serene

serene

See also: Serene, serené, and Serēnē

English

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /səˈɹiːn/
• (US) IPA^(key): /səˈɹin/

• Audio (US)

  (file)

• Rhymes: -iːn

Etymology 1

From Middle English, borrowed from Latin serēnus (“clear, cloudless, untroubled”).

Adjective

serene (comparative more serene or serener, superlative most serene or serenest)

1. Calm, peaceful, unruffled.

   She looked at her students with joviality and a serene mentality.

   • 1910, Emerson Hough, “A Lady in Company”, in The Purchase Price: Or The Cause of Compromise, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, OCLC 639762314, page 6:

     Serene, smiling, enigmatic, she faced him with no fear whatever showing in her dark eyes. The clear light of the bright autumn morning had no terrors for youth and health like hers.

2. Without worry or anxiety; unaffected by disturbance.
3. (archaic) Fair and unclouded (as of the sky); clear; unobscured.
   • 1717, Alexander Pope, “Winter. The Fourth Pastoral. […]”, in The Works of Mr. Alexander Pope, volume I, London: […] W[illiam] Bowyer, for Bernard Lintot, […], OCLC 43265629, page 30:

     Now ſleeping flocks on their ſoft fleeces lie, / The moon, ſerene in glory, mounts the sky, […]

   • 1750 June 12 (date written; published 1751)​, T[homas] Gray, “Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard”, in Designs by Mr. R[ichard] Bentley, for Six Poems by Mr. T. Gray, London: […] R[obert] Dodsley, […], published 1753, OCLC 519198867, page 32:

     Full many a gem of pureſt ray ſerene / The dark unfathom'd caves of ocean bear: […]

   • 1818, [Mary Shelley], chapter VI, in Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus. […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), London: […] [Macdonald and Son] for Lackington, Hughes, Harding, Mavor, & Jones, OCLC 830979744:

     A serene sky and verdant fields filled me with ecstasy.

4. Used as part of certain titles, originally to indicate sovereignty or independence.

   Her Serene Highness

Related terms

• all serene
• serenity

Translations

peaceful, calm

Armenian: խաղաղ (hy) (xałał), անդորր (hy) (andorr) Aromanian: sirin Belarusian: ціхамі́рны (cixamírny), спако́йны (be) (spakójny) Bulgarian: спокоен (bg) (spokoen), тих (bg) (tih) Catalan: serè (ca) Cebuano: tin-od, tinong Chinese: Mandarin: 平靜／平静 (zh) (píngjìng), 寧靜／宁静 (zh) (níngjìng), 安詳／安详 (zh) (ānxiáng) Czech: klidný (cs) m Dalmatian: saran Dutch: sereen (nl) Finnish: seesteinen (fi), rauhallinen (fi), tyyni (fi) French: serein (fr) m, sereine (fr) f Friulian: seren German: gelassen (de), ruhig (de) Hungarian: derűs (hu) Indonesian: tenteram (id) Italian: sereno (it) Japanese: 静かな (ja) (しずかな, shizuka na), 平静な (ja) (へいせいな, heisei na) Korean: 고요하다 (ko) (goyohada) Latin: serēnus Macedonian: спо́коен (spókoen), ти́вок (tívok) Norwegian: fredelig (no) Occitan: seren (oc) Polish: spokojny (pl), opanowany (pl), niewzruszony (pl) Portuguese: sereno (pt) Romanian: senin (ro) Russian: безмяте́жный (ru) (bezmjatéžnyj), споко́йный (ru) (spokójnyj) Sardinian: assulenu, selenu Spanish: sereno (es) Swedish: fridfull (sv), lugn (sv) Ukrainian: безтурбо́тний (uk) (bezturbótnyj), спокі́йний (spokíjnyj) Walloon: etait (wa) m, etaite (wa) f, påjhire (wa) m or f, li cour etait (wa)

