aspero
See also: áspero
Latin
Etymology
From asper (“rough”) + -ō.
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈas.pe.roː/, [ˈäs̠pɛroː]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈas.pe.ro/, [ˈäspero]
Verb
asperō (present infinitive asperāre, perfect active asperāvī, supine asperātum); first conjugation
- I make rough or uneven, roughen.
- I make sharp, sharpen, whet.
- I make fierce, rouse up, excite, enrage, exasperate.
Conjugation
| Conjugation of asperō (first conjugation) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| indicative | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | asperō | asperās | asperat | asperāmus | asperātis | asperant |
| imperfect | asperābam | asperābās | asperābat | asperābāmus | asperābātis | asperābant | |
| future | asperābō | asperābis | asperābit | asperābimus | asperābitis | asperābunt | |
| perfect | asperāvī | asperāvistī | asperāvit | asperāvimus | asperāvistis | asperāvērunt, asperāvēre | |
| pluperfect | asperāveram | asperāverās | asperāverat | asperāverāmus | asperāverātis | asperāverant | |
| future perfect | asperāverō | asperāveris | asperāverit | asperāverimus | asperāveritis | asperāverint | |
| passive | present | asperor | asperāris, asperāre | asperātur | asperāmur | asperāminī | asperantur |
| imperfect | asperābar | asperābāris, asperābāre | asperābātur | asperābāmur | asperābāminī | asperābantur | |
| future | asperābor | asperāberis, asperābere | asperābitur | asperābimur | asperābiminī | asperābuntur | |
| perfect | asperātus + present active indicative of sum | ||||||
| pluperfect | asperātus + imperfect active indicative of sum | ||||||
| future perfect | asperātus + future active indicative of sum | ||||||
| subjunctive | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | asperem | asperēs | asperet | asperēmus | asperētis | asperent |
| imperfect | asperārem | asperārēs | asperāret | asperārēmus | asperārētis | asperārent | |
| perfect | asperāverim | asperāverīs | asperāverit | asperāverīmus | asperāverītis | asperāverint | |
| pluperfect | asperāvissem | asperāvissēs | asperāvisset | asperāvissēmus | asperāvissētis | asperāvissent | |
| passive | present | asperer | asperēris, asperēre | asperētur | asperēmur | asperēminī | asperentur |
| imperfect | asperārer | asperārēris, asperārēre | asperārētur | asperārēmur | asperārēminī | asperārentur | |
| perfect | asperātus + present active subjunctive of sum | ||||||
| pluperfect | asperātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum | ||||||
| imperative | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | — | asperā | — | — | asperāte | — |
| future | — | asperātō | asperātō | — | asperātōte | asperantō | |
| passive | present | — | asperāre | — | — | asperāminī | — |
| future | — | asperātor | asperātor | — | — | asperantor | |
| non-finite forms | active | passive | |||||
| present | perfect | future | present | perfect | future | ||
| infinitives | asperāre | asperāvisse | asperātūrum esse | asperārī | asperātum esse | asperātum īrī | |
| participles | asperāns | — | asperātūrus | — | asperātus | asperandus | |
| verbal nouns | gerund | supine | |||||
| genitive | dative | accusative | ablative | accusative | ablative | ||
| asperandī | asperandō | asperandum | asperandō | asperātum | asperātū | ||
Derived terms
- asperātus
- exasperō
Related terms
- asper
References
- “aspero”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “aspero”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- aspero in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
- Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book, London: Macmillan and Co.
- (ambiguous) rough and hilly ground: loca aspera et montuosa (Planc. 9. 22)
- (ambiguous) rough and hilly ground: loca aspera et montuosa (Planc. 9. 22)
Portuguese
Adjective
aspero (feminine aspera, masculine plural asperos, feminine plural asperas)
- Obsolete spelling of áspero