sine
English
Etymology
Borrowed from Latin sinus (“curve, bend; bosom”), a translation of Arabic جَيْب (jayb, “bosom”), a misidentification of the notation جيب (jyb), written without vowel diacritics, standing for Arabic جِيبَ (jība, “sine”), in turn from Sanskrit ज्या (jyā, “sine, chord, bowstring”) through the similar Sanskrit जीव (jīva, “sine, chord, life, existence”). Doublet of sinus.
Pronunciation
- enPR: sīn, IPA(key): /saɪn/
- Homophones: sign, syne
- Rhymes: -aɪn
Noun
sine (plural sines)
- (trigonometry, mathematics) In a right triangle, the ratio of the length of the side opposite an angle to the length of the hypotenuse.
Usage notes
In various branches of mathematics, the sine of an angle is determined in various ways, including the following:
- The y-coordinate of the point on the unit circle at the given anticlockwise angle from the positive x-axis.
- The sum of the real or complex power series
where x is in radians.
Synonyms
- Symbol: sin
Derived terms
- arcsine
- cosine
- sine wave
- sinical
- sinusoid
- sinusoidal
Related terms
- insinuate
- sinuous
- sinus
- sinusitis
Translations
|
See also
- cosine
- cosecant
- cotangent
- secant
- tangent
- trigonometry
Anagrams
- EINs, NIEs, Nies, sein, sien, snie
Ainu
< 0 | 1 | 2 > |
---|---|---|
Cardinal : sine Ordinal : sine ikinne | ||
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɕìꜛné/
Numeral
sine (Kana spelling シネ)
- one
Bikol Central
Etymology
Borrowed from Spanish cine, from a clipping of Spanish cinema, a reduction of Spanish cinematógrafo, from French cinématographe.
Pronunciation
- Hyphenation: si‧ne
- IPA(key): /ˈsine/
Noun
síne
- cinema
- movie, show
- Synonyms: pelikula, pasali
Derived terms
- magsine
- pasine
- sinehan
- sinehon
Cebuano
Etymology
Borrowed from Spanish cine, from Clipping of Spanish cinema, a reduction of Spanish cinematógrafo, from French cinématographe.
Pronunciation
- Hyphenation: si‧ne
Noun
sine
- film; movie
- (dated) cinema; movie theater
Quotations
- For quotations using this term, see Citations:sine.
Derived terms
- sinehan
Danish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /siːnə/, [ˈsiːnə], [ˌsiːnə]
Pronoun
sine
- plural of sin
See also
Number | Person | Type | Nominative | Oblique | Possessive | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
common | neuter | plural | |||||
Singular | First | – | jeg | mig | min | mit | mine |
Second | modern / informal | du | dig | din | dit | dine | |
formal | De | Dem | Deres | ||||
Third | masculine (person) | han | ham | hans | |||
feminine (person) | hun | hende | hendes | ||||
common(noun) | den | dens | |||||
neuter(noun) | det | dets | |||||
reflexive | – | sig | sin | sit | sine | ||
Plural | First | modern | vi | os | vores | ||
archaic / formal | vor | vort | vore | ||||
Second | – | I | jer | jeres | |||
Third | – | de | dem | deres | |||
reflexive | – | sig |
Finnish
Etymology
sini + -e
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈsineˣ/, [ˈs̠ine̞(ʔ)]
- Rhymes: -ine
- Syllabification(key): si‧ne
Noun
sine
- bluing (blue pigment used for coloring clothes when washing)
- blueprint (paper-based reproduction usually of a technical drawing), diazo print, ammonia print)
Declension
Inflection of sine (Kotus type 48/hame, no gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
nominative | sine | sineet | |
genitive | sineen | sineiden sineitten | |
partitive | sinettä | sineitä | |
illative | sineeseen | sineisiin sineihin | |
singular | plural | ||
nominative | sine | sineet | |
accusative | nom. | sine | sineet |
gen. | sineen | ||
genitive | sineen | sineiden sineitten | |
partitive | sinettä | sineitä | |
inessive | sineessä | sineissä | |
elative | sineestä | sineistä | |
illative | sineeseen | sineisiin sineihin | |
adessive | sineellä | sineillä | |
ablative | sineeltä | sineiltä | |
allative | sineelle | sineille | |
essive | sineenä | sineinä | |
translative | sineeksi | sineiksi | |
instructive | — | sinein | |
abessive | sineettä | sineittä | |
comitative | — | sineineen |
Possessive forms of sine (type hame) | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | singular | plural |
1st person | sineeni | sineemme |
2nd person | sineesi | sineenne |
3rd person | sineensä |
Anagrams
- -isen, ensi, ensi-, ines, sein
Irish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈʃinʲə/
Etymology 1
From Old Irish sine, siniu, comparative form of sen (“old”).
