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单词 sad
释义

sad

See also: SAD, sadů, säd, sąd, sáð, and сад

Translingual

Symbol

sad

  1. (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Sandawe.

English

Etymology 1

From Middle English sad, from Old English sæd (“sated, full”), from Proto-Germanic *sadaz (“sated, satisfied”), from Proto-Indo-European *seh₂- (“to satiate, satisfy”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /sæd/
  • Audio (US)(file)
  • Rhymes: -æd

Adjective

sad (comparative sadder or more sad, superlative saddest or most sad)

  1. (heading) Emotionally negative.
    1. Feeling sorrow; sorrowful, mournful.
      She gets sad when he's away.
      • c. 1590–1592, William Shakespeare, “The Taming of the Shrew”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act III, scene ii], page 219, column 2:
        Firſt were we ſad, fearing you would not come, / Now ſadder that you come ſo vnprouided: […]
      • 1667, John Milton, “Book IX”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], […], OCLC 228722708; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, OCLC 230729554, line 18:
        […] Th’ Angelic Guards aſcended, mute and ſad […]
    2. Appearing sorrowful.
      The puppy had a sad little face.
    • 2010 February 1, Eric Rentschler, Itoh's Ghost‎, iUniverse, →ISBN, OCLC 586123045, page 54:
      We need a sad man. Give us a sad man.” Tomo gave the look of a sad man, then followed with the body of a sad man. “That's it, more of that. can you manufacture a mole right here? Yes, a very ugly mole. Right here, on the chin. […]
    1. Causing sorrow; lamentable.
      It's a sad fact that most rapes go unreported.
      • 1911, G. K. Chesterton, The Ballad of the White Horse
        The Great Gaels of Ireland are the men that God made mad, / For all their wars are merry and all their songs are sad.
      • 1963, Margery Allingham, “Eye Witness”, in The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, OCLC 483591931, page 249:
        The story struck the depressingly familiar note with which true stories ring in the tried ears of experienced policemen. No one queried it. It was in the classic pattern of human weakness, mean and embarrassing and sad.
    2. Poor in quality, bad; shameful, deplorable; later, regrettable, poor.
      That's the saddest-looking pickup truck I've ever seen.
      • 1819 July 15, [Lord Byron], Don Juan, London: […] Thomas Davison, […], OCLC 560103767, canto II, stanza CXXVII, page 182:
        Heaven knows what cash he got, or blood he spilt, / A sad old fellow was he, if you please […].
    3. Of colours: dark, deep; later, sombre, dull.
      • 1650, Thomas Browne, “Compendiously of Sundry Other Common Tenents, Concerning Minerall and Terreous Bodies, Which Examined, Prove Either False or Dubious”, in Pseudodoxia Epidemica: […], 2nd edition, London: […] A[braham] Miller, for Edw[ard] Dod and Nath[aniel] Ekins, […], OCLC 152706203, 2nd book, page 69:
        […] this is either uſed crude, and called ſulphur vive, and is of a ſadder colour; or after depuration, ſuch as we have in magdeleons or rols of a lighter yellow.
      • 1679, Izaak Walton, The Life of Bishop Robert Sanderson
        sad-coloured clothes
      • 1707, J[ohn] Mortimer, The Whole Art of Husbandry; or, The Way of Managing and Improving of Land. […], 2nd edition, London: […] J[ohn] H[umphreys] for H[enry] Mortlock […], and J[onathan] Robinson […], published 1708, OCLC 13320837:
        Woad, or wade, is used by the dyers to lay the foundation of many colours, especially all sad colours.
  2. (obsolete) Sated, having had one's fill; satisfied, weary.
  3. (obsolete) Steadfast, valiant.
    • 1593, anonymous, The Life and Death of Iacke Straw […], Act I:
      The fearefull newes that whilſt the flame doth but begin,
      Sad pollicie may ſerue to quench the fire: […]
  4. (obsolete) Dignified, serious, grave.
    • 1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Clerke of Oxenfordes Tale”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], OCLC 230972125; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, OCLC 932884868, folio xlix, verso, line 4, column 2:
      […] ſadde and rype corage […]
      (please add an English translation of this quote)
    • 1509, Sebastian Brant, Alexander Barclay (translator), The Ship of Fools,
      Therfore it nedeth that better prouysion.
      Were founde for youthe by sad and wyse counsayle
    • 1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book II, Canto XI”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, OCLC 960102938, stanza 3, page 348:
      Vproſe Sir Guyon, in bright armour clad, / And to his purpoſd iourney him prepar'd: / With him the Palmer eke in habit ſad, / Him ſelfe addreſt to that aduenture hard: […]
  5. (obsolete) Naughty; troublesome; wicked.
    • 1859, Ferna Vale, Natalie; or, A Gem Among the Sea-Weeds:
      Mr. Santon laughed, and merely said,—"Oh, you cruel beauty!" returning to his paper again; but, seated in the bay-window was one, who could not thus lightly look upon the conduct of the coquettish Winnie, for it was evident she was a sad coquette.
    • 1860, Isaac Taylor, “Essay III. Modern Advancements and Lay Inventors.”, in Ultimate Civilization and Other Essays, London: Bell and Daldy […], OCLC 6077058, section IX, page 227:
      In ſuch places, it would not be doubted, that a grim Daniel Scroggins, and an aproned Sam Smith, might be found—ſad tipſy fellows, both of them, to whoſe ingenuity this or that mechanical improvement had been due.
  6. (slang) Unfashionable; socially inadequate or undesirable.
    I can't believe you use drugs; you're so sad!
  7. (dialect) Soggy (to refer to pastries).
  8. (obsolete) Heavy; weighty; ponderous; close; hard.
    sad bread
    • 1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book II, Canto VIII”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, OCLC 960102938, stanza 30, page 299:
      […] his hand, more ſad then lomp of lead, […]
    • 1707, J[ohn] Mortimer, The Whole Art of Husbandry; or, The Way of Managing and Improving of Land. […], 2nd edition, London: […] J[ohn] H[umphreys] for H[enry] Mortlock […], and J[onathan] Robinson […], published 1708, OCLC 13320837:
      Chalky lands are naturally cold and sad.
Synonyms
  • (feeling mentally uncomfortable): discomforted, distressed, uncomfortable, unhappy
  • (low in spirits): depressed, down in the dumps, glum, melancholy
  • (moving, full of feeling): poignant, touching
  • (causing sorrow): lamentable
  • (poor in quality): pitiful, sorry
  • See also Thesaurus:sad
  • See also Thesaurus:lamentable
Antonyms
  • happy
  • cheerful
  • gleeful, upbeat
  • decent
Derived terms
  • sadness
  • sadder
  • saddest
  • sadboi
  • sad sack
  • sadfishing
  • unsad
  • sadden
Translations
dialect: soggy — see soggy
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked
Further reading
  • sad in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913
  • sad in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911

