servir
Asturian
Etymology
From Latin servīre.
Verb
servir
- to serve
Related terms
- siervu
Catalan
Etymology
From Old Catalan servir, from Latin servīre.
Pronunciation
- (Balearic) IPA(key): /səɾˈvi/
- (Central) IPA(key): /sərˈbi/
- (Valencian) IPA(key): /seɾˈviɾ/
- Rhymes: -i(ɾ)
- Homophone: serví
Verb
servir (first-person singular present serveixo, past participle servit)
- to serve
- to be useful, to be good for
- 2019 September 18, Lluís Foix, “Negativisme desacomplexat”, in La Vanguardia:
- La veracitat que s’atorga a les enquestes d’opinió pot persuadir molta gent que la política i els polítics ja no serveixen per canviar les coses.
- The veracity granted to opinion polls can persuade many people that politics and politicians are no good anymore for changing things.
-
Conjugation
Conjugation of servir (third conjugation with -eix- infix)
| infinitive | servir | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present participle | servint | ||||||
| past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
| singular | servit | servida | |||||
| plural | servits | servides | |||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè | nosaltres nós | vosaltres vós | ells/elles vostès | |
| present | serveixo | serveixes | serveix | servim | serviu | serveixen | |
| imperfect | servia | servies | servia | servíem | servíeu | servien | |
| future | serviré | serviràs | servirà | servirem | servireu | serviran | |
| preterite | serví | servires | serví | servírem | servíreu | serviren | |
| conditional | serviria | serviries | serviria | serviríem | serviríeu | servirien | |
| subjunctive | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè | nosaltres nós | vosaltres vós | ells/elles vostès | |
| present | serveixi | serveixis | serveixi | servim | serviu | serveixin | |
| imperfect | servís | servissis | servís | servíssim | servíssiu | servissin | |
| imperative | — | tu | vostè | nosaltres | vosaltres vós | vostès | |
| — | serveix | serveixi | servim | serviu | serveixin | ||
Derived terms
- fer servir
Related terms
- serf
- servent
- servidor
- serviment
References
- “servir” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
- “servir”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2023
- “servir” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
- “servir” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
French
Etymology
From Middle French servir, from Old French servir, from Latin servīre.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /sɛʁ.viʁ/
audio (file)
Verb
servir
- to serve (to help in a shop; to bring a meal to someone)
- Je suis allée en France avec ma mère l'année dernière et le serveur nous a servi des escargots!
- I went to France last year with my mother and the waiter served us escargots!
- On vous a servie, madame?
- Have you been helped, madam?
- to be used for
- (transitive with à) to be useful for someone, to be of use, come in handy
- (sports) to serve (start a point with service)
- (sports) to set up (pass to, in order to give a scoring chance)
- (reflexive) to help oneself, to serve oneself
- (reflexive, transitive with de) to use, make use of
Conjugation
This is one of a fairly large group of irregular -ir verbs that are all conjugated the same way. Other members of this group include sortir and dormir. The most significant difference between these verbs' conjugation and that of the regular -ir verbs is that these verbs' conjugation does not use the infix -iss-. Further, this conjugation has the forms [[{stem}s#French|(je, tu) {stem}s]] and [[{stem}t#French|(il) {stem}t]] in the present indicative and imperative, whereas a regular -ir verb would have *servis and *servit (as in the past historic).
