shtua

shtua

Swahili

Verb

-shtua (infinitive kushtua)

1. to shock, startle

Conjugation

Conjugation of -shtua
Non-finite forms
Form					Positive							Negative
Infinitive					kushtua							kutoshtua
Simple finite forms
Positive form					Singular							Plural
Imperative					shtua							shtueni
Habitual					hushtua
Complex finite forms
Polarity	Persons				Persons / Classes		Classes
	1st		2nd		3rd / M-wa		M-mi		Ma		Ki-vi		N		U	Ku	Pa	Mu
	Sg.	Pl.	Sg.	Pl.	Sg. / 1	Pl. / 2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11 / 14	15 / 17	16	18
Past Positive nilishtua nalishtua tulishtua twalishtua ulishtua walishtua mlishtua mwalishtua alishtua walishtua ulishtua ilishtua lilishtua yalishtua kilishtua vilishtua ilishtua zilishtua ulishtua kulishtua palishtua mulishtua Relative nilioshtua nalioshtua tulioshtua twalioshtua ulioshtua walioshtua mlioshtua mwalioshtua alioshtua walioshtua ulioshtua ilioshtua lilioshtua yalioshtua kilioshtua vilioshtua ilioshtua zilioshtua ulioshtua kulioshtua palioshtua mulioshtua Negative sikushtua hatukushtua hukushtua hamkushtua hakushtua hawakushtua haukushtua haikushtua halikushtua hayakushtua hakikushtua havikushtua haikushtua hazikushtua haukushtua hakukushtua hapakushtua hamukushtua
Present Positive ninashtua nashtua tunashtua unashtua mnashtua anashtua wanashtua unashtua inashtua linashtua yanashtua kinashtua vinashtua inashtua zinashtua unashtua kunashtua panashtua munashtua Relative ninaoshtua naoshtua tunaoshtua unaoshtua mnaoshtua anaoshtua wanaoshtua unaoshtua inaoshtua linaoshtua yanaoshtua kinaoshtua vinaoshtua inaoshtua zinaoshtua unaoshtua kunaoshtua panaoshtua munaoshtua Negative sishtui hatushtui hushtui hamshtui hashtui hawashtui haushtui haishtui halishtui hayashtui hakishtui havishtui haishtui hazishtui haushtui hakushtui hapashtui hamushtui
Future Positive nitashtua tutashtua utashtua mtashtua atashtua watashtua utashtua itashtua litashtua yatashtua kitashtua vitashtua itashtua zitashtua utashtua kutashtua patashtua mutashtua Relative nitakaoshtua tutakaoshtua utakaoshtua mtakaoshtua atakaoshtua watakaoshtua utakaoshtua itakaoshtua litakaoshtua yatakaoshtua kitakaoshtua vitakaoshtua itakaoshtua zitakaoshtua utakaoshtua kutakaoshtua patakaoshtua mutakaoshtua Negative sitashtua hatutashtua hutashtua hamtashtua hatashtua hawatashtua hautashtua haitashtua halitashtua hayatashtua hakitashtua havitashtua haitashtua hazitashtua hautashtua hakutashtua hapatashtua hamutashtua
Subjunctive Positive nishtue tushtue ushtue mshtue ashtue washtue ushtue ishtue lishtue yashtue kishtue vishtue ishtue zishtue ushtue kushtue pashtue mushtue Negative nisishtue tusishtue usishtue msishtue asishtue wasishtue usishtue isishtue lisishtue yasishtue kisishtue visishtue isishtue zisishtue usishtue kusishtue pasishtue musishtue
Present Conditional Positive ningeshtua tungeshtua ungeshtua mngeshtua angeshtua wangeshtua ungeshtua ingeshtua lingeshtua yangeshtua kingeshtua vingeshtua ingeshtua zingeshtua ungeshtua kungeshtua pangeshtua mungeshtua Negative nisingeshtua singeshtua tusingeshtua hatungeshtua usingeshtua hungeshtua msingeshtua hamngeshtua asingeshtua hangeshtua wasingeshtua hawangeshtua usingeshtua haungeshtua isingeshtua haingeshtua lisingeshtua halingeshtua yasingeshtua hayangeshtua kisingeshtua hakingeshtua visingeshtua havingeshtua isingeshtua haingeshtua zisingeshtua hazingeshtua usingeshtua haungeshtua kusingeshtua hakungeshtua pasingeshtua hapangeshtua musingeshtua hamungeshtua