fair and unclouded

Armenian: հստակ (hy) (hstak), ջինջ (hy) (ǰinǰ), պարզ (hy) (parz), պայծառ (hy) (paycaṙ), անամպ (hy) (anamp) Aromanian: sirin Bulgarian: ясен (bg) (jasen), безоблачен (bg) (bezoblačen) Cebuano: tilha Chinese: Mandarin: please add this translation if you can Finnish: seesteinen (fi), pilvetön (fi), kirkas (fi) French: serein (fr) m, sereine (fr) f Italian: sereno (it) Japanese: 晴れた (ja) (はれた, hareta) Latin: serēnus Macedonian: ве́дар (védar), чист (čist), ја́сен (jásen), безо́блачен (bezóblačen) Polish: pogodny (pl) Portuguese: sereno (pt) Romanian: senin (ro) Russian: чи́стый (ru) (čístyj), безо́блачный (ru) (bezóblačnyj), я́сный (ru) (jásnyj) Spanish: sereno (es) Walloon: clair (wa) m, claire (wa) f, sins ene barbôjhe

part of royal title

Chinese: Mandarin: please add this translation if you can Czech: jasný (cs) m Finnish: kuninkaallinen (fi), keisarillinen (fi) (etc., according to the rank of the dignitary) Macedonian: све́тлост f (svétlost) Polish: najjaśniejszy Russian: светлость (ru) n (svetlostʹ) Spanish: sereno (es)

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

Italian: (please verify) sereno (it) m, (please verify) serena (it) f Latin: (please verify) serenus

Verb

serene (third-person singular simple present serenes, present participle serening, simple past and past participle serened)

1. (transitive) To make serene.
   • 1728, James Thomson, “Spring”, in The Seasons, London: […] A[ndrew] Millar, and sold by Thomas Cadell, […], published 1768, OCLC 642619686, lines 866–867, page 34:

     When heaven and earth, as if contending, vye / To raiſe his being, and ſerene his ſoul.

Noun

serene (plural serenes)

1. (poetic) Serenity; clearness; calmness.
   • 1801, Robert Southey, “(please specify the page)”, in Thalaba the Destroyer, volume (please specify |volume=I or II), London: […] [F]or T[homas] N[orton] Longman and O[wen] Rees, […], by Biggs and Cottle, […], OCLC 277545047:

     the serene of heaven

   • 1742, Edward Young, Night Thoughts on Life, Death and Immortality

     To their master is denied / To share their sweet serene.

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Middle French serein, from Old French serein (“evening”), from Vulgar Latin *serānum, from substantive use of sērum, neuter of sērus (“late”) + -ānus suffix.

Noun

serene (plural serenes)

1. A fine rain from a cloudless sky after sunset.
   • 1605 (first performance)​, Benjamin Jonson [i.e., Ben Jonson], “Volpone, or The Foxe. A Comœdie. […]”, in The Workes of Ben Jonson (First Folio), London: […] Will[iam] Stansby, published 1616, OCLC 960101342:

     Some serene blast me.

Alternative forms

• serein
• serena (obsolete)

References

• Oxford English Dictionary. serein n. 1.

Anagrams

• reseen, resene

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Dutch

Pronunciation

• Audio

  (file)

Adjective

serene

1. Inflected form of sereen

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Esperanto

Etymology

serena +‎ -e

Adverb

serene

1. calmly, serenely

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Italian

Adjective

serene

1. feminine plural of sereno

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Latin

Etymology 1

From serēnus +‎ -ē.

Adverb

serēnē (comparative serēnius, superlative serēnissimē)

1. clearly, brightly

Adjective

serēne

1. vocative masculine singular of serēnus

References

• “serene”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press

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Portuguese

Verb

serene

1. inflection of serenar:
   1. first/third-person singular present subjunctive
   2. third-person singular imperative

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Spanish

Verb

serene

1. inflection of serenar:
   1. first/third-person singular present subjunctive
   2. third-person singular imperative

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Swedish

Adjective

serene

1. absolute definite natural masculine singular of seren.