Conjugation of servir (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | servir | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | servant /sɛʁ.vɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | servi /sɛʁ.vi/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | sers /sɛʁ/ | sers /sɛʁ/ | sert /sɛʁ/ | servons /sɛʁ.vɔ̃/ | servez /sɛʁ.ve/ | servent /sɛʁv/ |
| imperfect | servais /sɛʁ.vɛ/ | servais /sɛʁ.vɛ/ | servait /sɛʁ.vɛ/ | servions /sɛʁ.vjɔ̃/ | serviez /sɛʁ.vje/ | servaient /sɛʁ.vɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | servis /sɛʁ.vi/ | servis /sɛʁ.vi/ | servit /sɛʁ.vi/ | servîmes /sɛʁ.vim/ | servîtes /sɛʁ.vit/ | servirent /sɛʁ.viʁ/ | |
| future | servirai /sɛʁ.vi.ʁe/ | serviras /sɛʁ.vi.ʁa/ | servira /sɛʁ.vi.ʁa/ | servirons /sɛʁ.vi.ʁɔ̃/ | servirez /sɛʁ.vi.ʁe/ | serviront /sɛʁ.vi.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | servirais /sɛʁ.vi.ʁɛ/ | servirais /sɛʁ.vi.ʁɛ/ | servirait /sɛʁ.vi.ʁɛ/ | servirions /sɛʁ.vi.ʁjɔ̃/ | serviriez /sɛʁ.vi.ʁje/ | serviraient /sɛʁ.vi.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) | present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | serve /sɛʁv/ | serves /sɛʁv/ | serve /sɛʁv/ | servions /sɛʁ.vjɔ̃/ | serviez /sɛʁ.vje/ | servent /sɛʁv/ |
| imperfect2 | servisse /sɛʁ.vis/ | servisses /sɛʁ.vis/ | servît /sɛʁ.vi/ | servissions /sɛʁ.vi.sjɔ̃/ | servissiez /sɛʁ.vi.sje/ | servissent /sɛʁ.vis/ | |
| (compound tenses) | past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | sers /sɛʁ/ | — | servons /sɛʁ.vɔ̃/ | servez /sɛʁ.ve/ | — | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
This is one of a fairly large group of irregular -ir verbs that are all conjugated the same way. Other members of this group include sortir and dormir. The most significant difference between these verbs' conjugation and that of the regular -ir verbs is that these verbs' conjugation does not use the infix -iss-. Further, this conjugation has the forms [[{stem}s#French|(je, tu) {stem}s]] and [[{stem}t#French|(il) {stem}t]] in the present indicative and imperative, whereas a regular -ir verb would have *servis and *servit (as in the past historic).
Conjugation of se servir (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | se servir | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | s'être + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | se servant /sə sɛʁ.vɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant or étant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | servi /sɛʁ.vi/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | me sers /mə sɛʁ/ | te sers /tə sɛʁ/ | se sert /sə sɛʁ/ | nous servons /nu sɛʁ.vɔ̃/ | vous servez /vu sɛʁ.ve/ | se servent /sə sɛʁv/ |
| imperfect | me servais /mə sɛʁ.vɛ/ | te servais /tə sɛʁ.vɛ/ | se servait /sə sɛʁ.vɛ/ | nous servions /nu sɛʁ.vjɔ̃/ | vous serviez /vu sɛʁ.vje/ | se servaient /sə sɛʁ.vɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | me servis /mə sɛʁ.vi/ | te servis /tə sɛʁ.vi/ | se servit /sə sɛʁ.vi/ | nous servîmes /nu sɛʁ.vim/ | vous servîtes /vu sɛʁ.vit/ | se servirent /sə sɛʁ.viʁ/ | |
| future | me servirai /mə sɛʁ.vi.ʁe/ | te serviras /tə sɛʁ.vi.ʁa/ | se servira /sə sɛʁ.vi.ʁa/ | nous servirons /nu sɛʁ.vi.ʁɔ̃/ | vous servirez /vu sɛʁ.vi.ʁe/ | se serviront /sə sɛʁ.vi.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | me servirais /mə sɛʁ.vi.ʁɛ/ | te servirais /tə sɛʁ.vi.ʁɛ/ | se servirait /sə sɛʁ.vi.ʁɛ/ | nous servirions /nu sɛʁ.vi.ʁjɔ̃/ | vous serviriez /vu sɛʁ.vi.ʁje/ | se serviraient /sə sɛʁ.vi.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) | present perfect | present indicative of s'être + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of s'être + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of s'être + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of s'être + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of s'être + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | me serve /mə sɛʁv/ | te serves /tə sɛʁv/ | se serve /sə sɛʁv/ | nous servions /nu sɛʁ.vjɔ̃/ | vous serviez /vu sɛʁ.vje/ | se servent /sə sɛʁv/ |
| imperfect2 | me servisse /mə sɛʁ.vis/ | te servisses /tə sɛʁ.vis/ | se servît /sə sɛʁ.vi/ | nous servissions /nu sɛʁ.vi.sjɔ̃/ | vous servissiez /vu sɛʁ.vi.sje/ | se servissent /sə sɛʁ.vis/ | |
| (compound tenses) | past | present subjunctive of s'être + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of s'être + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | sers-toi /sɛʁ.twa/ | — | servons-nous /sɛʁ.vɔ̃.nu/ | servez-vous /sɛʁ.ve.vu/ | — | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of s'être + past participle | — | simple imperative of s'être + past participle | simple imperative of s'être + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
This is one of a fairly large group of irregular -ir verbs that are all conjugated the same way. Other members of this group include sortir and dormir. The most significant difference between these verbs' conjugation and that of the regular -ir verbs is that these verbs' conjugation does not use the infix -iss-. Further, this conjugation has the forms [[{stem}s#French|(je, tu) {stem}s]] and [[{stem}t#French|(il) {stem}t]] in the present indicative and imperative, whereas a regular -ir verb would have *servis and *servit (as in the past historic).
