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单词 sic
释义

sic

See also: SIC, siç, sić, šić, and šič

English

Alternative forms

  • [sic] (adverb only)

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /sɪk/
  • Audio (UK)(file)
  • Audio (US)(file)
  • Rhymes: -ɪk
  • Homophones: sick, Sikh (one pronunciation)

Etymology 1

Learned borrowing from Latin sīc (“thus, so”).

Adverb

sic (not comparable)

  1. Thus; thus written; used to indicate, for example, that text is being quoted as it is from the source.
    • 1971, H. E. Wilkie Young; Elie Khadouri[e], quoting William Taylor, “Narratives of Identity: The Syrian Orthodox Church and the Church of England”, in Middle Eastern Studies, volume 7, quoted in Mosul in 1909, page 229:
      When it is all over they merge and go in a body to visit [...] the Telegraph Office – with plausible expressions of regret and excuses for the mob ‘which’ they say ‘is deplorably ignorant and will not be restrained when its feelings are strongly moved’ – sic, the fact being that the mob’s feelings will never be ‘moved’ unless it is by one of them.
    • 2003, Monika Fludernik, The Fictions of Language and the Languages of Fiction, Routledge, →ISBN, page 468:
      Bolinger, Dwight (1977) ‘Pronoun and repeated nouns.’ Lingua18:1-34 [Quoted sic in Toolan 1990. Neither in Lingua 18, nor in the 1977 volume of that journal.]
    • 2006, Christina Scull; Wayne G. Hammond, JRR Tolkien companion & guide, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, →ISBN:
      Joseph Wright, his predecessor in the chair, called him ‘a firstrate Scholar and a kind of man who will easily make friends’ at Oxford (quoted, sic, in E.M. Wright, The Life of Joseph Wright (1932), p. 483).
    • 2010, Paul Booth, Digital Fandom: New Media Studies, Peter Lang, →ISBN, page 127:
      Jim’s Interests: General: Working out, hanging out at the local bars, expanding my mind, eating Tuna Sandwhiches...or so I’m told and poker... Television: ... this show that’s on Thuresday nights at 8 :30pm... I can’t place the name of it but it has this crazy interview style thing...[all sic]
    • 2012, Milton J. Bates, The Bark River Chronicles: Stories from a Wisconsin Watershed, Wisconsin Historical Society, →ISBN, page 271:
      whole bussiness: Quoted sic in George F. Willison, Saints and Strangers (New York: Reynal and Hitchcock, 1945)
Usage notes

Sic is frequently used to indicate that an error or apparent error of spelling, grammar, or logic has been quoted faithfully; for instance, quoting the U.S. Constitution:

The House of Representatives shall chuse [sic] their Speaker ...

Sic is often set off from surrounding text by parentheses or brackets, which sometimes enclose additional notes, as:

  • 1884, James Grant, Cassell’s old and new Edinburgh, page 99:
    This I may say of her, to which all that saw her will bear record, that her only countenance moved [sic, meaning that its expression alone was touching], although she had not spoken a word […]

Because it is not an abbreviation, it does not require a following period.

  • sic pro (used to note the error and supply the supposed intented phrasing)
  • sic passim (used to indicate that the preceding word, phrase, or term is used in the same manner (or form) throughout the remainder of a text)
  • sic transit gloria mundi (fame is temporary; lit. “so passes the glory of the world”)
  • sic semper tyrannis (“thus always to tyrants”, a quotation attributed to Brutus at the assassination of Caesar, and shouted in reference by John Wilkes Booth after he assassinated Abraham Lincoln)
Translations

Verb

sic (third-person singular simple present sics, present participle siccing, simple past and past participle sicced)

  1. To mark with a bracketed sic.[1]
    • 1887 May 7, E. Belfort Bax, “On Some Forms of Modern Cant”, in Commonweal‎:
      The fact is, of course, that the modern reviewer’s taste is not really shocked by half the things he sics or otherwise castigates, but he must find something to say and above all make a slow of purism.

Etymology 2

Variant of seek.

