. 4. 5. 75)
- (ambiguous) to be driven into the arms of philosophy: in sinum philosophiae compelli
“sinus”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898) Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
“sinus”, in William Smith, editor (1854, 1857) A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography, volume 1 & 2, London: Walton and Maberly

Michiel de Vaan (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the Other Italic Languages, Leiden: Brill, page 567
Douglas Q. Adams (1997), “Sieve”, in J. P. Mallory; Douglas Q. Adams, editors, Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture, London: Fitzroy Dearborn, page 518

Northern Sami

Noun

sinus

locative singular of sitnu

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin sinus.

Noun

sinus m (definite singular sinusen, indefinite plural sinuser, definite plural sinusene)

(trigonometry) sine
(anatomy) sinus

Related terms

cosinus

References

“sinus” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin sinus.

Noun

sinus m (definite singular sinusen, indefinite plural sinusar, definite plural sinusane)

(trigonometry) sine
(anatomy) sinus

Related terms

cosinus

References

“sinus” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Polish

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin sinus.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈsi.nus/
Audio (file)
Rhymes: -inus
Syllabification: si‧nus

Noun

sinus m inan

(trigonometry) sine

Declension

Declension of sinus

	singular	plural
nominative	sinus	sinusy
genitive	sinusa	sinusów
dative	sinusowi	sinusom
accusative	sinus	sinusy
instrumental	sinusem	sinusami
locative	sinusie	sinusach
vocative	sinusie	sinusy

Derived terms

adjective

sinusoidalny
sinusowy

noun

sinusoida

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from French sinus, from Latin sinus.

Noun

sinus n (plural sinusuri)

sine (trigonometric function)

Veps

Pronoun

sinus

inessive of sinä

[1] Michiel de Vaan (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the Other Italic Languages, Leiden: Brill, page 567

[2] Douglas Q. Adams (1997), “Sieve”, in J. P. Mallory; Douglas Q. Adams, editors, Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture, London: Fitzroy Dearborn, page 518

sinus

English

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Derived terms

Translations

References

Anagrams

Albanian

Noun

Further reading

Catalan

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Derived terms

See also

Further reading

Czech

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

Related terms

Further reading

Danish

Noun

Dutch

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Noun

Descendants

Etymology 2

Noun

Descendants

French

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

See also

Further reading

Indonesian

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Derived terms

Further reading

Latin

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Noun

Inflection

Quotations

Derived terms

Descendants

Etymology 2

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

Noun

Inflection

References

Northern Sami

Noun

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

Noun

Related terms

References

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

Noun

Related terms

References

Polish

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

Derived terms