Conjugation of s'en servir (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | s'en servir | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | s'en être + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | s'en servant /sɑ̃ sɛʁ.vɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | s'en étant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | servi /sɛʁ.vi/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | m'en sers /mɑ̃ sɛʁ/ | t'en sers /tɑ̃ sɛʁ/ | s'en sert /sɑ̃ sɛʁ/ | nous en servons /nu.z‿ɑ̃ sɛʁ.vɔ̃/ | vous en servez /vu.z‿ɑ̃ sɛʁ.ve/ | s'en servent /sɑ̃ sɛʁv/ |
| imperfect | m'en servais /mɑ̃ sɛʁ.vɛ/ | t'en servais /tɑ̃ sɛʁ.vɛ/ | s'en servait /sɑ̃ sɛʁ.vɛ/ | nous en servions /nu.z‿ɑ̃ sɛʁ.vjɔ̃/ | vous en serviez /vu.z‿ɑ̃ sɛʁ.vje/ | s'en servaient /sɑ̃ sɛʁ.vɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | m'en servis /mɑ̃ sɛʁ.vi/ | t'en servis /tɑ̃ sɛʁ.vi/ | s'en servit /sɑ̃ sɛʁ.vi/ | nous en servîmes /nu.z‿ɑ̃ sɛʁ.vim/ | vous en servîtes /vu.z‿ɑ̃ sɛʁ.vit/ | s'en servirent /sɑ̃ sɛʁ.viʁ/ | |
| future | m'en servirai /mɑ̃ sɛʁ.vi.ʁe/ | t'en serviras /tɑ̃ sɛʁ.vi.ʁa/ | s'en servira /sɑ̃ sɛʁ.vi.ʁa/ | nous en servirons /nu.z‿ɑ̃ sɛʁ.vi.ʁɔ̃/ | vous en servirez /vu.z‿ɑ̃ sɛʁ.vi.ʁe/ | s'en serviront /sɑ̃ sɛʁ.vi.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | m'en servirais /mɑ̃ sɛʁ.vi.ʁɛ/ | t'en servirais /tɑ̃ sɛʁ.vi.ʁɛ/ | s'en servirait /sɑ̃ sɛʁ.vi.ʁɛ/ | nous en servirions /nu.z‿ɑ̃ sɛʁ.vi.ʁjɔ̃/ | vous en serviriez /vu.z‿ɑ̃ sɛʁ.vi.ʁje/ | s'en serviraient /sɑ̃ sɛʁ.vi.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) | present perfect | present indicative of s'en être + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of s'en être + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of s'en être + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of s'en être + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of s'en être + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | m'en serve /mɑ̃ sɛʁv/ | t'en serves /tɑ̃ sɛʁv/ | s'en serve /sɑ̃ sɛʁv/ | nous en servions /nu.z‿ɑ̃ sɛʁ.vjɔ̃/ | vous en serviez /vu.z‿ɑ̃ sɛʁ.vje/ | s'en servent /sɑ̃ sɛʁv/ |
| imperfect2 | m'en servisse /mɑ̃ sɛʁ.vis/ | t'en servisses /tɑ̃ sɛʁ.vis/ | s'en servît /sɑ̃ sɛʁ.vi/ | nous en servissions /nu.z‿ɑ̃ sɛʁ.vi.sjɔ̃/ | vous en servissiez /vu.z‿ɑ̃ sɛʁ.vi.sje/ | s'en servissent /sɑ̃ sɛʁ.vis/ | |
| (compound tenses) | past | present subjunctive of s'en être + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of s'en être + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | sers-t'en /sɛʁ.tɑ̃/ | — | servons-nous-en /sɛʁ.vɔ̃.nu.zɑ̃/ | servez-vous-en /sɛʁ.ve.vu.zɑ̃/ | — | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of s'en être + past participle | — | simple imperative of s'en être + past participle | simple imperative of s'en être + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Derived terms
- on n'est jamais mieux servi que par soi-même
- pour vous servir
- premier arrivé, premier servi
- rien ne sert de courir, il faut partir à point
Related terms
- serf
- sergent
- servage
- servant
- serveur
- service
- servile
- serviteur
- servitude
Descendants
- German: servieren
- Norwegian Bokmål: servere
Further reading
- “servir”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Galician
