scarifier
English
Etymology
scarify + -er
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /ˈskæɹɪfaɪə(ɹ)/, /ˈskɑːɹɪfaɪə(ɹ)/
Noun
scarifier (plural scarifiers)
- One who scarifies.
- The instrument used for scarifying.
- An implement for stripping and loosening the soil, without bringing up a fresh surface.
- 1829, Robert Southey, “(please specify the page)”, in Sir Thomas More: or, Colloquies on the Progress and Prospects of Society. […], volume (please specify |volume=I or II), London: John Murray, […], OCLC 460415626:
- You have your scarifiers to make the ground clean.
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Part or all of this entry has been imported from the 1913 edition of Webster’s Dictionary, which is now free of copyright and hence in the public domain. The imported definitions may be significantly out of date, and any more recent senses may be completely missing.
(See the entry for scarifier in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913)
Translations
an agricultural implement for loosening soil
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Anagrams
- sacrifier
French
Etymology
Old French scarifier, from Late Latin scarificāre, from Latin scarifāre (“to scarify”), from Ancient Greek σκαριφᾶσθαι (skariphâsthai, “to scratch an outline”), from σκάριφος (skáriphos, “writing, drawing, sketching”)
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ska.ʁi.fje/
Audio (file)
Verb
scarifier
- (transitive) to scarify
Conjugation
Conjugation of scarifier (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | scarifier | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | scarifiant /ska.ʁi.fjɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | scarifié /ska.ʁi.fje/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | scarifie /ska.ʁi.fi/ | scarifies /ska.ʁi.fi/ | scarifie /ska.ʁi.fi/ | scarifions /ska.ʁi.fjɔ̃/ | scarifiez /ska.ʁi.fje/ | scarifient /ska.ʁi.fi/ |
| imperfect | scarifiais /ska.ʁi.fjɛ/ | scarifiais /ska.ʁi.fjɛ/ | scarifiait /ska.ʁi.fjɛ/ | scarifiions /ska.ʁi.fi.jɔ̃/ | scarifiiez /ska.ʁi.fi.je/ | scarifiaient /ska.ʁi.fjɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | scarifiai /ska.ʁi.fje/ | scarifias /ska.ʁi.fja/ | scarifia /ska.ʁi.fja/ | scarifiâmes /ska.ʁi.fjam/ | scarifiâtes /ska.ʁi.fjat/ | scarifièrent /ska.ʁi.fjɛʁ/ | |
| future | scarifierai /ska.ʁi.fi.ʁe/ | scarifieras /ska.ʁi.fi.ʁa/ | scarifiera /ska.ʁi.fi.ʁa/ | scarifierons /ska.ʁi.fi.ʁɔ̃/ | scarifierez /ska.ʁi.fi.ʁe/ | scarifieront /ska.ʁi.fi.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | scarifierais /ska.ʁi.fi.ʁɛ/ | scarifierais /ska.ʁi.fi.ʁɛ/ | scarifierait /ska.ʁi.fi.ʁɛ/ | scarifierions /ska.ʁi.fi.ʁjɔ̃/ | scarifieriez /ska.ʁi.fi.ʁje/ | scarifieraient /ska.ʁi.fi.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) | present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | scarifie /ska.ʁi.fi/ | scarifies /ska.ʁi.fi/ | scarifie /ska.ʁi.fi/ | scarifiions /ska.ʁi.fi.jɔ̃/ | scarifiiez /ska.ʁi.fi.je/ | scarifient /ska.ʁi.fi/ |
| imperfect2 | scarifiasse /ska.ʁi.fjas/ | scarifiasses /ska.ʁi.fjas/ | scarifiât /ska.ʁi.fja/ | scarifiassions /ska.ʁi.fja.sjɔ̃/ | scarifiassiez /ska.ʁi.fja.sje/ | scarifiassent /ska.ʁi.fjas/ | |
| (compound tenses) | past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | scarifie /ska.ʁi.fi/ | — | scarifions /ska.ʁi.fjɔ̃/ | scarifiez /ska.ʁi.fje/ | — | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Further reading
- “scarifier”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Anagrams
- sacrifier