Verb

sad (third-person singular simple present sads, present participle sadding, simple past and past participle sadded)

  1. (transitive, archaic) To make melancholy; to sadden or grieve (someone).
    • 16??, John Webster, Appius and Virginia
      My father's wondrous pensive, and withal / With a suppress'd rage left his house displeas'd, / And so in post is hurried to the camp: / It sads me much; to expel which melancholy, / I have sent for company.

Noun

sad (plural sads)

  1. Alternative form of saad (“Arabic letter”)

Anagrams

  • ADS, ADs, ASD, AdS, Ads, DA's, DAS, DAs, DSA, SDA, ads, das

Cebuano

Pronunciation

  • Hyphenation: sad

Adverb

sad

  1. (focus) also; too
  2. (after a negative) either

Czech

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ˈsat]

Etymology 1

From Old Czech sad, from Proto-Slavic *sadъ.

Noun

sad m inan

  1. orchard
Declension
Declension of sad
singularplural
nominativesadsady
genitivesadusadů
dativesadusadům
accusativesadsady
vocativesadesady
locativesadu, saděsadech
instrumentalsademsady
Derived terms
  • sadař m
  • sadový

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

sad

  1. genitive plural of sada

Further reading

  • sad in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
  • sad in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989
  • sad in Internetová jazyková příručka

Danish

Verb

sad

  1. past tense of sidde

Gothic

Romanization

sad

  1. Romanization of 𐍃𐌰𐌳

Livonian

Alternative forms

  • (Courland) sa'd

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *sato.