Etymology
From Old Portuguese servir, from Latin servīre.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [seɾˈβiɾ], [sɪɾˈβiɾ]
Verb
servir (first-person singular present servo, first-person singular preterite servín, past participle servido)
- (intransitive) to serve
- (intransitive) to be useful or fitting
- Synonym: valer
- (transitive) to serve
Conjugation
Conjugation of servir
| singular | plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| person | first | second | third | first | second | third |
| Infinitive | eu | ti | el/ela/Vde. | nós | vós | eles/elas/Vdes. |
| impersonal | servir | |||||
| personal | servir | servires | servir | servirmos | servirdes | serviren |
| Gerund | ||||||
| servindo | ||||||
| Past participle | singular | plural | ||||
| masculine | servido | servidos | ||||
| feminine | servida | servidas | ||||
| Indicative | eu | ti | el/ela/Vde. | nós | vós | eles/elas/Vdes. |
| present | servo | serves | serve | servimos | servides | serven |
| imperfect | servía | servías | servía | serviamos | serviades | servían |
| preterite | servín | serviches | serviu | servimos | servistes | serviron |
| pluperfect | servira | serviras | servira | serviramos | servirades | serviran |
| future | servirei | servirás | servirá | serviremos | serviredes | servirán |
| conditional | serviría | servirías | serviría | serviriamos | serviriades | servirían |
| Subjunctive | eu | ti | el/ela/Vde. | nós | vós | eles/elas/Vdes. |
| present | serva | servas | serva | servamos | servades | servan |
| preterite | servise | servises | servise | servísemos | servísedes | servisen |
| future | servir | servires | servir | servirmos | servirdes | serviren |
| Imperative | – | ti | el/ela/Vde. | nós | vós | eles/elas/Vdes. |
| affirmative | – | serve | serva | servamos | servide | servan |
| negative | – | servas | serva | servamos | servades | servan |
References
- “servir” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006–2022.
- “servir” in Xavier Varela Barreiro & Xavier Gómez Guinovart: Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval. SLI / Grupo TALG / ILG, 2006–2018.
- “servir” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006–2013.
- “servir” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
- “servir” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.
Interlingua
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /serˈvir/
Verb
servir
- to serve
Conjugation
Conjugation of servir
| infinitive | servir | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| participle | present | perfect | |
| serviente | servite | ||
| active | simple | perfect | |
| present | servi | ha servite | |
| past | serviva | habeva servite | |
| future | servira | habera servite | |
| conditional | servirea | haberea servite | |
| imperative | servi | ||
| passive | simple | perfect | |
| present | es servite | ha essite servite | |
| past | esseva servite | habeva essite servite | |
| future | essera servite | habera essite servite | |
| conditional | esserea servite | haberea essite servite | |
| imperative | sia servite | ||
Italian
Verb
servir (apocopated)
- Apocopic form of servire
Middle French
Etymology
From Old French servir, from Latin servīre.
