Sabbath

Sabbath

See also: sabbath

English

Alternative forms

• sabbath

Etymology

From Middle English sabat, sabbat, sabath, from Old English sabat and Old French sabbat, both from Latin sabbatum, from Ancient Greek σάββατον (sábbaton, “Sabbath”), from Hebrew שַׁבָּת‎ (shabát, “Sabbath”),[1][2] with the spelling ending in -th, probably influenced by the traditional transliteration of the Hebrew as shabbāth, being attested since the 14th century and widespread since the 16th.[3] Doublet of Shabbat. Possibly from the Sumerian sa-bat ("mid-rest")[4]

Pronunciation

• (UK, US) IPA^(key): /ˈsæbəθ/

• Audio (RP)

  (file)

Noun

Sabbath (plural Sabbaths)

1. Saturday, observed in Judaism and some Christian denominations as a day of rest and worship.
2. Sunday, observed in most of Christianity as a day of rest and worship.
3. A meeting of witches. (Also called a witches' Sabbath, Shabbat, sabbat, or black Sabbath.)
   • 1936, Rollo Ahmed, The Black Art, London: Long, page 112:

     Witches always anointed themselves with ointments before departing up the chimney to their Sabbaths. One such ointment was composed of Aconite, Belladonna, Water Parsley, Cinquefoil and Babies' Fat.

   • 1971, Keith Thomas, Religion and the Decline of Magic, Folio Society 2012, page 419:

     Around this conception was built up the notion of ritual devil-worship, involving the sabbath or nocturnal meeting at which the witches gathered to worship their master and to copulate with him.

4. (historical) Among the ancient Jews and Hebrews, the seventh year, when the land was left fallow.

   Synonym: Sabbath year

5. (Buddhism, Myanmar) uposatha day

Derived terms

• Sabbath-breaker
• Sabbath breaker
• Sabbathbreaker
• Sabbathbreaking
• Sabbath breaking
• Sabbath-breaking
• Sabbathkeeper
• Sabbath keeper
• Sabbath-keeper
• Sabbath-keeping
• Sabbath keeping
• Sabbathkeeping
• Sabbathless
• Sabbathlike

 

Related terms

• sabbat
• Sabbat
• sabbatarian
• Sabbatarian
• sabbatarianism
• Sabbatarianism
• sabbatic
• Sabbatic
• sabbatical
• Sabbatical
• sabbatically
• Sabbatically
• sabbatise
• Sabbatise
• Sabbatiser
• sabbatiser
• Sabbatism
• sabbatism
• Sabbatist
• sabbatist
• Sabbatistic
• sabbatistic
• sabbatistical
• Sabbatistical
• Sabbatize
• sabbatize
• sabbatizer
• Sabbatizer
• Shabbat
• shabbat
• shabbes
• Shabbes
• shabbos
• Shabbos

 

Translations

Saturday (Judaism, some denominations of Christianity)

Aghwan: 𐕐𐔰𐕌𐔱𐔰𐕜 (šambaṭ) Arabic: اَلسَّبْت‎ (ar) m (as-sabt) Armenian: Old Armenian: շաբաթ (šabatʿ) Bulgarian: шабат m (šabat) Chinese: Mandarin: 安息日 (zh) (ānxīrì) Czech: sabat (cs) m, šábes (cs) m Danish: sabbat (da) c Dutch: sabbat (nl) m, sjabbat (nl) m, sjabbes (nl) m Esperanto: sabato (eo), ŝabato Faroese: sabbatur m Finnish: sapatti (fi) French: sabbat (fr) m, shabbat (fr) m, chabbat (fr) m German: Sabbat (de) m, Schabbat (de) m, Schabbes (de) m Greek: σάββατο n (sávvato) Ancient: σάββατον n (sábbaton) Hebrew: שַׁבָּת‎ (he) f (shabát) Ido: sabato (io) Indonesian: sabat (id), Sabat (id) Irish: Sabóid f Japanese: 安息日 (ja) (ansokunichi, ansokujitsu, ansokubi) Kazakh: демалыс күні (demalys künı) Latin: sabbatum n, Hērōdis diēs f Low German: German Low German: Sabbat m, Schabbat m, Schabbes m Macedonian: са́бат m (sábat) Maori: hāpati Norwegian: Bokmål: sabbat m Nynorsk: sabbat m Old English: ræstedæġ m Persian: شبات‎ (šabât) Plautdietsch: Sabat m Polish: szabat (pl) m, szabas (pl) m Portuguese: sabá (pt) m Romanian: Șabat n Russian: шабба́т (ru) m (šabbát), суббо́та (ru) f (subbóta) (Saturday) Scottish Gaelic: Sàbaid f Serbo-Croatian: сабат m, sabat (sh) m Spanish: sábado (es) m, sabbat m Swedish: sabbat (sv) c Thai: สะบาโต (sà-baa-dtoo) Turkish: Şabat Ukrainian: ша́баш (uk) m (šábaš) Volapük: jabat (vo) Yiddish: שבת‎ (yi) m (shabes)

Sunday (most denominations of Christianity)

Czech: neděle (cs) f Danish: søndag (da) c Esperanto: dimanĉo (eo) Finnish: sapatti (fi) French: dimanche (fr) m German: Sonntag (de) m Hebrew: יוֹם רִאשׁוֹן‎ (he) m (yom rishón) Ido: sundio (io) Irish: Sabóid f Low German: German Low German: Sünndag m Macedonian: не́дела (mk) f (nédela) Norwegian: Bokmål: søndag (no) m Nynorsk: sundag (nn) m, søndag (nn) m Polish: niedziela (pl) f Portuguese: domingo (pt) m Russian: воскресе́нье (ru) n (voskresénʹje) Serbo-Croatian: недеља f, nedelja (sh) f Spanish: domingo (es) m Swedish: söndag (sv) c, sabbat (sv) c Ukrainian: неділя (uk) f (nedilja)

witches' Sabbath

Basque: akelarre (eu) Bulgarian: сборище на вещици (sborište na veštici) Catalan: aquelarre (ca), akelarre (ca) Czech: sabat (cs) m Danish: heksesabbat c Dutch: heksensabbat (nl) m Esperanto: sabatorgio Finnish: noitasapatti French: sabbat (fr) m, esba German: Hexensabbat (de) m, Hexentanz m, Teufelstanz m Italian: sabba m Low German: :German Low German: Hexensabbat m Macedonian: please add this translation if you can Norwegian: Bokmål: heksesabbat m Nynorsk: heksesabbat m Polish: sabat (pl) m Portuguese: sabbat, sabá (pt) m Russian: ша́ба́ш (ru) m (šábáš), ша́ба́ш ведьм m (šábáš vedʹm) Serbo-Croatian: врзино коло n, vrzino kolo (sh) n Spanish: aquelarre (es) m Swedish: häxsabbat c Ukrainian: ша́баш (uk) m (šábaš)

See also

• Gregorian calendar
• Jewish calendar
• Julian calendar
• Jumu'ah
• Islamic calendar

References

1. “Sabbath”, in Dictionary.com Unabridged, Dictionary.com, LLC, 1995–present.
2. “Sabbath”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary
3. Douglas Harper (2001–2023), “Sabbath”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.
4. Pinches, T.G. (1919), “Sabbath (Babylonian)”, in Hastings, James, editor, Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics, Selbie, John A., contrib, Charles Scribner's Sons, pages 889–891

Anagrams

• Shabbat, shabbat