Noun

sad

  1. precipitation (hail, rain, snow)

Lower Sorbian

sad

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *sadъ (“plant, garden”). Cognate with Upper Sorbian sad, Polish sad (“orchard”), Czech sad (“orchard”), Russian сад (sad, “orchard, garden”), Old Church Slavonic садъ (sadŭ, “plant, garden”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [sat]

Noun

sad m

  1. fruit (food)

Declension

Declension of sad
singular (uncountable)
Nominativesad
Genitivesada
Dativesadoju
Accusativesad
Instrumentalsadom
Locativesaźe

Middle English

Etymology 1

From Old English sæd, from Proto-West Germanic *sad, from Proto-Germanic *sadaz, from Proto-Indo-European *seh₂-.

Alternative forms

  • saad, sadd, zed
  • (early) sæd, sead, sed

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /sad/, /saːd/

Adjective

sad (plural and weak singular sadde, comparative saddere, superlative saddest)

  1. sated, weary (having had enough) [from 9th c.]
  2. firm, solid, hard: [from 14th c.]
    1. steady, enduring
    2. intense, powerful, severe
    3. secure (inspiring trust)
    4. dense, thick, tightly-packed
  3. considered, thoughtful, serious[from 14th c.]
  4. sad (inspiring or having sorrow) [from 14th c.]
  5. authentic, true, genuine [from 15th c.]
  6. (of colors) dark, deep [from 15th c.]
  • saden
  • sadnesse
  • sadly
Descendants
  • English: sad
  • Scots: sad

Adverb

sad (comparative saddere)

  1. firmly, solidly, steadily
  2. strongly, intensely
  3. seriously, consideredly
  4. sadly (in a sorrowful way)
Descendants
  • English: sad (dialectal)
  • Scots: sad

References

  • “sā̆d, adj.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

Noun

sad

  1. (Early Middle English) Alternative form of seed (“seed”)

Verb

sad

  1. Alternative form of saden

Old Saxon

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *sad, from Proto-Germanic *sadaz, from Proto-Indo-European *seh₂- (“to satiate, satisfy”).

Adjective

sad (comparative sadoro, superlative sadost)

  1. full, sated, satiated
  2. weary

Declension

Positive forms of sad
Strong declension
gendermasculineneuterfeminine
casesingularpluralsingularpluralsingularplural
nominativesadsadesadsadesadsadu
accusativesadanasadesadsadesadasadu
genitivesadessadarōsadessadarōsadarosadarō
dativesadumusadumsadumusadumsadarosadum
Weak declension
gendermasculineneuterfeminine
casesingularpluralsingularpluralsingularplural
nominativesadosadusadasadusadasadu
accusativesadunsadunsadasadunsadunsadun
genitivesadunsadonōsadunsadonōsadunsadonō
dativesadunsadumsadunsadumsadunsadum
Comparative forms of sad (weak only)
gendermasculineneuterfeminine
casesingularpluralsingularpluralsingularplural
nominativesadorosadorusadorasadorusadorasadoru
accusativesadorunsadorunsadorasadorunsadorunsadorun
genitivesadorunsadoronōsadorunsadoronōsadorunsadoronō
dativesadorunsadorumsadorunsadorumsadorunsadorum
Superlative forms of sad
Strong declension
gendermasculineneuterfeminine
casesingularpluralsingularpluralsingularplural
nominativesadostsadostesadostsadostesadostsadostu
accusativesadostanasadostesadostsadostesadostasadostu
genitivesadostessadostarōsadostessadostarōsadostarosadostarō
dativesadostumusadostumsadostumusadostumsadostarosadostum
Weak declension
gendermasculineneuterfeminine
casesingularpluralsingularpluralsingularplural
nominativesadostosadostusadostasadostusadostasadostu
accusativesadostunsadostunsadostasadostunsadostunsadostun
genitivesadostunsadostonōsadostunsadostonōsadostunsadostonō
dativesadostunsadostumsadostunsadostumsadostunsadostum