Verb
servir
- to serve (act as a servant or a vassal)
Descendants
- → English: serve
- French: servir
- German: servieren
- Norwegian Bokmål: servere
- German: servieren
Occitan
Etymology
From Old Occitan servir, from Latin servīre.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /səɾˈβi/
Audio (file)
Verb
servir
- to serve
- to be useful
Conjugation
Conjugation of servir in 
Lengadocian (Central Occitan)
Lengadocian (Central Occitan)| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | servir | aver servit | |||||
| past participle | servit | — | |||||
| gerund | servissent | avent servit | |||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
| present | servissi | servisses | servís | servissèm | servissètz | servisson | |
| imperfect | servissiái | servissiás | servissiá | servissiam | servissiatz | servissián | |
| preterite | serviguèri | serviguères | serviguèt | serviguèrem | serviguèretz | serviguèron | |
| future | servirai | serviràs | servirà | servirem | serviretz | serviràn | |
| conditional | serviriái | serviriás | serviriá | serviriam | serviriatz | servirián | |
| conditional 2nd form1 | serviguèra | serviguèras | serviguèra | servigueram | servigueratz | serviguèran | |
| compound tenses | present perfect | use the present tense of aver plus the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver plus the past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver plus the past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | use the future tense of aver plus the past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver plus the past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
| present | servisca | serviscas | servisca | serviscam | serviscatz | serviscan | |
| imperfect | serviguèsse | serviguèsses | serviguèsse | serviguèssem | serviguèssetz | serviguèsson | |
| compound tenses | past | use the present subjunctive of aver plus the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver plus the past participle | ||||||
| imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
| servís | serviscam | servissetz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
Related terms
- servidor
Old French
Etymology
From Latin servīre.
Verb
servir
- to serve (act as a servant or a vassal)
Conjugation
This verb conjugates as a third-group verb. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
Conjugation of servir (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | servir | avoir servi | |||||
| gerund | en servant | Use the gerund of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| present participle | servant | ||||||
| past participle | servi | ||||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
| simple tenses | present | serf | sers | sert | servons | servez | servent |
| imperfect | servoie, serveie | servoies, serveies | servoit, serveit | serviiens, serviens | serviiez, serviez | servoient, serveient | |
| preterite | servi | servis | servi | servimes | servistes | servirent | |
| future | servirai | serviras | servira | servirons | serviroiz, servireiz, servirez | serviront | |
| conditional | serviroie, servireie | serviroies, servireies | serviroit, servireit | serviriiens, serviriens | serviriiez, serviriez | serviroient, servireient | |
| compound tenses | present perfect | Use the present tense of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | Use the imperfect tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | Use the preterite tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | Use the conditional tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
| simple tenses | present | serve | serves | serve | servons | servez | servent |
| imperfect | servisse | servisses | servist | servissons, servissiens | servissoiz, servissez, servissiez | servissent | |
| compound tenses | past | Use the present subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | Use the imperfect subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
| — | serf | — | servons | servez | — | ||
Related terms
- aservir
- deservir
- desservir
- messervir
- serf
- serjant
- servise
Descendants
- Middle French: servir
- → English: serve
- French: servir
- German: servieren
- Norwegian Bokmål: servere
- German: servieren
- Walloon: siervi
Old Occitan
Etymology
From Latin servīre.
Verb
servir
- to serve (act as a servant or a vassal)
Descendants
- Occitan: servir
Portuguese
Etymology
From Old Portuguese servir, from Latin servīre.
Pronunciation
- (Brazil) IPA(key): /seʁˈvi(ʁ)/ [seɦˈvi(h)]
- (São Paulo) IPA(key): /seɾˈvi(ɾ)/
- (Rio de Janeiro) IPA(key): /seʁˈvi(ʁ)/ [seʁˈvi(χ)]
- (Southern Brazil) IPA(key): /seɻˈvi(ɻ)/
- (Portugal) IPA(key): /sɨɾˈviɾ/
- Hyphenation: ser‧vir
Verb
servir (first-person singular present sirvo, third-person singular present serve, first-person singular preterite servi, past participle servido)
- (transitive) to serve (to work as a servant for someone)
- (religion, transitive) to serve (to worship a god)
- (transitive) to serve (to give out or place down food or drink)
- (intransitive, or transitive with em) to serve (to be part of an armed force)
- Servi dois anos na Legião Estrangeira. ― I served for two years in the Foreign Legion.
- (intransitive) to suffice; to do (to be good enough for a task)
- Esse martelo é ruim mas serve. ― This hammer is bad but it will do.
- (subordinating, transitive with para) to be for (to have as its purpose or utility)
- Martelos servem para as pessoas baterem pregos. ― Hammers are for people to hit nails with.