Adjective
sine
- comparative degree of sean: older
Etymology 2
From Old Irish sine (“teat, dug, pap”), from Proto-Celtic *sɸenyos, from Proto-Indo-European *pstḗn. Cognate with Old Norse speni (“teat”), English spean (“teat (of a cow)”).
Noun
sine f (genitive singular sine, nominative plural siní)
- nipple
Declension
Fourth declension
Bare forms
| Forms with the definite article
|
Derived terms
- sine siain (“uvula”)
Mutation
Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Eclipsis |
sine | shine after an, tsine | not applicable |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Further reading
- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “sine”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “1 sine”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “3 sine”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, page 57
Latin
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈsi.ne/, [ˈs̠ɪnɛ]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈsi.ne/, [ˈsiːne]
Audio (Ecclesiastical) (file)
Etymology 1
The function of this preposition was previously done with the use of sē, sēd (see sē-, sed), from Proto-Indo-European *swé (“self”), thus meaning "by itself", "without". Some still refer the si- in sine to this root, others refer it to Proto-Indo-European *só (“this”), whence si (“if”). And as sometimes nesi was also written, with -ne being nē (“not”), sine might literally mean "not this". Compare with nisi.
Others yet refer sine to Proto-Indo-European *sen(H)i (“for oneself, without”), itself maybe related to *swé or more likely a locative of *senH-.[1] Thus cognate with Ancient Greek ἄτερ (áter, “without”), Old English sundor; compare especially Tocharian B snai and Old Irish sain (“separated, different”) (Proto-Celtic *sani), which may reflect the original PIE adverb.
Preposition
sine (+ ablative)
- without
- Sum sine rēgnō.
- I am without a kingdom.
Derived terms
- decessit sine prole
- injuria sine damno
- sine anno
- sine causā
- sine diē
- sine nōmine
- sine prōle
- sum sine regno
Descendants
- Catalan: sense
- Franco-Provençal: sen
- Friulian: cence
- Galician: sen
- Italian: senza
- Old French: senz, sens, sans, san, saunce
- → Middle English: saunz, sauns, sanz, sans, saunce, san, saun, sawnz, sauncz, sance
- English: sans
- Scots: sans (obsolete)
- Middle French: sans
- French: sans
- Norman: sans (Jersey)
- → Middle English: saunz, sauns, sanz, sans, saunce, san, saun, sawnz, sauncz, sance
- Portuguese: sem
- Sardinian: sine
- Spanish: sin
References
- Adams, Douglas Q. (2013), “snai”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 779–781
- “sine”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 907
Verb
sine
- second-person singular present active imperative of sinō
Middle Dutch
Determiner
sine
- inflection of sijn:
- feminine nominative/accusative singular
- nominative/accusative plural
Middle English
Noun
sine
- Alternative form of synne
Neapolitan
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈsinɛ/, /ˈsinɐ/
Particle
sine
- yes
Norwegian Bokmål
Etymology
From Old Norse sínir.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /siːne/
Determiner
sine pl
- plural of sin
See also
Number | Person | Type | Nominative | Oblique | Possessive | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
feminine | masculine | neuter | plural | |||||
Singular | First | – | jeg | meg | mi | min | mitt | mine |
Second | – | du | deg | di | din | ditt | dine | |
Third | feminine (person) | hun | henne | hennes | ||||
masculine (person) | han | ham / han | hans | |||||
feminine (noun) | den | dens | ||||||
masculine (noun) | ||||||||
neuter (noun) | det | dets | ||||||
reflexive | – | seg | si | sin | sitt | sine | ||
Plural | First | – | vi | oss | vår | vårt | våre | |
Second | – | dere | deres | |||||
Third | general | de | dem | deres | ||||
reflexive | – | seg | si | sin | sitt | sine |
References
- “sin” in The Bokmål Dictionary / The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Anagrams
- isen, isne, neis, nise, sein, si-en, -isen, snei
Norwegian Nynorsk
Etymology
From Old Norse sínir.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /²siːnə/
Determiner
sine pl
- plural of sin
References
- “sin” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Old French
Noun
sine m (oblique plural sines, nominative singular sines, nominative plural sine)
- Alternative form of cisne
Noun
sine m (oblique plural sines, nominative singular sines, nominative plural sine)
- Alternative form of signe
Old Irish
Etymology
From Proto-Celtic *sɸenyos, itself from Proto-Indo-European *pstḗn.
