sin

See also: Appendix:Variations of "sin"

Translingual

Symbol

sin

(mathematics) The trigonometric function sine.
(international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Sinhala.

English

Etymology 1

From Middle English sinne, synne, sunne, zen, from Old English synn (“sin”), from Proto-West Germanic *sunnju, from Proto-Germanic *sunjō (“truth, excuse”) and *sundī, *sundijō (“sin”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁s-ónt-ih₂, from *h₁sónts ("being, true", implying a verdict of "truly guilty" against an accusation or charge), from *h₁es- (“to be”); compare Old English sōþ ("true"; see sooth). Doublet of suttee.

Cognates

Cognate with Scots syn, sin (“sin”), Saterland Frisian Säände (“sin”), West Frisian sûnde (“sin”), Dutch zonde (“sin”), Low German sunn, sunne (“sin”), German Sünde (“sin”), Danish synd (“sin”), Swedish synd (“sin”), Icelandic synð, synd (“sin”), Latin sont-, sons (“sinful, guilty, criminal”). Doublet of suttee.

Alternative forms

sinne (archaic)
synne (obsolete)

Pronunciation

enPR: sĭn, IPA^(key): /sɪn/
Audio (US) (file)
Rhymes: -ɪn

Noun

sin (countable and uncountable, plural sins)

(theology) A violation of God's will or religious law.
As a Christian, I think this is a sin against God.
- 1866, Buchanan, James, Mr. Buchanan's Administration on the Eve of the Rebellion‎, New York: D. Appleton and Company, OCLC 1027012775, OL 13502496M, page 9:
  Slavery, according to them, was a grievous sin against God, and therefore no human Constitution could rightfully shield it from destruction. It was sinful to live in a political confederacy which tolerated slavery in any of the States composing it; […]
Sinfulness, depravity, iniquity.
A misdeed or wrong.
- 1963, Margery Allingham, “Eye Witness”, in The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, OCLC 483591931, page 249:
  The story struck the depressingly familiar note with which true stories ring in the tried ears of experienced policemen. […] The second note, the high alarum, not so familiar and always important since it indicates the paramount sin in Man's private calendar, took most of them by surprise although they had been well prepared.
A sin offering; a sacrifice for sin.
- 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], OCLC 964384981, 2 Corinthians 5:21, column 2:
  For he hath made him to be ſinne for vs, who knewe no ſinne, […]
An embodiment of sin; a very wicked person.
- 1613, William Shakespeare; [John Fletcher], “The Famous History of the Life of King Henry the Eight”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act III, scene i], page 222, column 1:
  Thy Ambition / (Thou Scarlet ſinne) robb’d this bewailing Land / Of Noble Buckingham, […]
A flaw or mistake.
No movie is without sin.

Synonyms

offence

Derived terms

Terms derived from sin (noun)

guilty as sin
mortal sin
original sin
sin bin
sin-free
sinful
sinless
sinlessness
sinny
sin-ridden
sin tax
venial sin

Translations

See sin/translations § Noun.

Verb

sin (third-person singular simple present sins, present participle sinning, simple past and past participle sinned)

(intransitive, theology) To commit a sin.

Derived terms

sinner

Translations

See sin/translations § Verb.

Etymology 2

Modification of shin.

Alternative forms

seen, sīn

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /sɪn/, /siːn/

Noun

sin (plural sins)

A letter of the Hebrew alphabet; שׂ‎
A letter of the Arabic alphabet; س‎

Noun

sin (plural sins)

Alternative form of sinh (“tube skirt”)

Anagrams

INS, Ins, Ins., NIS, NSI, Niš, in's, ins, ins., nis

Afar

Pronunciation

(Northern Afar) IPA^(key): /ˈsin/

(Southern Afar) IPA^(key): /ˈʃin/

Hyphenation: sin

Pronoun

sín (predicative síini)

ye, you

Determiner

sín

your (second person plural)

References

E. M. Parker; R. J. Hayward (1985), “sin”, in An Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London, →ISBN
Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2015) L’afar: description grammaticale d’une langue couchitique (Djibouti, Erythrée et Ethiopie)‎, Paris: Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (doctoral thesis)

Afrikaans

Etymology 1

From Dutch zin, from Middle Dutch sin, from Old Dutch sin, from Proto-West Germanic *sinn.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /sən/

Noun

sin (plural sinne, diminutive sinnetjie)

meaning, sense
sentence
sense (means of perceiving reality)
sense, comprehension
desire

Derived terms

sinvol

Particle

sin

Misspelling of s'n.