Conjugation
Conjugation of servir (i-e alternation in present singular) (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)
| Singular | Plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| First-person (eu) | Second-person (tu) | Third-person (ele / ela / você) | First-person (nós) | Second-person (vós) | Third-person (eles / elas / vocês) | |
| Infinitive | ||||||
| Impersonal | servir | |||||
| Personal | servir | servires | servir | servirmos | servirdes | servirem |
| Gerund | ||||||
| servindo | ||||||
| Past participle | ||||||
| Masculine | servido | servidos | ||||
| Feminine | servida | servidas | ||||
| Indicative | ||||||
| Present | sirvo | serves | serve | servimos | servis | servem |
| Imperfect | servia | servias | servia | servíamos | servíeis | serviam |
| Preterite | servi | serviste | serviu | servimos | servistes | serviram |
| Pluperfect | servira | serviras | servira | servíramos | servíreis | serviram |
| Future | servirei | servirás | servirá | serviremos | servireis | servirão |
| Conditional | ||||||
| serviria | servirias | serviria | serviríamos | serviríeis | serviriam | |
| Subjunctive | ||||||
| Present | sirva | sirvas | sirva | sirvamos | sirvais | sirvam |
| Imperfect | servisse | servisses | servisse | servíssemos | servísseis | servissem |
| Future | servir | servires | servir | servirmos | servirdes | servirem |
| Imperative | ||||||
| Affirmative | serve | sirva | sirvamos | servi | sirvam | |
| Negative (não) | não sirvas | não sirva | não sirvamos | não sirvais | não sirvam | |
Quotations
For quotations using this term, see Citations:servir.
Related terms
- servente
- serviço
- servo
Spanish
Etymology
From Latin servīre.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /seɾˈbiɾ/ [seɾˈβ̞iɾ]
- Rhymes: -iɾ
- Syllabification: ser‧vir
Verb
servir (first-person singular present sirvo, first-person singular preterite serví, past participle servido)
- (intransitive, transitive) to serve (to be a servant or worker; to render service)
- Es una empresa que sirve a los discapacitados.
- It's a business that serves the disabled.
- (intransitive, transitive) to serve (to be a servant for; to work for)
- (intransitive) to be of use, to be good for
- Hace diez años, la traducción automática no servía.
- Ten years ago, automated translation was no good.
- Este cuchillo sirve para cortar el pan.
- This knife is good for cutting bread.
- (intransitive) to serve (to usefully take the place of something else)
- sirve como recordatorio ― serves as a reminder
- (intransitive) to serve (to be in military service)
- (intransitive, transitive) to serve (to set down (food or drink) on the table to be eaten)
- El camarero nos sirvió la comida de otra mesa.
- The waiter served us another table's food.
- (intransitive, sports) to serve (to lead off with the first delivery over the net in tennis, volleyball, ping pong, badminton, etc.)
- Synonym: sacar
- (reflexive, with de) to help oneself to (to take something freely)
Conjugation
Conjugation of servir (e-i alternation) (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)
| infinitive | servir | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| gerund | sirviendo | ||||||
| past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
| singular | servido | servida | |||||
| plural | servidos | servidas | |||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
| indicative | yo | tú vos | él/ella/ello usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ellos/ellas ustedes | |
| present | sirvo | sirvestú servísvos | sirve | servimos | servís | sirven | |
| imperfect | servía | servías | servía | servíamos | servíais | servían | |
| preterite | serví | serviste | sirvió | servimos | servisteis | sirvieron | |
| future | serviré | servirás | servirá | serviremos | serviréis | servirán | |
| conditional | serviría | servirías | serviría | serviríamos | serviríais | servirían | |
| subjunctive | yo | tú vos | él/ella/ello usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ellos/ellas ustedes | |
| present | sirva | sirvastú sirvásvos2 | sirva | sirvamos | sirváis | sirvan | |
| imperfect (ra) | sirviera | sirvieras | sirviera | sirviéramos | sirvierais | sirvieran | |
| imperfect (se) | sirviese | sirvieses | sirviese | sirviésemos | sirvieseis | sirviesen | |
| future1 | sirviere | sirvieres | sirviere | sirviéremos | sirviereis | sirvieren | |
| imperative | — | tú vos | usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ustedes | |
| affirmative | sirvetú servívos | sirva | sirvamos | servid | sirvan | ||
| negative | no sirvas | no sirva | no sirvamos | no sirváis | no sirvan | ||
1Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
2Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
Selected combined forms of servir (e-i alternation)
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.
