sam-

See also: Appendix:Variations of "sam"

Danish

Prefix

sam-

co-, con-

Derived terms

Danish terms prefixed with sam-

Faroese

Etymology

From Old Norse sam-. Related to the adjective samur.

Prefix

sam-

co-, fellow, collective
homo-

Derived terms

Faroese terms prefixed with sam-

Garo

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Classifier

sam-

classifier for bilateral body parts like eyes and ears.

Icelandic

Prefix

sam-

co-, fellow, collective
homo-

Derived terms

Icelandic terms prefixed with sam-

samfangi
samhjálp
samlínuleiki
samskeiða
sammótun (homomorphism)

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Old Norse sam-, related to samme.

Prefix

sam-

(generally) co-

Derived terms

Norwegian Bokmål terms prefixed with sam-

References

“sam-” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
“sam-” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Old Norse sam-, related to same.

Prefix

sam-

(generally) co-

Derived terms

Norwegian Nynorsk terms prefixed with sam-

References

“sam-” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Old English

Etymology 1

From Proto-West Germanic *sāmi-, from Proto-Germanic *sēmi-, from Proto-Indo-European *sēmi-. Cognate with Old Saxon sām-, Old High German sāmi-. Compare semi-.

Since the i-umlaut of /ɑ̃:/ is /e:/ and unstressed short high vowels were lost after a heavy syllable, the expected outcome would have been *sēm- (sometimes *sem-; see below). Two developments interfered. First, lack of i-umlaut shows that the final *-i was replaced with *-a in this prefix, perhaps by analogy with its synonym *halba- (later healf-). Second, the root vowel shows shortening, since without i-umlaut the regular outcome of /ɑ̃:/ is /o:/:

brōhte ‘(s)he brought’

brōm ‘broom’ (the plant)

cōmon ‘they came’

fōn ‘to catch’

ġeōmor ‘miserable’

glōm ‘twilight’

hōh ‘heel’

hōn ‘to hang’

mōna ‘moon’

mōnaþ ‘month’

nōmon ‘they took’

ōht ‘chase’

sōna ‘immediately’

spōn ‘wood chip’

tōh ‘tough’

þō ‘clay’

þōhte ‘(s)he thought’

wōh ‘crooked, wrong’

In most compounds of sam- this shortening is expected, since a prehistoric sound change shortened long vowels before (1) clusters of three consonants, (2) two consonants plus two syllables, or (3) geminates. This shortening could have been eliminated by leveling in many cases (there is no way to know how often, as Old English manuscripts do not normally mark vowel length), but it was apparently maintained in sam-. Words with shortening by regular sound change include sambærned (“half-burnt”), *samblind (“half-blind”), samboren (“born early”), samcwic (“half-dead”), samlǣred (“half-educated”), samlocen (“half-closed”), sammelt (“half-digested”), samsoden (“half-cocked”), samweaxen (“adolescent”), and swā forþ. From these words and from some inflected forms, the short vowel must have spread by analogy to e.g. samġeong (“adolescent”), samhāl (“unwell”), samwīs (“dumb”), and samworht (“half-finished”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /sɑm/

Prefix

sam-

(literally) half-
(figuratively) partially

Descendants

Middle English: sam-
- English: sam

Etymology 2

From Proto-Germanic *samaz (“together”), from Proto-Indo-European *somHós (“same”), Proto-Indo-European *sem- (“one, together”). Compare Old English samen (“together”), Old English same (“manner, similitude”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /sɑm/

Prefix

sam-

union, combination, agreement; together, con-
samheort ― unanimous, "same-hearted"

Derived terms

Old English terms prefixed with sam-

Old Norse

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *samaz (“same, alike”), from Proto-Indo-European *somHós.

Prefix

sam-

together, con-

Derived terms

Old Norse terms prefixed with sam-

Descendants

Icelandic: sam-
Faroese: sam-
Norwegian Nynorsk: sam-
Norwegian Bokmål: sam-
Swedish: sam-
Danish: sam-

Swedish

Prefix

sam-

together, co-, con-
Antonym: sär-

Derived terms

Swedish terms prefixed with sam-

samåka
sambeskatta
samfund
samförstånd
samhörighet
samnordisk
samröre
samspråk
samstämmig
samtycke
samvälde

References

sam- in Svensk ordbok (SO)
sam- in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
sam- in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

Anagrams

mas

Tagalog

Alternative forms

sang-
san-

Etymology

See sang-.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈsam/, [ˈsam]

Prefix

sam-

alternative form of sang-, with roots that begin with (b) or (p).