Aromanian

Alternative forms

sinu

Etymology

From Latin sinus. Compare Romanian sân, Spanish seno.

Noun

sin n (plural sinj)

breast

Asturian

Preposition

sin

Alternative form of ensin

Breton

Etymology

From Latin signum.

Noun

sin m

sign

Cebuano

Etymology

From Spanish zinc, from German Zink, related to Zinke (“point, prong”), from Middle High German zinke, from Old High German zinko (“prong, tine”), allied to zint (“a jag, point”), from Proto-Germanic *tindaz (“prong, pinnacle”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃dónts (“tooth, projection”).

Noun

sin

zinc
galvanized iron sheet

Cornish

Etymology

Ultimately from Latin signum.

Noun

sin m (plural sînys)

sign

Danish

Etymology

From Old Norse sínn.

Pronunciation

Rhymes: -in

Pronoun

sin c (neuter sit, plural sine)

(reflexive possessive) third-person sg pronoun, meaning his/her/its (own)
Han læste sin bog ― He read his (own) book
Compare:
Han læste hans bog ― He read his (somebody else's) book

Esperanto

Pronunciation

Audio (file)

Pronoun

sin

accusative of si

Fon

Sìn ɔ́

Etymology

Cognates include Gun sìn, Saxwe Gbe ɛsìn, Adja eshi, Ewe esti

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /sĩ̀/

Noun

sìn

water

References

Claire Lefebvre, Anne-Marie Brousseau, A Grammar of Fongbe (2002, →ISBN

Gun

Sìn lọ́

Etymology 1

Cognates include Fon sìn, Saxwe Gbe ɛsìn, Adja eshi, Ewe esti

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /sĩ̀/

Noun

sìn (plural sìn lɛ́ or sìn lẹ́)

water
Synonym: òsìn

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /sĩ̀/

Particle

sín

comes after a noun to indicate that this noun possesses that which follows, much like English 's
Gbẹ̀tọ́ sín àfọ̀ / Gbɛ̀tɔ́ sín àfɔ̀ ― The human's foot

References

Aspect and Modality in Kwa Languages (2006, →ISBN)

Hausa

Etymology

From Arabic سِين (sīn).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /sín/
- (Standard Kano Hausa) IPA^(key): [sɪ́ŋ]

Noun

sin f

sin (letter of the Arabic alphabet)

Hunsrik

Etymology

From Middle High German sein, sīn, from Old High German sīn (“to be”) (with some parts from Proto-Germanic *wesaną (“to be”) and *beuną (“to be, exist, become”)), from Proto-Indo-European *es-, *h₁es- (“to be, exist”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /sin/

Verb

sin

to be
Ich sin en Mann.
I am a man.
Deer seid zu mied.
You are too tired.
Sie denke, dass-se en Hex is.
They think she's a witch.
(auxiliary) forms the perfect tense of most intransitive verbs
Ich sin fortgang.
I am gone.

Inflection

Irregular with past tense, conditional and subjunctive mood
infinitive	sin
participle	gewees, geweest, geween
auxiliary	sin
	present indicative	past indicative	conditional	subjunctive	imperative
ich	sin	waar	wäär	sei	—
du	bist	waarst	wäärst	seist	sei
er/sie/es	is	waar	wäär	sei	—
meer	sin	waare	wääre	seie	—
deer	seid	waard	wäärd	seid	seid
sie	sin	waare	wääre	seie	—
The use of the present participle is uncommon, but can be made with the suffix -end.

Derived terms

do sin

Icelandic

Etymology

From Old Norse sin.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /sɪːn/
Audio (file)
Rhymes: -ɪːn

Noun

sin f (genitive singular sinar, nominative plural sinar)

sinew, tendon

Declension

declension of sin

	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
f-s1	singular		plural
nominative	sin	sinin	sinar	sinarnar
accusative	sin	sinina	sinar	sinarnar
dative	sin	sininni	sinum	sinunum
genitive	sinar	sinarinnar	sina	sinanna

Irish

Alternative forms

san

Etymology

From Middle Irish sin, from Old Irish sin.