Alternative forms

  • sick

Verb

sic (third-person singular simple present sics, present participle siccing, simple past and past participle sicced)

  1. (transitive) To incite an attack by, especially a dog or dogs.
    He sicced his dog on me!
    • 1992, Bruce Sterling, The Hacker Crackdown‎, →ISBN:
      Phreaks can max-out 911 systems just by siccing a bunch of computer-modems on them in tandem, dialling them over and over until they clog.
    • 2019, Merchant, Brian, “Click Here to Kill: The dark world of online murder markets”, in Harper’s Magazine‎, volume 2020, number January:
      I was interviewing the victims of a harebrained scheme to sic contract killers on an innocent woman
  2. (transitive) To set upon; to chase; to attack.
    Sic ’em, Mitzi.
Usage notes
  • The sense of “set upon” is most commonly used as an imperative, in a command to an animal.
Translations

References

  1. “sic, adv. (and n.)” Oxford English Dictionary, Second Edition 1989. Oxford University Press.

Anagrams

  • -ics, CIS, CIs, CSI, ICS, ICs, I²Cs, SCI, Sci., cis, cis-, sci, sci.

Dutch

Etymology

From Latin sīc (“thus, so”).

Pronunciation

  • Audio(file)

Adverb

sic

  1. sic (thus)

Usage notes

Sic is frequently used to indicate that an error or apparent error of spelling, grammar, or logic has been quoted faithfully. In Flanders, it is also used to quote derogatory terms in a formal context.

‘Ik heb begrepen dat ik “geoordeeld” (sic) zal worden door de geschiedenis, ik veronderstel dat we dat allemaal ooit zullen ondergaan.’- French-speaking journalist Alexandre Penasse is quoted by newspaper De Standaard making a mistake against the Dutch language, as it is clear from the context that he meant “veroordeeld”. 19/02/2022.

French

Etymology

From Latin sīc (“thus, so”). Doublet of si.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /sik/
  • Audio(file)

Adverb

sic

  1. sic (thus)

Usage notes

Same usage notes as in English apply.

Further reading

  • “sic”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Latin

Alternative forms

  • sīce (non-apocopated)
  • seic (standard in Republican spelling)
  • seice

Etymology

Regular apocope of sīce, from sī +‎ -ce, from Proto-Indo-European *só (“this, that”) and Proto-Indo-European *ḱe- (“demonstrative particle”). See also components for cognates.

Pronunciation

  • (Classical) IPA(key): /siːk/, [s̠iːk]
  • (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /sik/, [sik]

Adverb

sīc (not comparable)

  1. thus, so, like this, in this way
    • 45 BC, Cicero, Tusculanae Disputationes, Book II.42
      Ut ager, quamvis fertilis, sine cultura fructuosus esse non potest, sic sine doctrina animus.
      Just as the field, however fertile, without cultivation cannot be fruitful, likewise the soul without education.
    1. as stated or as follows, to this effect
    2. (as a correlative to ut, quōmodo etc.)
    3. (with restrictive or conditional force, also with ut or nē)
    4. in such a (good or bad) way, like that, so much

Synonyms

  • ita
  • hōc modō
  • ad hunc modum
  • in hunc modum
  • adeō
  • tam
  • tantopere

