sdꜣ

sdꜣ

See also: sḏꜣ

Egyptian

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /sɛdɑ/
  • Conventional anglicization: seda

Noun

 m

1. Eurasian bittern, Botaurus stellaris

Inflection

Declension of sdꜣ (masculine)

singular	sdꜣ
dual	sdꜣwj
plural	sdꜣw

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of sdꜣ  

sdꜣ	sd

Verb

 3-lit.

1. (intransitive) to tremble, to quake (+ n or tp ꜥ: before (someone))
2. (transitive) to make tremble

Inflection

Conjugation of sdꜣ (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: sdꜣ, geminated stem: sdꜣꜣ

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
sdꜣ	sdꜣw, sdꜣ	sdꜣt	sdꜣ	sdꜣ

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
sdꜣ	ḥr sdꜣ	m sdꜣ	r sdꜣ

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
			aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	sdꜣ.n	sdꜣw, sdꜣ	consecutive	sdꜣ.jn	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative	sdꜣt
perfective3	sdꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2	obligative	sdꜣ.ḫr	active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective	sdꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3	sdꜣ	sdꜣꜣ	potentialis	sdꜣ.kꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive	sdꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	sdꜣ.n	active + .tj1, .tw2	—	—
perfective	sdꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2	sdꜣ	sdꜣ, sdꜣw5, sdꜣy5
imperfective	sdꜣ, sdꜣy, sdꜣw5	active + .tj1, .tw2	sdꜣ, sdꜣj6, sdꜣy6	sdꜣ, sdꜣw5
prospective	sdꜣ, sdꜣtj7	—	sdꜣtj4, sdꜣt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of sdꜣ  

sdꜣ	sd	stꜣ
		[Late Period]

Derived terms

• sdꜣdꜣ

References

• Erman, Adolf; Grapow, Hermann (1930) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache, volume 4, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, page 365.14–366.12
• Faulkner, Raymond (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 256