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /sʲi.nʲe/
Noun
sine m
- nipple, teat
Inflection
Usual declension:
Masculine io-stem | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | sine | sineL | siniL |
Vocative | sini | sineL | siniu |
Accusative | sineN | sineL | siniuH |
Genitive | siniL | sineL | sineN |
Dative | siniuL | sinib | sinib |
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
|
A variant dental-stem declension can also be found.
Masculine d-stem | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | sine | sinidL, sine | sinid |
Vocative | sine | sinidL, sine | sineda |
Accusative | sinidN | sinidL, sine | sineda |
Genitive | sined | sined | sinedN |
Dative | sinidL | sinedaib | sinedaib |
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
|
Descendants
- Irish: sine
- Manx: sheeiney
- Scottish Gaelic: sine
Mutation
Old Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
sine | ṡine | unchanged |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Further reading
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “sine”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Polish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈɕi.nɛ/
- Rhymes: -inɛ
- Syllabification: si‧ne
Adjective
sine
- inflection of siny:
- neuter nominative/accusative/vocative singular
- nonvirile nominative/accusative/vocative plural
Romanian
Etymology
From Latin sē, as with mine, tine.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈsi.ne/
- Rhymes: -ine
Pronoun
sine (stressed reflexive-accusative form of el, ea, ei, and ele)
- (direct object, preceded by preposition, such as "pe", "cu", "la", or "pentru") himself, herself, itself, themselves
Synonyms
- se (unstressed form)
Sardinian
Etymology
From Latin sine (“without”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈsine/
Preposition
sine
- without
- Synonyms: chena, chentza, sentza, sene, chene, chentze, sena
Scottish Gaelic
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈʃinə/
Etymology 1
From Old Irish sine (“teat, dug, pap”), from Proto-Celtic *sɸenyos, from Proto-Indo-European *pstḗn. Cognate with Old Norse speni (“teat”), English spean (“teat (of a cow)”).
Noun
sine f (genitive singular sine, plural sinean)
- (anatomy) nipple, teat
Etymology 2
Borrowed from English gin.
Noun
sine f
- gin (drink)
Etymology 3
From Old Irish sine (“old age, seniority, antiquity”), from sen (“old”).
Noun
sine f
- oldness
- old age
Etymology 4
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Adjective
sine
- comparative degree of sean (“old”)
Mutation
Scottish Gaelic mutation | |
---|---|
Radical | Lenition |
sine | shine after "an", t-sine |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
References
- Edward Dwelly (1911), “sine”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary], 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “1 sine”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “2 sine”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “3 sine”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Tagalog
Alternative forms
- cine
Etymology
Borrowed from Spanish cine, from a clipping of Spanish cinema, a reduction of Spanish cinematógrafo, from French cinématographe.
Pronunciation
- Hyphenation: si‧ne
- IPA(key): /ˈsine/, [ˈsi.ne]
Noun
sine
- film; movie
- Synonyms: pelikula, puting-tabing
- (dated) cinema; movie theater
- Synonym: sinehan
Derived terms
- sinehan
Westrobothnian
Pronunciation
- (Lövånger) IPA(key): [sìːɳe̞]
- Rhymes: -ìːnɛ
Pronoun
sine n sg
- (possessive pronoun): dative neuter singular of sänn
Declension
Possessive pronoun | |||
Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
Nominative | sänn | si | sätt |
Accusative | (säänn) | siin | |
Dative | sinom | sännar | sine |
Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
Nominative | siin | siin | siin |
Accusative | |||
Dative | sinom | sinom | sinom |