Derived terms

  • sīc quia
  • *ad sīc
  • *eccum sīc

Derived terms

  • sīcin(e) (“intensified interrogative sīc”)
  • sīcut(i) (“as”)
  • sīc trānsit glōria mundī
  • sīc semper tyrannīs
  • ut sīc dīcam (“so to speak”)
Latin correlatives (edit)
typeinterrogativeindefinite(medial)
demonstrative		proximal
demonstrative		distal
demonstrative		relativeindefinite
relative		identityother
basicquis, quīquis, quī, quīdam, aliquis, aliquī, quisque, quisquam, aliquisquam, quispiam, ūllusis, iste, istichicille, illicquīquisquis, quīcumqueipse, īdemalter, alius
dualuteralteruter, uterqueuterutercumque
numberquotaliquottotquotquotquot, quotcumquetotidem
orderquotustotusquotusquotuscumque
quantityquamaliquamtamquam†quamquam†tamen, †tandem
sizequantusaliquantustantusquantusquantuscumquetantusdem
qualityquālisaliquālistālisquālisquālis, quāliscumque
mannerut, quī, quō modō, quōmodo, quemadmodumutique, quī, quōdam modō, aliquō modōita, sic, eō/istō modōhōc modōillō modōut, quī, quō modō, quōmodo, quemadmodumutut, utcumque, quōmodocumqueitem, itidemaliter, aliōquī, alterō/aliō modō
method,
path,
place		quāaliquā, quāqueeā, istāchācillācquāquāquā, quācumqueeādemaliā
placeubialicubi, ubique, usquam, uspiamibi, istichīcillīcubiubiubi, ubicumqueibidemalibī, aliās
sourceundealicunde, undeundeinde, istinchincillincundeundecumqueindidemaliunde
destinationquō, quōrsumaliquō, quōquam, quōpiam, °aliquōvorsumeō, istūc, °istōrsumhūc, °hōrsumillūc, °illōrsumquōquōquō, quōcumqueeōdemaliō, aliorsum
timequandōquondam, aliquandō, quandōque, umquamtum, tuncnum, nuncōlimcum, quandōcumque, quandōcumque, quandōquesimulaliās
exact timequota hōraea/ista hōrahac hōrailla hōraquota hōraquotacumque hōraeadem hōraaltera/alia hōra
repetitionquotiēnsaliquotiēnstotiēnsquotiēnsquotiēnscumque
multiplicationquotuplextotuplexquotuplex
† Turned conjunction with original meaning somewhat dissimulated
° Rare

Descendants

  • Aromanian: shi
  • Asturian: sí
  • Catalan: sí
  • Corsican: sì
  • Dalmatian: sai
  • Franco-Provençal: si, -se (in asse, ense)
  • French: si
  • Friulian: sì
  • Galician: si
  • Italian: sì
  • Megleno-Romanian: și
  • Portuguese: sim
  • Romanian: și
  • Romansch: schi
  • Sicilian: sì, sè
  • Spanish: sí
  • → English: sic

References

  • “sic”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “sic”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • sic in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
  • Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
    • that is the way of the world; such is life: sic vita hominum est
    • the facts are these; the matter stands thus: res ita est, ita (sic) se habet
    • convince yourself of this; rest assured on this point: sic habeto
    • convince yourself of this; rest assured on this point: sic volo te tibi persuadere
    • to represent a thing dramatically: sic exponere aliquid, quasi agatur res (non quasi narretur)
    • anger is defined as a passionate desire for revenge: iracundiam sic (ita) definiunt, ut ulciscendi libidinem esse dicant or ut u. libido sit or iracundiam sic definiunt, ulc. libidinem
    • I felt quite at home in his house: apud eum sic fui tamquam domi meae (Fam. 13. 69)
  • sic in Ramminger, Johann (accessed 16 July 2016) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎, pre-publication website, 2005-2016
  • Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN

Portuguese

Adverb

sic (not comparable)

  1. sic (used to indicate that a quoted word has been transcribed exactly as found in the source text)

Romanian

Etymology

From Latin sic.

Adverb

sic

  1. sic

Scots

Alternative forms

  • sich

Etymology

From Middle English sich, from Old English swelc.

Adjective

sic (not comparable)

  1. such
    • 1869, Robert Burns, “The Tree of Liberty”, in Poems, Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect, volume III (Posthumous Poems) (in English), Kilmarnock, Scotland: […] James M‘Kie, OCLC 892088677, page 360:
      I’d gie my ſhoon frae aff my feet, / To taſte ſic fruit, I ſwear, man. / Syne let us pray, auld England may / Sure plant this far-famed tree, man; / And blythe we’ll ſing, and hail the day / That gave us liberty, man.

Pronoun

sic

  1. such

Serbo-Croatian

Alternative forms

  • zȉc

Etymology

From Upper German Sitz.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /sît͡s/

Noun

sȉc m (Cyrillic spelling си̏ц)

  1. (dialectal) seat (of a vehicle)
    Synonym: sjȅdalo

Further reading

  • “sic” in Hrvatski jezični portal
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