Pronunciation

(Munster, Connacht) IPA^(key): /ʃɪnʲ/
(Ulster) IPA^(key): /ʃɨ̞nʲ/

Determiner

sin

(used with the definite article) that
an buachaill sin ― that boy

Pronoun

sin

that
Sin é mo dheartháir.
That is my brother.
- (Can we date this quote?) “Cad é sin don té sin [What is that to anyone]”‎:
  Ó cad é sin don té sin nach mbaineann sin dó?
  Oh what is that to him whom that doesn't concern?

Derived terms

ó shin

Mutation

Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Eclipsis
sin	shin after an, tsin	not applicable
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Italian

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈsin/
Rhymes: -in
Hyphenation: sìn

Preposition

sin

Apocopic form of sino

Iu Mien

Etymology

From Chinese 身 (MC ɕiɪn).

Noun

sin

body

Kabyle

**Kabyle cardinal numbers**
< 1	2	3 >
Cardinal : sin

Etymology

From Proto-Berber.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /sin/

Numeral

sin m (feminine snat)

two

References

Bellahsene, Linda; Hameg, Nadia (2009), “Kabyle numeral system”, in Université Paris 4, CNRS, editor, Numeral Systems of the World's Languages‎, Paris, France

Ladino

Etymology

From Old Spanish sin, from Latin sine.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /sin/

Preposition

sin (Latin spelling, Hebrew spelling סין‎)

without

Antonyms

kon

Latin

Etymology

From sī + nē.

Pronunciation

(Classical) IPA^(key): /siːn/, [s̠iːn]

(Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /sin/, [sin]

Conjunction

sīn

if however, if on the contrary, but if
sin aliter/minus/secus ― otherwise, if not

References

sin in Enrico Olivetti, editor (2003-2023) Dizionario Latino, Olivetti Media Communication

Livonian

Pronoun

sin

genitive singular of sinā

Menien

Noun

sin

water

References

Martius, Beiträge zur Ethnographie und Sprachenkunde Brasiliens, page 155

Middle Dutch

Etymology

From Old Dutch sin, from Proto-West Germanic *sinn.

Noun

sin m or f

direction
attention
sense, intellect, reason
feeling, emotion
sense, perception
meaning

Inflection

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

Descendants

Dutch: zin
Limburgish: zin

Middle English

Conjunction

sin

Alternative form of sithen

Noun

sin

Alternative form of synne

Middle High German

Etymology 1

From Old High German sīn. Cognate with Middle Low German sīn.

Verb

sīn

to be, become

Descendants

German: sein

Etymology 2

From Old High German sīn.

Determiner

sīn

his
its
one's

Descendants

German: sein

Middle Irish

Alternative forms

sein

Etymology

From Old Irish sin.

Determiner

sin

(used with the definite article) that
- c. 1000, The Tale of Mac Da Thó's Pig, section 1, published in Irische Teste, vol. 1 (1880), edited by Ernst Windisch:
  Is í sein int ṡeised bruiden ro·boi i n‑hErind in tan sin […]
  That is one of the six halls that were in Ireland at that time […]

Pronoun

sin

that
- c. 1000, The Tale of Mac Da Thó's Pig, section 1, published in Irische Teste, vol. 1 (1880), edited by Ernst Windisch:
  Is í sein int ṡeised bruiden ro·boi i n‑hErind in tan sin […]
  That is one of the six halls that were in Ireland at that time […]

Middle Low German

Pronunciation

(originally) IPA^(key): /siːn/

Etymology 1

From Old Saxon sīn.

Pronoun

sîn

(personal pronoun, third person, in the singular, masculine, genitive) of his
- lohant ret her Zeno hen na Verona to dem vader sin.
  John rode Sir Zeno to Verona, to the father of his.
(personal pronoun, third person, in the singular, neuter, genitive) of it
(possessive, third person, in the singular, masculine) his
(possessive, third person, neuter, masculine) its

Declension

Personal pronoun:

Middle Low German personal pronouns

		nominative	accusative	dative	genitive
1st person singular		ik (ek)	mî (mê, mik, mek)		mîn (mîner)
2nd person singular		dû	dî (dê, dik, dek)		dîn (dîner)
3rd person singular
	m	hê (hî, hie)	ēne, en (ȫne, ȫn)	ēme, em (ȫme, en)	sîn (sîner)
	n	it (et)		ēme, em (ȫme, en)	sîn (sîner)
	f	sê (sî, sie, sü̂)		ēre, ēr (ērer, ȫrer)
1st person plural		wî (wê, wie)	uns (ûs, ös, ü̂sik)		unser (ûser)
2nd person plural		gî (jê, î)	jû (jûwe, û, jük, gik)		jûwer (ûwer)
3rd person plural		sê (sî, sie)		em, öm, jüm (en, ēnen, ȫnen)	ēre, ēr (ērer, ȫrer)
For an explanation of the forms in brackets see here.

Possessive pronoun:

Declension of sin

	nominative	accusative	dative	genitive
	Strong declension
Masculine	sîn	sînen	sînem(e) (sînen^note)	sînes
Neuter		sîn	sînem(e) (sînen^note)	sînes
Feminine		sîne	sîner(e)
Plural	sîne		sînen	sîner(e)
	Weak declension
Masculine	sîne	sînen	sînen
Neuter		sîne
Feminine		sînen
Plural	sînen	sînen
The longer forms become rarer in the course of the period.

Alternative forms

sîner (for the genitive of the personal pronoun)

Etymology 2

From Old Saxon sīn.

Alternative forms

wēsen

Verb

sîn

to be

Usage notes

Wēsen is a verb with a suppletive conjugation based on multiple Proto-Germanic stems. For many verb forms, authors freely chose between forms based on the stems wēs- and sî-, without semantic impact. This is also true for modern Low German and Dutch. For the forms based on the sî- stem, see the respective entry at wēsen.

Descendants

German Low German:
Mecklenburgisch-Vorpommersch: sin (past participle: west, also wesen)
Westphalian:
Münsterländisch: syn (past participle: weßt), sien (past participle: west)
Paderbornisch: [[seyn, syn#German Low German|seyn, syn]] (past participle: wiäsen)

Min Nan

For pronunciation and definitions of sin – see 新 (“new; fresh; new; unused; etc.”). (This character, sin, is the Pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 新.)

Miskito

Adverb

sin

also, too

Navajo

Etymology

From Proto-Athabaskan *xʸən (“shaman's power, medicine, song”). Related to -YĮĮD (“to be holy”), from Proto-Athabaskan *ɣʸən (“to act as a shaman, to be endowed with supernatural powers”).

Compare Ahtna sen (“spiritual power, medicine”), Koyukon sən (“shaman's spirit”), Gwich'in shan (“shamanism, magic”), Tlingit shí, shī, shi(n) (“sing, song”), Eyak tsį, Dena'ina shen, Galice šan (“song”), Lipan shį̀.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [sɪ̀n]

Noun

sin (possessed form biyiin)

song

Inflection

possessives of sin

	singular	duoplural	plural
1st person	shiyiin	nihiyiin	danihiyiin
2nd person	niyiin	nihiyiin	danihiyiin
3rd person	biyiin
4th person (3o)	yiyiin
4th person (3a)	hayiin
Indefinite (3i)	ayiin

North Frisian

Etymology

From Old Frisian sīn, from Proto-West Germanic *sīn.

Pronoun

sin

Inflected form of san
its

Northern Sami

Pronoun

sin

accusative/genitive of sii

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Old Norse sinn.

Determiner

sin m (feminine si, neuter sitt, plural sine)

(reflexive) her / his / its / their
indicating possession; 's, of
Det var skolen sin bil.
It was the school's car.

References

“sin” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Old Norse sinn.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /sɪnː/
Homophone: sinn

Determiner

sin (masculine sin, feminine si, neuter sitt, plural sine)

(reflexive) her/his/its/their
indicating possession; 's, of
Det var skulen sin bil.
It was the school’s car.

References

“sin” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Old Dutch

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *sīn.

Determiner

sīn

his, its, hers

Inflection

Declension of sin — Strong only

Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	sīn	sīn	sīn
Accusative	sīnin	sīna	sīn
Genitive	sīnis	sīnro	sīnis
Dative	sīnin	sīnro	sīnin
Instrumental	sīnin	sīnro	sīnin
Plural	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	sīna	sīna	sīna
Accusative	sīna	sīna	sīna
Genitive	sīnro	sīnro	sīnro
Dative	sīnon	sīnon	sīnon
Instrumental	sīn-	sīn-	sīn-

Descendants

Middle Dutch: sijn
- Dutch: zijn
- Limburgish: zeen

Old English

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *sīn (“his, her, its, their”, genitive reflexive).