| singular | plural | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
| with infinitive servir | |||||||
| dative | servirme | servirte | servirle, servirse | servirnos | serviros | servirles, servirse | |
| accusative | servirme | servirte | servirlo, servirla, servirse | servirnos | serviros | servirlos, servirlas, servirse | |
| with gerund sirviendo | |||||||
| dative | sirviéndome | sirviéndote | sirviéndole, sirviéndose | sirviéndonos | sirviéndoos | sirviéndoles, sirviéndose | |
| accusative | sirviéndome | sirviéndote | sirviéndolo, sirviéndola, sirviéndose | sirviéndonos | sirviéndoos | sirviéndolos, sirviéndolas, sirviéndose | |
| with informal second-person singular tú imperative sirve | |||||||
| dative | sírveme | sírvete | sírvele | sírvenos | not used | sírveles | |
| accusative | sírveme | sírvete | sírvelo, sírvela | sírvenos | not used | sírvelos, sírvelas | |
| with informal second-person singular vos imperative serví | |||||||
| dative | servime | servite | servile | servinos | not used | serviles | |
| accusative | servime | servite | servilo, servila | servinos | not used | servilos, servilas | |
| with formal second-person singular imperative sirva | |||||||
| dative | sírvame | not used | sírvale, sírvase | sírvanos | not used | sírvales | |
| accusative | sírvame | not used | sírvalo, sírvala, sírvase | sírvanos | not used | sírvalos, sírvalas | |
| with first-person plural imperative sirvamos | |||||||
| dative | not used | sirvámoste | sirvámosle | sirvámonos | sirvámoos | sirvámosles | |
| accusative | not used | sirvámoste | sirvámoslo, sirvámosla | sirvámonos | sirvámoos | sirvámoslos, sirvámoslas | |
| with informal second-person plural imperative servid | |||||||
| dative | servidme | not used | servidle | servidnos | servíos | servidles | |
| accusative | servidme | not used | servidlo, servidla | servidnos | servíos | servidlos, servidlas | |
| with formal second-person plural imperative sirvan | |||||||
| dative | sírvanme | not used | sírvanle | sírvannos | not used | sírvanles, sírvanse | |
| accusative | sírvanme | not used | sírvanlo, sírvanla | sírvannos | not used | sírvanlos, sírvanlas, sírvanse | |
Derived terms
- bien servido
- la venganza es un plato que se sirve frío
- lo comido por lo servido
- servir para demostrar (“to go to show”)
Related terms
- sargento
- servible
- servicentro
- servicio
- servidor
- servidumbre
- servil
- siervo
- sirviente
Further reading
- “servir”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
Venetian
Etymology
From Latin servīre. Compare Italian servire.
Verb
servir
- (transitive, intransitive) to serve
Conjugation
- Venetian conjugation varies from one region to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.
Conjugation of servir (third conjugation)
| infinitive | servir | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| auxiliary verb | aver | gerund | servéndo | |||
| past participle | servito, servìo | |||||
| person | singular | plural | ||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |
| indicative | mi | ti | eło / eła | noialtri / noialtre | voialtri / voialtre | łuri / łore |
| present | serviso | (te) servisi | (el/ła) servise | servimo | servì | (i/łe) servise |
| imperfect | servìa | (te) servivi | (el/ła) servìa | servìvimo | servivi | (i/łe) servìa |
| future | servirò | (te) servirè | (el/ła) servirà | servirémo | servirè | (i/łe) servirà |
| conditional | mi | ti | eło / eła | noialtri / noialtre | voialtri / voialtre | łuri / łore |
| present | servirìa | (te) servirisi | (el/ła) servirìa | servirìsimo | servirisi | (i/łe) servirìa |
| subjunctive | che mi | che ti | che eło / eła | che noialtri / noialtre | che voialtri / voialtre | che łuri / łore |
| present | servisa | (te) servisi | (el/ła) servisa | servimo | servì | (i/łe) servisa |
| imperfect | servise | (te) servisi | (el/ła) servise | servisimo | servisi | (i/łe) servise |
| imperative | — | ti | eło / eła | noialtri / noialtre | voialtri / voialtre | łuri / łore |
| — | (te) servisi | (el/ła) servisa | servimo | servì | (i/łe) servisa | |