shoal

shoal

English

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /ʃəʊl/

• Audio (US)

  (file)

• Rhymes: -əʊl

Etymology 1

From Middle English schold, scholde, from Old English sċeald (“shallow”), perhaps from Proto-Germanic *skalidaz, past participle of *skaljaną (“to go dry, dry up, become shallow”), from *skalaz (“parched, shallow”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kelh₁- (“to dry out”). Cognate with Low German Scholl (“shallow water”), German schal (“stale, flat, vapid”). Compare shallow.

Alternative forms

• sheld (dialectal)
• shole, shoald, shold (dialectal)
• shaul, shawl, shauld, schald, shaud, shawd (Scotland)

Adjective

shoal (comparative shoaler, superlative shoalest)

1. (now rare) Shallow.

   shoal water

   • 1819, Lord Byron, Don Juan, III.19:

     But that part of the coast being shoal and bare, / And rough with reefs which ran out many a mile, / His port lay on the other side o' the isle.

Noun

shoal (plural shoals)

1. A sandbank or sandbar creating a shallow.
   • 1913, Joseph C. Lincoln, chapter 1, in Mr. Pratt's Patients:

     'Twas early June, the new grass was flourishing everywheres, the posies in the yard—peonies and such—in full bloom, the sun was shining, and the water of the bay was blue, with light green streaks where the shoal showed.

   • 1697, Virgil, “Aeneis”, in John Dryden, transl., The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], OCLC 403869432:

     The god himself with ready trident stands, / And opes the deep, and spreads the moving sands, / Then heaves them off the shoals.

2. A shallow in a body of water.
   • 1707, J[ohn] Mortimer, The Whole Art of Husbandry; or, The Way of Managing and Improving of Land. […], 2nd edition, London: […] J[ohn] H[umphreys] for H[enry] Mortlock […], and J[onathan] Robinson […], published 1708, OCLC 13320837:

     The depth of your pond should be six feet; and on the sides some shoals for the fish to sun themselves in and to lay their spawn.

   • 1613, William Shakespeare; [John Fletcher], “The Famous History of the Life of King Henry the Eight”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act III, scene ii]:

     Wolsey, that once trod the ways of glory, / And sounded all the depths and shoals of honour.

Synonyms

• (sandbank): sandbar, sandbank

Translations

sandbank

Bulgarian: банка (bg) f (banka) Chinese: Mandarin: 淺灘／浅滩 (zh) (qiǎntān) Czech: mělčina (cs) f Danish: revle (da) Dutch: zandbank (nl) c Esperanto: sablejo, sablobenko Finnish: särkkä (fi) French: banc de sable (fr) Galician: barra f, banco de area m, restinga (gl) f, taro m, sirte m, brica f German: Sandbank (de) f Greek: ρηχά (el) n pl (richá), ύφαλος (el) m (ýfalos) Hungarian: zátony (hu), turzás Igbo: ubòm Irish: scairbh (ga) f, oitir f Italian: secca (it) f, banco di sabbia m Japanese: 浅瀬 (ja) (あさせ, asase) Korean: 사주(砂洲) (ko) (saju), 모래톱 (moraetop) Macedonian: плитак m (plitak) Maori: tāhuna, tārake (exposed at low tide) Norwegian: sandbanke m Persian: سنار‎ (fa) (sanâr) Portuguese: banco de areia Russian: мелково́дье (ru) n (melkovódʹje), о́тмель (ru) f (ótmelʹ), ба́нка (ru) f (bánka), мель (ru) f (melʹ) Scottish Gaelic: oitir f Serbo-Croatian: Cyrillic: пличина f Roman: pličina (sh) f Spanish: bajío (es) m, bajo (es) m, banco de arena Swedish: sandbank (sv) c Tagalog: batuharang

a shallow

Bulgarian: плитчина (bg) f (plitčina) Finnish: matalikko (fi) German: Alemannic German: Gelungg Greek: Ancient: τέναγος n (ténagos) Maori: pāti

Verb

shoal (third-person singular simple present shoals, present participle shoaling, simple past and past participle shoaled)

1. To arrive at a shallow (or less deep) area.
2. (transitive) To cause a shallowing; to come to a more shallow part of.
   • 1859, Matthew Fontaine Maury, Explanations and Sailing Directions to Accompany the Wind and Current Charts

     Noting the rate at which she shoals her water - […]

3. To become shallow.

   The colour of the water shows where it shoals.

Etymology 2

1570, presumably from Middle English *schole (“school of fish”), from Old English sċeolu, sċolu (“troop or band of people, host, multitude, division of army, school of fish”), from Proto-West Germanic *skolu, from Proto-Germanic *skulō (“crowd”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kelH- (“to divide, split, separate”).

Cognate with West Frisian skoal (“shoal”), Middle Low German schōle (“multitude, troop”), Dutch school (“shoal of fishes”). Doublet of school.

Noun

shoal (plural shoals)

1. Any large number of persons or things.
   • 1625, Francis [Bacon], “Of Vicissitude of Things”, in The Essayes […], 3rd edition, London: […] Iohn Haviland for Hanna Barret, OCLC 863521290:

     great shoals of people

2. (collective) A large number of fish (or other sea creatures) of the same species swimming together.
   • c. 1661, Edmund Waller, On St. James's Park

     Beneath, a shoal of silver fishes glides.

   • 1851, Herman Melville, Moby Dick:

     He came directly from the shoal which we had just before entered, and in which we had struck three of his companions, as if fired with revenge for their sufferings.

Synonyms

• (fish): school

Translations

group of fish — see school

Verb

shoal (third-person singular simple present shoals, present participle shoaling, simple past and past participle shoaled)

1. To collect in a shoal; to throng.

   The fish shoaled about the place.

Anagrams

• HALOs, LOHAS, Sohal, halos, shola, solah