Cognate with Old Frisian sīn (“his, its”), Old Saxon sīn (“his”) (Middle Low German sin), Dutch zijn, Old High German sīn (“his”) (German sein), Old Norse sínn (“one's own”), Old English sē (“that, that one, he”). More at the.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /siːn/

Pronoun

sīn

(rare, chiefly dialectal, reflexive possessive pronoun) his; her; its; their
him ġewāt Hrōþgār tō hofe sīnum ― For him Hrothgar went to his courtyard
þæt wīf tredeð mid sīnum fōtum ― The woman walks with her feet
þeċ heriað Israhēla, herran sīnne ― Israel plunders you, their lord
Bær sēo brimwylf hringa þengel tō hofe sīnum ― The sea-wolf carried the Prince of Rings to her lair

Usage notes

Usually occurs in non-West Saxon dialects; rarely occurs in West Saxon prose, where it was replaced early on by the genitive forms: his, hire, and heora.

Declension

Declension of sīn — Strong only

Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	sīn	sīn	sīn
Accusative	sīnne	sīne	sīn
Genitive	sīnes	sīnre	sīnes
Dative	sīnum	sīnre	sīnum
Instrumental	sīne	sīnre	sīne
Plural	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	sīne	sīna, sīne	sīn
Accusative	sīne	sīna, sīne	sīn
Genitive	sīnra	sīnra	sīnra
Dative	sīnum	sīnum	sīnum
Instrumental	sīnum	sīnum	sīnum

Old High German

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *sinn.

Noun

sin m

sense
mind
spirit
thought
intention

Declension

Declension of sin (masculine a-stem)

case	singular	plural
nominative	sin	sina
accusative	sin	sina
genitive	sines	sino
dative	sine	sinum
instrumental	sinu	—

Descendants

Middle High German: sin
- German: Sinn
- Luxembourgish: Sënn

References

Köbler, Gerhard, Althochdeutsches Wörterbuch, (6. Auflage) 2014

Old Irish

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *sindos (compare Welsh hyn), from Proto-Indo-European *sḗm (“one”) or *só (“that”); strong doublet of in (“the”).

Determiner

sin

that, those (used after the noun, which is preceded by the definite article)
Synonym: tall
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 14^c23
  co beid .i. co mbed a ndéde sin im labrad-sa .i. gáu et fír .i. combad sain a n‑as·berin ó bélib et aní imme·rádin ó chridiu
  so that there may be, i.e. so that those two things might be in my speaking, namely false and true, i.e. so that what I might say with [my] lips and what I might think with [my] heart might be different
- c. 845, St Gall Glosses on Priscian, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1975, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. II, pp. 49–224, Sg. 26^b7
  De dliguth trá inna n-il-toimdden sin, is de gaibthi “igitur”; quasi dixisset “Ní fail ní nád taí mo dligeth-sa fair i ndegaid na comroircnech.”
  Of the law then, of those many opinions, it is thereof that he recites “igitur”; as if he had said, “There is nothing which my law does not touch upon after the erroneous ones.

Derived terms

ísin

Descendants

Irish: sin
Scottish Gaelic: sin
Manx: shen

Pronoun

sin

that (as a direct object, used together with a clitic pronoun)
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 14^d26
  Is i persin Crist da·gníu-sa sin.
  It is in the person of Christ that I do that.

Derived terms

insin

Old Norse

Alternative forms

sina

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *senawō.

Noun

sin f (genitive sinar)

cord, tendon, sinew; nerve

References

“sin”, in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press

Old Saxon

Etymology 1

From Proto-West Germanic *sīn.