Past Conditional Positive ningalishtua tungalishtua ungalishtua mngalishtua angalishtua wangalishtua ungalishtua ingalishtua lingalishtua yangalishtua kingalishtua vingalishtua ingalishtua zingalishtua ungalishtua kungalishtua pangalishtua mungalishtua Negative nisingalishtua singalishtua tusingalishtua hatungalishtua usingalishtua hungalishtua msingalishtua hamngalishtua asingalishtua hangalishtua wasingalishtua hawangalishtua usingalishtua haungalishtua isingalishtua haingalishtua lisingalishtua halingalishtua yasingalishtua hayangalishtua kisingalishtua hakingalishtua visingalishtua havingalishtua isingalishtua haingalishtua zisingalishtua hazingalishtua usingalishtua haungalishtua kusingalishtua hakungalishtua pasingalishtua hapangalishtua musingalishtua hamungalishtua
Conditional Contrary to Fact Positive ningelishtua tungelishtua ungelishtua mngelishtua angelishtua wangelishtua ungelishtua ingelishtua lingelishtua yangelishtua kingelishtua vingelishtua ingelishtua zingelishtua ungelishtua kungelishtua pangelishtua mungelishtua
General Relative Positive nishtuao tushtuao ushtuao mshtuao ashtuao washtuao ushtuao ishtuao lishtuao yashtuao kishtuao vishtuao ishtuao zishtuao ushtuao kushtuao pashtuao mushtuao Negative nisioshtua tusioshtua usioshtua msioshtua asioshtua wasioshtua usioshtua isioshtua lisioshtua yasioshtua kisioshtua visioshtua isioshtua zisioshtua usioshtua kusioshtua pasioshtua musioshtua
Gnomic Positive nashtua twashtua washtua mwashtua ashtua washtua washtua yashtua lashtua yashtua chashtua vyashtua yashtua zashtua washtua kwashtua pashtua mwashtua
Perfect Positive nimeshtua tumeshtua umeshtua mmeshtua ameshtua wameshtua umeshtua imeshtua limeshtua yameshtua kimeshtua vimeshtua imeshtua zimeshtua umeshtua kumeshtua pameshtua mumeshtua
"Already" Positive nimeshashtua tumeshashtua umeshashtua mmeshashtua ameshashtua wameshashtua umeshashtua imeshashtua limeshashtua yameshashtua kimeshashtua vimeshashtua imeshashtua zimeshashtua umeshashtua kumeshashtua pameshashtua mumeshashtua
"Not yet" Negative sijashtua hatujashtua hujashtua hamjashtua hajashtua hawajashtua haujashtua haijashtua halijashtua hayajashtua hakijashtua havijashtua haijashtua hazijashtua haujashtua hakujashtua hapajashtua hamujashtua
"If/When" Positive nikishtua tukishtua ukishtua mkishtua akishtua wakishtua ukishtua ikishtua likishtua yakishtua kikishtua vikishtua ikishtua zikishtua ukishtua kukishtua pakishtua mukishtua
"If not" Negative nisiposhtua tusiposhtua usiposhtua msiposhtua asiposhtua wasiposhtua usiposhtua isiposhtua lisiposhtua yasiposhtua kisiposhtua visiposhtua isiposhtua zisiposhtua usiposhtua kusiposhtua pasiposhtua musiposhtua
Consecutive Positive nikashtua tukashtua ukashtua mkashtua akashtua wakashtua ukashtua ikashtua likashtua yakashtua kikashtua vikashtua ikashtua zikashtua ukashtua kukashtua pakashtua mukashtua
Not all possible forms are listed in the table. Transitive verbs can take object concords, relative concords can agree with all noun classes, and many other forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Derived terms

• Verbal derivations:
  • Applicative: -shtulia
  • Causative: -shtusha
  • Stative: -shtuka