abréger
French
Etymology
From Old French abregier, itself from Late Latin abbreviāre. Doublet of abrévier, a (now obsolete) borrowing. See also abréviation.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /a.bʁe.ʒe/
audio (file)
Verb
abréger
- to shorten in duration
- to shorten (in textual length) or summarize, to abridge
- to abbreviate
- 1991, L'Encyclopédie Grolier, volume vol. 1, A-Asc, →ISBN, s.v. "abréviation":
- Les principales façon d'abréger les mots étaient connus dans le monde latin […]
- (please add an English translation of this quote)
-
Conjugation
This verb is conjugated like protéger. It has both the spelling irregularities of other verbs in -ger (such as manger, where a silent 'e' is inserted before 'a' and 'o' endings (to indicate the /ʒ/ sound), and the spelling and pronunciation irregularities of other verbs in -é-er (such as céder), where the last stem vowel alternates between /e/ (written 'é') and /ɛ/ (written 'è').
Conjugation of abréger (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | abréger | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | abrégeant /a.bʁe.ʒɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | abrégé /a.bʁe.ʒe/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | abrège /a.bʁɛʒ/ | abrèges /a.bʁɛʒ/ | abrège /a.bʁɛʒ/ | abrégeons /a.bʁe.ʒɔ̃/ | abrégez /a.bʁe.ʒe/ | abrègent /a.bʁɛʒ/ |
| imperfect | abrégeais /a.bʁe.ʒɛ/ | abrégeais /a.bʁe.ʒɛ/ | abrégeait /a.bʁe.ʒɛ/ | abrégions /a.bʁe.ʒjɔ̃/ | abrégiez /a.bʁe.ʒje/ | abrégeaient /a.bʁe.ʒɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | abrégeai /a.bʁe.ʒe/ | abrégeas /a.bʁe.ʒa/ | abrégea /a.bʁe.ʒa/ | abrégeâmes /a.bʁe.ʒam/ | abrégeâtes /a.bʁe.ʒat/ | abrégèrent /a.bʁe.ʒɛʁ/ | |
| future | abrégerai or abrègerai /a.bʁɛʒ.ʁe/ | abrégeras or abrègeras /a.bʁɛʒ.ʁa/ | abrégera or abrègera /a.bʁɛʒ.ʁa/ | abrégerons or abrègerons /a.bʁɛʒ.ʁɔ̃/ | abrégerez or abrègerez /a.bʁɛʒ.ʁe/ | abrégeront or abrègeront /a.bʁɛʒ.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | abrégerais or abrègerais /a.bʁɛʒ.ʁɛ/ | abrégerais or abrègerais /a.bʁɛʒ.ʁɛ/ | abrégerait or abrègerait /a.bʁɛʒ.ʁɛ/ | abrégerions or abrègerions /a.bʁɛ.ʒə.ʁjɔ̃/ or /a.bʁe.ʒə.ʁjɔ̃/ | abrégeriez or abrègeriez /a.bʁɛ.ʒə.ʁje/ or /a.bʁe.ʒə.ʁje/ | abrégeraient or abrègeraient /a.bʁɛʒ.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) | present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | abrège /a.bʁɛʒ/ | abrèges /a.bʁɛʒ/ | abrège /a.bʁɛʒ/ | abrégions /a.bʁe.ʒjɔ̃/ | abrégiez /a.bʁe.ʒje/ | abrègent /a.bʁɛʒ/ |
| imperfect2 | abrégeasse /a.bʁe.ʒas/ | abrégeasses /a.bʁe.ʒas/ | abrégeât /a.bʁe.ʒa/ | abrégeassions /a.bʁe.ʒa.sjɔ̃/ | abrégeassiez /a.bʁe.ʒa.sje/ | abrégeassent /a.bʁe.ʒas/ | |
| (compound tenses) | past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | abrège /a.bʁɛʒ/ | — | abrégeons /a.bʁe.ʒɔ̃/ | abrégez /a.bʁe.ʒe/ | — | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Derived terms
- abrégé
- abrègement
Further reading
- “abréger”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Anagrams
- gerbera