Determiner

sīn m or n

(dialectal, reflexive possessive pronoun) his, its
- that thar sīn ist: that sculun iuuua seolon uuesen
  Those are his lies: that they shall be your souls
  (Heliand, verse 3832)

Declension

Declension of sīn

Strong declension
gender	masculine		neuter		feminine
case	singular	plural	singular	plural	singular	plural
nominative	sīn	sīne	sīn	sīnu	sīn	sīne
accusative	sīnana	sīne	sīn	sīnu	sīna	sīne
genitive	sīnes	sīnarō	sīnes	sīnarō	sīnaro	sīnarō
dative	sīnumu	sīnum	sīnumu	sīnum	sīnaro	sīnum

Weak declension
gender	masculine		neuter		feminine
case	singular	plural	singular	plural	singular	plural
nominative	sīno	sīnu	sīna	sīnu	sīna	sīnu
accusative	sīnun	sīnun	sīna	sīnun	sīnun	sīnun
genitive	sīnun	sīnonō	sīnun	sīnonō	sīnun	sīnonō
dative	sīnun	sīnum	sīnun	sīnum	sīnun	sīnum

Descendants

Low German: sien

Etymology 2

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁es- (“to be, exist”) (with some parts from Proto-Germanic *wesaną (“to be”)). Cognate with Old Dutch sīn (“to be”), Old English sēon (“to be”), Old High German sīn. More at sooth.

Verb

sīn (irregular)

to be (more at wesan)

Conjugation

Conjugation of sīn (irregular, suppletive)

indicative	present	past
infinitive	sīn
1st person singular	em, im	was
2nd person singular	*art	*wāri
3rd person singular	ist, is	was
plural	sind, sindun, *arun	wārun
subjunctive	present	past
1st person singular	sī	wāri
2nd person singular	sīs	wāris
3rd person singular	sī	wāri
plural	sīn	wārin
imperative	present
singular	wes, wis
plural	wesad, wesat, wesath
participle	present	past
	wesandi	giwesan

Descendants

Low German: sön, sennen

Old Spanish

Etymology

From Latin sine.

Preposition

sin

without
- c. 1200, Cantar del Mio Cid:
  Vio puertas abiertas e uços sin cannados
  He saw open doors and gates without locks

Antonyms

con

Descendants

Ladino: sin
Spanish: sin

Picard

Pronoun

sin m

his, hers or its

Romanian

Etymology

From Old Church Slavonic сꙑнъ (synŭ), from Proto-Slavic *synъ (“son”).

Noun

sin m (uncountable)

(dated, regional) son of (in patronymics)

Declension

declension of sin (singular only)

	singular
m gender	indefinite articulation	definite articulation
nominative/accusative	(un) sin	sinul
genitive/dative	(unui) sin	sinului
vocative	sinule

Saterland Frisian

Etymology

From Old Frisian sīn, from Proto-West Germanic *sīn. Cognates include West Frisian syn and German sein.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /sɪn/

Determiner

sin (feminine sien, neuter sien, plural sien, predicative sinnen)

his

References

Marron C. Fort (2015), “sin”, in Saterfriesisches Wörterbuch mit einer phonologischen und grammatischen Übersicht, Buske, →ISBN

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology

From Old Irish sin.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ʃɪn/
(Harris, Uist) IPA^(key): /ʃɛn/ (as if spelled sean)

Pronoun

sin

that
Dè tha sin?
What is that?

Derived terms

mar sin

Determiner

sin

(used with the definite article) that
an gille sin
that boy

Derived terms

an sin (“there; then”)
air a shon sin (“nevertheless”)
an dèidh sin (“afterwards; nevertheless”)
cho math ri sin (“furthermore”)
iad sin (“those”)

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology 1

From Proto-Slavic *synъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *sū́ˀnus, from Proto-Indo-European *suHnús.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /sîːn/

Noun

sȋn m (Cyrillic spelling си̑н)

son

Declension

Declension of sin

	singular	plural
nominative	sȋn	sȉnovi
genitive	sȋna	sȉnōvā
dative	sȋnu	sȉnovima
accusative	sȋna	sȉnove
vocative	sȋne	sȉnovi
locative	sínu	sȉnovima
instrumental	sȋnom	sȉnovima

Etymology 2

From Hebrew ש‎.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /sîn/

Noun

sȉn m (Cyrillic spelling си̏н)

sin (letter of various Semitic abjads)

Declension

Declension of sin

	singular	plural
nominative	sin	sini
genitive	sina	sina
dative	sinu	sinima
accusative	sina	sine
vocative	sine	sini
locative	sinu	sinima
instrumental	sinom	sinima

