semer
French
Etymology
From Old French semer, from Latin sēmināre, present active infinitive of sēminō.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /sə.me/
audio (file)
Verb
semer
- to sow (scatter seed, etc.)
- to shake off someone
- (figuratively) to spread
- semer la zizanie, semer la pagaille, semer la terreur ― to spread discord, to spread disorder, to spread terror
Conjugation
This verb is conjugated mostly like the regular -er verbs (parler and chanter and so on), but the -e- /ə/ of the second-to-last syllable becomes -è- /ɛ/ when the next vowel is a silent or schwa -e-. For example, in the third-person singular present indicative, we have il sème rather than *il seme. Other verbs conjugated this way include lever and mener. Related but distinct conjugations include those of appeler and préférer.
infinitive | simple | semer | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
present participle or gerund1 | simple | semant /sə.mɑ̃/ | |||||
compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
past participle | semé /sə.me/ | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
(simple tenses) | present | sème /sɛm/ | sèmes /sɛm/ | sème /sɛm/ | semons /sə.mɔ̃/ | semez /sə.me/ | sèment /sɛm/ |
imperfect | semais /sə.mɛ/ | semais /sə.mɛ/ | semait /sə.mɛ/ | semions /sə.mjɔ̃/ | semiez /sə.mje/ | semaient /sə.mɛ/ | |
past historic2 | semai /sə.me/ | semas /sə.ma/ | sema /sə.ma/ | semâmes /sə.mam/ | semâtes /sə.mat/ | semèrent /sə.mɛʁ/ | |
future | sèmerai /sɛm.ʁe/ | sèmeras /sɛm.ʁa/ | sèmera /sɛm.ʁa/ | sèmerons /sɛm.ʁɔ̃/ | sèmerez /sɛm.ʁe/ | sèmeront /sɛm.ʁɔ̃/ | |
conditional | sèmerais /sɛm.ʁɛ/ | sèmerais /sɛm.ʁɛ/ | sèmerait /sɛm.ʁɛ/ | sèmerions /sɛ.mə.ʁjɔ̃/ or /se.mə.ʁjɔ̃/ | sèmeriez /sɛ.mə.ʁje/ or /se.mə.ʁje/ | sèmeraient /sɛm.ʁɛ/ | |
(compound tenses) | present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
(simple tenses) | present | sème /sɛm/ | sèmes /sɛm/ | sème /sɛm/ | semions /sə.mjɔ̃/ | semiez /sə.mje/ | sèment /sɛm/ |
imperfect2 | semasse /sə.mas/ | semasses /sə.mas/ | semât /sə.ma/ | semassions /sə.ma.sjɔ̃/ | semassiez /sə.ma.sje/ | semassent /sə.mas/ | |
(compound tenses) | past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | – | – | ||||
simple | — | sème /sɛm/ | — | semons /sə.mɔ̃/ | semez /sə.me/ | — | |
compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). |
Derived terms
- qui sème le vent récolte la tempête
Related terms
- semence
Further reading
- “semer”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Anagrams
- mères
Old French
Etymology
From Latin sēmināre, present active infinitive of sēminō.
Verb
semer
- to sow (scatter seed, etc.)
Conjugation
This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. The forms that would normally end in *-ms, *-mt are modified to ns, nt. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | semer | avoir semé | |||||
gerund | en semant | Use the gerund of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
present participle | semant | ||||||
past participle | semé | ||||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
simple tenses | present | sem | semes | seme | semons | semez | sement |
imperfect | semoie, semeie, semoe, semeve | semoies, semeies, semoes, semeves | semoit, semeit, semot, semeve | semiiens, semiens | semiiez, semiez | semoient, semeient, semoent, semevent | |
preterite | semai | semas | sema | semames | semastes | semerent | |
future | semerai | semeras | semera | semerons | semeroiz, semereiz, semerez | semeront | |
conditional | semeroie, semereie | semeroies, semereies | semeroit, semereit | semeriiens, semeriens | semeriiez, semeriez | semeroient, semereient | |
compound tenses | present perfect | Use the present tense of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
pluperfect | Use the imperfect tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
past anterior | Use the preterite tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
future perfect | Use the future tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | Use the conditional tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
simple tenses | present | sem | sens | sent | semons | semez | sement |
imperfect | semasse | semasses | semast | semissons, semissiens | semissoiz, semissez, semissiez | semassent | |
compound tenses | past | Use the present subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
pluperfect | Use the imperfect subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
— | seme | — | semons | semez | — |
Related terms
- semance
Descendants
- French: semer
- Norman: s'maïr, s'mer
Turkish
Etymology
From Greek σαμάρι (samári, “packsaddle”), diminutive of Ancient Greek σάγμα (ságma, “packsaddle”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [sɛmeɾ]
- Hyphenation: se‧mer
Noun
semer (definite accusative semeri, plural semerler)
- packsaddle
- (geology) anticline
- (biology) clitellum
Declension
Inflection | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Nominative | semer | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Definite accusative | semeri | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Singular | Plural | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Nominative | semer | semerler | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Definite accusative | semeri | semerleri | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dative | semere | semerlere | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Locative | semerde | semerlerde | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ablative | semerden | semerlerden | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Genitive | semerin | semerlerin | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Derived terms
- semerci
- eşeğe altın semer vursalar yine eşektir