arrugar
Catalan
Pronunciation
- (Balearic, Central) IPA(key): /ə.ruˈɡa/
- (Valencian) IPA(key): /a.ruˈɡaɾ/
- Rhymes: -a(ɾ)
Verb
arrugar (first-person singular present arrugo, past participle arrugat)
- (transitive) to wrinkle
Conjugation
Conjugation of arrugar (first conjugation)
infinitive | arrugar | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
present participle | arrugant | ||||||
past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
singular | arrugat | arrugada | |||||
plural | arrugats | arrugades | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè | nosaltres nós | vosaltres vós | ells/elles vostès | |
present | arrugo | arrugues | arruga | arruguem | arrugueu | arruguen | |
imperfect | arrugava | arrugaves | arrugava | arrugàvem | arrugàveu | arrugaven | |
future | arrugaré | arrugaràs | arrugarà | arrugarem | arrugareu | arrugaran | |
preterite | arruguí | arrugares | arrugà | arrugàrem | arrugàreu | arrugaren | |
conditional | arrugaria | arrugaries | arrugaria | arrugaríem | arrugaríeu | arrugarien | |
subjunctive | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè | nosaltres nós | vosaltres vós | ells/elles vostès | |
present | arrugui | arruguis | arrugui | arruguem | arrugueu | arruguin | |
imperfect | arrugués | arruguessis | arrugués | arruguéssim | arruguéssiu | arruguessin | |
imperative | — | tu | vostè | nosaltres | vosaltres vós | vostès | |
— | arruga | arrugui | arruguem | arrugueu | arruguin |
Related terms
- arruga
Further reading
- “arrugar” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
- “arrugar”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2023
- “arrugar” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
- “arrugar” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
Spanish
Etymology
From Latin irrūgō (“to wrinkle, to make wrinkled”), from rūga (“wrinkle”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /aruˈɡaɾ/ [a.ruˈɣ̞aɾ]
- Rhymes: -aɾ
- Syllabification: a‧rru‧gar
Verb
arrugar (first-person singular present arrugo, first-person singular preterite arrugué, past participle arrugado)
- (transitive) to crease, to crumple
- (transitive) to wrinkle
- (reflexive) to chicken out, back down, lose one's nerve
Conjugation
Conjugation of arrugar (g-gu alternation) (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)
infinitive | arrugar | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | arrugando | ||||||
past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
singular | arrugado | arrugada | |||||
plural | arrugados | arrugadas | |||||
singular | plural | ||||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
indicative | yo | tú vos | él/ella/ello usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ellos/ellas ustedes | |
present | arrugo | arrugastú arrugásvos | arruga | arrugamos | arrugáis | arrugan | |
imperfect | arrugaba | arrugabas | arrugaba | arrugábamos | arrugabais | arrugaban | |
preterite | arrugué | arrugaste | arrugó | arrugamos | arrugasteis | arrugaron | |
future | arrugaré | arrugarás | arrugará | arrugaremos | arrugaréis | arrugarán | |
conditional | arrugaría | arrugarías | arrugaría | arrugaríamos | arrugaríais | arrugarían | |
subjunctive | yo | tú vos | él/ella/ello usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ellos/ellas ustedes | |
present | arrugue | arruguestú arruguésvos2 | arrugue | arruguemos | arruguéis | arruguen | |
imperfect (ra) | arrugara | arrugaras | arrugara | arrugáramos | arrugarais | arrugaran | |
imperfect (se) | arrugase | arrugases | arrugase | arrugásemos | arrugaseis | arrugasen | |
future1 | arrugare | arrugares | arrugare | arrugáremos | arrugareis | arrugaren | |
imperative | — | tú vos | usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ustedes | |
affirmative | arrugatú arrugávos | arrugue | arruguemos | arrugad | arruguen | ||
negative | no arrugues | no arrugue | no arruguemos | no arruguéis | no arruguen |
1Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
2Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
Selected combined forms of arrugar (g-gu alternation)
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.
singular | plural | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
with infinitive arrugar | |||||||
dative | arrugarme | arrugarte | arrugarle, arrugarse | arrugarnos | arrugaros | arrugarles, arrugarse | |
accusative | arrugarme | arrugarte | arrugarlo, arrugarla, arrugarse | arrugarnos | arrugaros | arrugarlos, arrugarlas, arrugarse | |
with gerund arrugando | |||||||
dative | arrugándome | arrugándote | arrugándole, arrugándose | arrugándonos | arrugándoos | arrugándoles, arrugándose | |
accusative | arrugándome | arrugándote | arrugándolo, arrugándola, arrugándose | arrugándonos | arrugándoos | arrugándolos, arrugándolas, arrugándose | |
with informal second-person singular tú imperative arruga | |||||||
dative | arrúgame | arrúgate | arrúgale | arrúganos | not used | arrúgales | |
accusative | arrúgame | arrúgate | arrúgalo, arrúgala | arrúganos | not used | arrúgalos, arrúgalas | |
with informal second-person singular vos imperative arrugá | |||||||
dative | arrugame | arrugate | arrugale | arruganos | not used | arrugales | |
accusative | arrugame | arrugate | arrugalo, arrugala | arruganos | not used | arrugalos, arrugalas | |
with formal second-person singular imperative arrugue | |||||||
dative | arrúgueme | not used | arrúguele, arrúguese | arrúguenos | not used | arrúgueles | |
accusative | arrúgueme | not used | arrúguelo, arrúguela, arrúguese | arrúguenos | not used | arrúguelos, arrúguelas | |
with first-person plural imperative arruguemos | |||||||
dative | not used | arruguémoste | arruguémosle | arruguémonos | arruguémoos | arruguémosles | |
accusative | not used | arruguémoste | arruguémoslo, arruguémosla | arruguémonos | arruguémoos | arruguémoslos, arruguémoslas | |
with informal second-person plural imperative arrugad | |||||||
dative | arrugadme | not used | arrugadle | arrugadnos | arrugaos | arrugadles | |
accusative | arrugadme | not used | arrugadlo, arrugadla | arrugadnos | arrugaos | arrugadlos, arrugadlas | |
with formal second-person plural imperative arruguen | |||||||
dative | arrúguenme | not used | arrúguenle | arrúguennos | not used | arrúguenles, arrúguense | |
accusative | arrúguenme | not used | arrúguenlo, arrúguenla | arrúguennos | not used | arrúguenlos, arrúguenlas, arrúguense |
Derived terms
- arruga
- arrugado
Further reading
- “arrugar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014