Slovene

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *synъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *sū́ˀnus, from Proto-Indo-European *suHnús.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /síːn/

Noun

sȋn m anim

son

Inflection

Declension of sin
nom. sing.	sin
gen. sing.	sina
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	sin	sinova	sinovi
accusative	sin / sinu	sinova	sinove
genitive	sina	sinov	sinov
dative	sinu	sinovoma	sinovom
locative	sinu	sinovih	sinovih
instrumental	sinom	sinovoma	sinovi

Spanish

Etymology

From Old Spanish sin, from Latin sine. Cognate with English sans, French sans, Italian senza, and Portuguese sem.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈsin/ [ˈsĩn]
Audio (Colombia) (file)
Rhymes: -in
Syllabification: sin

Preposition

sin

without
Antonym: con

Derived terms

sin cuartel
sin demora
sin duda
sin embargo
sin igual
sin ir más lejos
sin más preámbulos
sin papeles
sin respiración
sin ton ni son

Swedish

Etymology 1

Nominalisation of sina (“run dry”).

Noun

sin ?

Dryness, the state of having run dry.

Usage notes

Most commonly used when referring to either milk or funds.

Etymology 2

From Old Swedish sīn, from Old Norse sínn, from Proto-Germanic *sīnaz. Cognate with Danish sin, Gothic 𐍃𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 (seins), German sein, Dutch zijn.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /siːn/

Pronoun

sin c (neuter sitt, plural sina)

his (own), her (own), its (own), their (own). (Reflexive possessive third person pronoun).
Han hämtade sin post för tio minuter sedan.
He picked up his (own) mail ten minutes ago.
Compare:
Han hämtade hans post för tio minuter sedan.
He picked up his (somebody else’s) mail ten minutes ago.
Hon samlar sina dikter i en låda.
She collects her poems in a box.
Hunden tycker inte om sitt halsband.
The dog doesn’t like its collar.
De tog sina papper och lämnade mötet.
They gathered their papers and left the meeting.

Usage notes

The inflection of the word sin is determined by the gender and number of the object: sin for common singular, sitt for neuter singular, and sina for plural, just like an adjective.

Declension

Swedish personal pronouns

Number	Person	Type	Nominative	Oblique	Possessive
Number	Person	Type	Nominative	Oblique	common	neuter	plural
singular	first	—	jag	mig, mej³	min	mitt	mina
	second	—	du	dig, dej³	din	ditt	dina
	third	masculine (person)	han	honom, han², en⁵	hans
		feminine (person)	hon	henne, na⁵	hennes
		gender-neutral (person)¹	hen	hen, henom⁷	hens
		common (noun)	den	den	dess
		neuter (noun)	det	det	dess
		indefinite	man or en⁴	en	ens
		reflexive	—	sig, sej³	sin	sitt	sina
plural	first	—	vi	oss	vår, våran²	vårt, vårat²	våra
	second	—	ni	er	er, eran², ers⁶	ert, erat²	era
	second	archaic	I	eder	eder, eders⁶	edert	edra
	third	—	de, dom³	dem, dom³	deras
	third	reflexive	—	sig, sej³	sin	sitt	sina

¹Neologism. Usage has increased since 2010, and has gained widespread acceptance today.

²Informal

³Colloquial pronunciation spelling.

⁴Dialectal, also used lately as an alternative to man, to avoid association to the male gender.

⁵Informal, somewhat dialectal

⁶Formal address

⁷Discouraged by the Swedish Language Council

Tatar

Pronoun

sin

you (singular), thou

Turkish

Etymology 1

From Proto-Turkic *sï(y)n (“monument, tomb”).[1]

Noun

sin (definite accusative sini, plural sinler)

(dated) grave, burial place

Inflection

Inflection
Nominative	sin
Definite accusative	sini
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	sin	sinler
Definite accusative	sini	sinleri
Dative	sine	sinlere
Locative	sinde	sinlerde
Ablative	sinden	sinlerden
Genitive	sinin	sinlerin

References

Starostin, Sergei; Dybo, Anna; Mudrak, Oleg (2003), “*sɨ(j)n”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill

Etymology 2

From Arabic سِين (sīn).

Noun

sin

Letter of the Arabic alphabet: س

Vietnamese

Etymology

From Translingual sin, from English sine, from Latin sinus.

