saillir
French
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /sa.jiʁ/
Etymology 1
From Middle French saillir, from Old French saillir, salir, from Latin salīre, present active infinitive of saliō, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *sl̥-ye-.
Verb
saillir
- (archaic, chiefly of a liquid) to spurt
- (archaic) to sire (to procreate)
Conjugation
This verb is part of a small group of verbs in -ir that conjugate in the indicative imperfect and present, the subjunctive present, and the present participle, as if they ended in -er. They are sometimes written with an 'e' in the future and imperfect, like cueillir and other verbs in -llir.This verb is conjugated only in the third person.
Conjugation of saillir (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | saillir | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | saillant /sa.jɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | sailli /sa.ji/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | — | — | saille /saj/ | — | — | saillent /saj/ |
| imperfect | — | — | saillait /sa.jɛ/ | — | — | saillaient /sa.jɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | — | — | saillit /sa.ji/ | — | — | saillirent /sa.jiʁ/ | |
| future | — | — | saillira or saillera /sa.ji.ʁa/ or /saj.ʁa/ | — | — | sailliront or sailleront /sa.ji.ʁɔ̃/ or /saj.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | — | — | saillirait or saillerait /sa.ji.ʁɛ/ or /saj.ʁɛ/ | — | — | sailliraient or sailleraient /sa.ji.ʁɛ/ or /saj.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) | present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | — | — | saille /saj/ | — | — | saillent /saj/ |
| imperfect2 | — | — | saillît /sa.ji/ | — | — | saillissent /sa.jis/ | |
| (compound tenses) | past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Verb
saillir
- to stick out, bulge out, jut out
Conjugation
This is a regular verb of the second conjugation, like finir, choisir, and most other verbs with infinitives ending in -ir. One salient feature of this conjugation is the repeated appearance of the infix -iss-.
Conjugation of saillir (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | saillir | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | saillissant /sa.ji.sɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | sailli /sa.ji/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | saillis /sa.ji/ | saillis /sa.ji/ | saillit /sa.ji/ | saillissons /sa.ji.sɔ̃/ | saillissez /sa.ji.se/ | saillissent /sa.jis/ |
| imperfect | saillissais /sa.ji.sɛ/ | saillissais /sa.ji.sɛ/ | saillissait /sa.ji.sɛ/ | saillissions /sa.ji.sjɔ̃/ | saillissiez /sa.ji.sje/ | saillissaient /sa.ji.sɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | saillis /sa.ji/ | saillis /sa.ji/ | saillit /sa.ji/ | saillîmes /sa.jim/ | saillîtes /sa.jit/ | saillirent /sa.jiʁ/ | |
| future | saillirai /sa.ji.ʁe/ | sailliras /sa.ji.ʁa/ | saillira /sa.ji.ʁa/ | saillirons /sa.ji.ʁɔ̃/ | saillirez /sa.ji.ʁe/ | sailliront /sa.ji.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | saillirais /sa.ji.ʁɛ/ | saillirais /sa.ji.ʁɛ/ | saillirait /sa.ji.ʁɛ/ | saillirions /sa.ji.ʁjɔ̃/ | sailliriez /sa.ji.ʁje/ | sailliraient /sa.ji.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) | present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | saillisse /sa.jis/ | saillisses /sa.jis/ | saillisse /sa.jis/ | saillissions /sa.ji.sjɔ̃/ | saillissiez /sa.ji.sje/ | saillissent /sa.jis/ |
| imperfect2 | saillisse /sa.jis/ | saillisses /sa.jis/ | saillît /sa.ji/ | saillissions /sa.ji.sjɔ̃/ | saillissiez /sa.ji.sje/ | saillissent /sa.jis/ | |
| (compound tenses) | past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | saillis /sa.ji/ | — | saillissons /sa.ji.sɔ̃/ | saillissez /sa.ji.se/ | — | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Further reading
- “saillir”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Middle French
Etymology
From Old French salir, from Latin salīre, present active infinitive of saliō.
Verb
saillir
- to jump
- (figuratively) to fly through the air, to get knocked into the air
- 1488, Jean Dupré, Lancelot du Lac, page 15:
- faisant saillir le sang des chairs
- making the blood fly through the air out of their flesh
-
Derived terms
- assaillir
Descendants
- French: saillir
Old French
Verb
saillir
- alternative infinitive of salir.
Conjugation
This verb conjugates as a third-group verb. This verb has irregularities in its conjugation. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
Conjugation of saillir (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | saillir | avoir sali, sailli | |||||
| gerund | en salant, saillant | Use the gerund of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| present participle | salant, saillant | ||||||
| past participle | sali, sailli | ||||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
| simple tenses | present | sail | saus | saut | salons, saillons | salez, sailliez | salent, saillent |
| imperfect | saloie, saleie, sailloie, sailleie | saloies, saleies, sailloies, sailleies | saloit, saleit, sailloit, sailleit | saliiens, saliens, sailliiens, sailliens | saliiez, saliez, sailliiez, sailliez | saloient, saleient, sailloient, sailleient | |
| preterite | sali, sailli | salis, saillis | sali, sailli | salimes, saillimes | salistes, saillistes | salirent, saillirent | |
| future | saudrai | saudras | saudra | saudrons | saudroiz, saudreiz, saudrez | saudront | |
| conditional | saudroie, saudreie | saudroies, saudreies | saudroit, saudreit | saudriiens, saudriens | saudriiez, saudriez | saudroient, saudreient | |
| compound tenses | present perfect | Use the present tense of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | Use the imperfect tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | Use the preterite tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | Use the conditional tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
| simple tenses | present | saille | sailles | saille | sailliens, saillons | sailliez | saillent |
| imperfect | saillise | saillises | saillit | saillisons, saillisiens | saillisoiz, saillisez, saillisiez | saillisent | |
| compound tenses | past | Use the present subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | Use the imperfect subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
| — | sail | — | salons, saillons | salez, sailliez | — | ||
Derived terms
- assaillir
- tressaillir
Descendants
- French: saillir