Descendants

  • Middle Low German sat

Polish

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sadъ.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /sat/
  • Audio(file)
  • Rhymes: -at
  • Syllabification: sad

Noun

sad m inan (diminutive sadek)

  1. orchard

Declension

Declension of sad
singularplural
nominativesadsady
genitivesadusadów
dativesadowisadom
accusativesadsady
instrumentalsademsadami
locativesadziesadach
vocativesadziesady
adjective
  • sadowy
noun
  • sadownik
verb
  • sadzić

Further reading

  • sad in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • sad in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Romanian

Etymology

From Old Church Slavonic садъ (sadŭ).

Noun

sad n (plural saduri)

  1. (dated) orchard

Declension

Declension of sad
singularplural
indefinite articulationdefinite articulationindefinite articulationdefinite articulation
nominative/accusative(un) sadsadul(niște) sadurisadurile
genitive/dative(unui) sadsadului(unor) sadurisadurilor
vocativesadulesadurilor

Scots

Etymology

From Old English sæd.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /sɑd/

Adjective

sad (comparative sadder, superlative saddest)

  1. grave, serious
  2. strange, remarkable
  3. sad

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology 1

From Proto-Slavic *sьda, *sьgoda.

Alternative forms

  • sȁda

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /sâd/

Adverb

sȁd (Cyrillic spelling са̏д)

  1. now
  2. currently
  3. presently

Etymology 2

From Proto-Slavic *sadъ. Compare Russian сад (sad).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /sâːd/

Noun

sȃd m (Cyrillic spelling са̑д)

  1. plant nursery, plantation, orchard (specialized facility rather than a home garden)
  2. a seeding or sapling from a plant nursery
Declension
Declension of sad
singularplural
nominativesadsadovi
genitivesadasadova
dativesadusadovima
accusativesadasadove
vocativesadesadovi
locativesadusadovima
instrumentalsadomsadovima

References

  • “sad” in Hrvatski jezični portal
  • “sad” in Hrvatski jezični portal

Slovak

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *sadъ.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [sat]

Noun

sad m (genitive singular sadu, nominative plural sady, genitive plural sadov, declension pattern of dub)

  1. garden, orchard, plantation

Declension

Declension of sad
singularplural
nominativesadsady
genitivesadusadov
dativesadusadom
accusativesadsady
locativesadesadoch
instrumentalsadomsadmi

Derived terms

adjectives
  • sadovnícky
  • sadový
nouns
  • sadík
  • sadovníctvo
  • sadovník

Further reading

  • sad in Slovak dictionaries at slovnik.juls.savba.sk

Slovene

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /sáːt/

Noun

sȃd m inan

  1. fruit

Inflection

Masculine inan., hard o-stem, mobile accent, plural in -ôv-
nom. sing.sád
gen. sing.sadú
singulardualplural
nominative
(imenovȃlnik)		sádsadôvasadôvi
genitive
(rodȋlnik)		sadúsadôvsadôv
dative
(dajȃlnik)		sádusadôvomasadôvom
accusative
(tožȋlnik)		sádsadôvasadôve
locative
(mẹ̑stnik)		sádusadôvihsadôvih
instrumental
(orọ̑dnik)		sádomsadôvomasadôvi
Masculine inan., hard o-stem
nom. sing.sád
gen. sing.sáda
singulardualplural
nominative
(imenovȃlnik)		sádsádasádi
genitive
(rodȋlnik)		sádasádovsádov
dative
(dajȃlnik)		sádusádomasádom
accusative
(tožȋlnik)		sádsádasáde
locative
(mẹ̑stnik)		sádusádihsádih
instrumental
(orọ̑dnik)		sádomsádomasádi

Further reading

  • “sad”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran

Turkish

Etymology

From Arabic صَاد‎ (ṣād).

Noun

sad

  1. Letter of the Arabic alphabet: ص

Alternative forms

  • sat

Wakhi

Etymology

Compare Tajik сад (sad).

Numeral

sad

  1. hundred
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