Pronunciation

(Hà Nội) IPA^(key): [sin˧˧]

(Huế) IPA^(key): [ʂin˧˧]

(Hồ Chí Minh City) IPA^(key): [ʂɨn˧˧] ~ [sɨn˧˧]

Noun

sin

(trigonometry) sine
Sin đi học. Cos không hư. Tang đoàn kết. Cotang kết đoàn.
SOH-CAH-TOA
(literally, “Sine goes to school. Cosine isn't naughty. Tangent unifies. Cotangent does too.”)

Welsh

Etymology

From Middle English sine, from Old French signe.

Noun

sin m (plural sinau, not mutable)

sign, symbol, emblem

West Frisian

Etymology

From Old Frisian sinn, from Proto-West Germanic *sinn.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /sɪn/

Noun

sin c (plural sinnen, diminutive sintsje)

sentence (syntactic unit containing a subject and a predicate)
sense (means of experiencing the external world)
meaning, sense, significance

Noun

sin n (plural sinnen, diminutive sintsje)

mood
opinion, view

Yoruba

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /sĩ̀/

Verb

sìn

(transitive) to worship a deity; to revere
(transitive) to serve

Usage notes

sin before a direct object

Derived terms

ẹ̀sìn (“religion”)
ìsìn (“religious worship”)

Related terms

bọ (“to worship; to sacrifice to a divinity”)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /sĩ̀/

Verb

sìn

(transitive) to domesticate an animal or plant

Usage notes

sin before a direct object

Derived terms

ọ̀sìn (“domestication”)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /sĩ̀/

Verb

sìn

(transitive) to give a girl away in marriage

Usage notes

sin before a direct object

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /sĩ̀/

Verb

sìn

(transitive) to accompany or escort someone; to keep company of someone; to guide

Usage notes

sin before a direct object

Derived terms

ìsìn

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /sĩ̀/

Verb

sìn

(transitive) to serve, to work for someone

Usage notes

sin before a direct object

Derived terms

ìsìn (“servitude”)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /sĩ̀/

Verb

sìn

(transitive) to demand something from someone to recover it

Usage notes

sin before a direct object

Derived terms

ìsìn

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /sĩ̄/

Verb

sin

(transitive) to bury in soil

Derived terms

sìnkú (“to bury the dead”)
ìsin (“burial”)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /sĩ̄/

Verb

sin

(transitive) to lie hidden, to remain secret
ọ̀rọ̀ náà sin ― the matter remains secret

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /sĩ́/

Verb

sín

(transitive, usually with gbẹ́rẹ́) to incise the body (usually in the process of traditional rituals)
Synonym: síngbẹ́rẹ́

Derived terms

ìsíngbẹ́rẹ́ (“scarification”)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /sĩ́/

Verb

sín

(intransitive) to sneeze

Derived terms

ìsín (“the act of sneezing”)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /sĩ́/

Verb

sín

(intransitive) to string or piece things together
Synonym: sò

Derived terms

ìsín

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /sĩ́/

Verb

sín

(intransitive) to crack a nut (to reach the inner seed or kernel)

Derived terms

ìsín
sínkùrọ́

Zhuang

Etymology

From Chinese 辛 (MC siɪn).

Pronunciation

(Standard Zhuang) IPA^(key): /θin˨˦/

Tone numbers: sin¹

Hyphenation: sin

Noun

sin (Sawndip form 辛, 1957–1982 spelling sin)

the eighth of the ten heavenly stems

sin

Translingual

Symbol

English

Etymology 1

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

Noun

Synonyms

Derived terms

Translations

Verb

Derived terms

Translations

Etymology 2

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

Noun

Noun

Anagrams

Afar

Pronunciation

Pronoun

See also

Determiner

See also

References

Afrikaans

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Noun

Derived terms

Particle

Aromanian

Alternative forms

Etymology

Noun

See also

Asturian

Preposition

Breton

Etymology

Noun

Cebuano

Etymology

Noun

Cornish

Etymology

Noun

Danish

Etymology

Pronunciation

Pronoun

See also

Esperanto

Pronunciation

Pronoun

Fon

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

References

Gun

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Noun

Pronunciation

Particle

References

Hausa

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Hunsrik

Etymology

Pronunciation

Verb

Inflection

Derived terms

Further reading