Derived terms

Tagalog terms prefixed with sam-

单词	sam-
释义	sam- See also: Appendix:Variations of "sam" Danish Prefix sam- co-, con- Derived terms Danish terms prefixed with sam- Faroese Etymology From Old Norse sam-. Related to the adjective samur. Prefix sam- co-, fellow, collective homo- Derived terms Faroese terms prefixed with sam- Garo Etymology (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.) Classifier sam- classifier for bilateral body parts like eyes and ears. Icelandic Prefix sam- co-, fellow, collective homo- Derived terms Icelandic terms prefixed with sam- samfangi samhjálp samlínuleiki samskeiða sammótun (homomorphism) Norwegian Bokmål Etymology From Old Norse sam-, related to samme. Prefix sam- (generally) co- Derived terms Norwegian Bokmål terms prefixed with sam- References “sam-” in The Bokmål Dictionary. “sam-” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB). Norwegian Nynorsk Etymology From Old Norse sam-, related to same. Prefix sam- (generally) co- Derived terms Norwegian Nynorsk terms prefixed with sam- References “sam-” in The Nynorsk Dictionary. Old English Etymology 1 From Proto-West Germanic sāmi-, from Proto-Germanic sēmi-, from Proto-Indo-European sēmi-. Cognate with Old Saxon sām-, Old High German sāmi-. Compare semi-. Since the i-umlaut of /ɑ̃:/ is /e:/ and unstressed short high vowels were lost after a heavy syllable, the expected outcome would have been sēm- (sometimes sem-; see below). Two developments interfered. First, lack of i-umlaut shows that the final -i was replaced with -a in this prefix, perhaps by analogy with its synonym halba- (later healf-). Second, the root vowel shows shortening, since without i-umlaut the regular outcome of /ɑ̃:/ is /o:/: brōhte ‘(s)he brought’ brōm ‘broom’ (the plant) cōmon ‘they came’ fōn ‘to catch’ ġeōmor ‘miserable’ glōm ‘twilight’ hōh ‘heel’ hōn ‘to hang’ mōna ‘moon’ mōnaþ ‘month’ nōmon ‘they took’ ōht ‘chase’ sōna ‘immediately’ spōn ‘wood chip’ tōh ‘tough’ þō ‘clay’ þōhte ‘(s)he thought’ wōh ‘crooked, wrong’ In most compounds of sam- this shortening is expected, since a prehistoric sound change shortened long vowels before (1) clusters of three consonants, (2) two consonants plus two syllables, or (3) geminates. This shortening could have been eliminated by leveling in many cases (there is no way to know how often, as Old English manuscripts do not normally mark vowel length), but it was apparently maintained in sam-. Words with shortening by regular sound change include sambærned (“half-burnt”), samblind (“half-blind”), samboren* (“born early”), samcwic (“half-dead”), samlǣred (“half-educated”), samlocen (“half-closed”), sammelt (“half-digested”), samsoden (“half-cocked”), samweaxen (“adolescent”), and swā forþ. From these words and from some inflected forms, the short vowel must have spread by analogy to e.g. samġeong (“adolescent”), samhāl (“unwell”), samwīs (“dumb”), and samworht (“half-finished”). Pronunciation IPA^(key): /sɑm/ Prefix sam- (literally) half- (figuratively) partially Descendants Middle English: sam- English: sam Etymology 2 From Proto-Germanic samaz (“together”), from Proto-Indo-European somHós (“same”), Proto-Indo-European sem- (“one, together”). Compare Old English samen* (“together”), Old English same (“manner, similitude”). Pronunciation IPA^(key): /sɑm/ Prefix sam- union, combination, agreement; together, con- samheort ― unanimous, "same-hearted" Derived terms Old English terms prefixed with sam- Old Norse Etymology From Proto-Germanic samaz (“same, alike”), from Proto-Indo-European somHós. Prefix sam- together, con- Derived terms Old Norse terms prefixed with sam- Descendants Icelandic: sam- Faroese: sam- Norwegian Nynorsk: sam- Norwegian Bokmål: sam- Swedish: sam- Danish: sam- Swedish Prefix sam- together, co-, con- Antonym: sär- Derived terms Swedish terms prefixed with sam- samåka sambeskatta samfund samförstånd samhörighet samnordisk samröre samspråk samstämmig samtycke samvälde See also samla samma samman sams References sam- in Svensk ordbok (SO) sam- in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL) sam- in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB) Anagrams mas Tagalog Alternative forms sang- san- Etymology See sang-. Pronunciation IPA^(key): /ˈsam/, [ˈsam] Prefix sam- alternative form of sang-, with roots that begin with (b) or (p). Derived terms Tagalog terms prefixed with sam-
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