sheltron
English
WOTD – 26 March 2022
Etymology
| PIE word |
|---|
| *dóru |
A re-enactment of a sheltron (sense 1) or testudo of Roman soldiers at Archeon, an archaeological museum in Alphen aan den Rijn, Netherlands.
From Middle English scheltroun, sheltroun (“group of soldiers or army in fighting formation, phalanx; battle, fighting; group of warships, fleet; (by extension) line or row of bones”) [and other forms],[1] from Old English sċieldtruma (“company of soldiers, phalanx; covering; shed, shelter; tortoise”) [and other forms], from sċield (“shield; (figuratively) protection”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kelH- (“to cut; to separate, split”)) + truma (“band or troop of men”) (possibly from trum (“firm, strong; stable, steadfast”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *drew- (“firm, hard, solid; strong; tree”), *dóru (“tree”)).[2]
Pronunciation
- (Received Pronunciation, General American) IPA(key): /ˈʃɛltɹən/
Audio (Southern England) (file) - Hyphenation: shel‧tron
Noun
sheltron (plural sheltrons) (military, historical)
- A compact body of troops holding their shields close together to form a roof and a shield wall; a testudo.
- (by extension) Any compact body of troops forming a battle array or phalanx, especially such a body of Scottish troops armed with pikes during the Wars of Scottish Independence in the late 13th and early 14th centuries.
- [1408, R. Green, “Of the Warlike Weapons of the Ancients”, in Sylvanus Urban [pseudonym], editor, The Gentleman’s Magazine, and Historical Chronicle, volume XXIX, London: […] D[avid] Henry and R. Cave, […], published 14 November 1759, OCLC 192374019, page 521, column 1:
- The ſheltron of the foremen of the fyrſt ſort, ſhalbe ſet in the ryght corner, and wete thou well that cohort is not ellis but the numbre of fyfty hundred knyghtis, and eṽry legion is ten comportes. Than as I ſaid before, the ſheltron of foremen of the fyrſt cohort, ſhude be ſet in the fyr[ſ]t corner of the ſheldron, and to hem the ſecunde cohort ſhalbe joined. [From an anonymous English translation of Vigetus de re Militari.]]
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Alternative forms
- cheldrome, childrome (Scotland)
- sheltrum
Related terms
- shelter
- shield
Translations
compact body of troops holding their shields close together to form a roof and a shield wall — see testudo
any compact body of troops forming a battle array or phalanx
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References
- “sheltrǒun, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
- “† sheltron, n.1”, in OED Online
, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, December 2020; “† trume | trome, n.”, in OED Online , Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, June 2021.
Further reading
schiltron on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
Anagrams
- hornlets
Middle English
Noun
sheltron
- Alternative form of scheltroun