sa
Translingual
Symbol
sa
- (international standards) ISO 639-1 language code for Sanskrit.
Abau
Noun
sa
- woman
References
- transnewguinea.org, citing D. C. Laycock, Languages of the Lumi Subdistrict (West Sepik District), New Guinea (1968), Oceanic Linguistics, 7 (1): 36-66
Acehnese
< 0 | 1 | 2 > |
---|---|---|
Cardinal : sa | ||
Etymology
From Proto-Chamic *sa, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əsa, from Proto-Austronesian *əsa.
Numeral
sa
- one
Ainu
Noun
sa (Kana spelling サ)
- elder sister
- Synonym: nanna
References
- John Batchelor (1905) An Ainu-English-Japanese dictionary (including a grammar of the Ainu language), Tokyo; London: Methodist Publishing House; Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner Co., page 385
- Vovin, Alexander V. (2016), “On the Linguistic Prehistory of Hokkaidō”, in Gruzdeva Ekaterina; Janhunen Juha, editors, Crosslinguistics and Linguistic Crossings in Northeast Asia. Papers on the Languages of Sakhalin and Adjacent Regions (Studia Orientalia; 117), Helsinki, pages 29–38
Albanian
Etymology
From Proto-Albanian *si-a, a combination of two pronominal members, Proto-Indo-European *kʷih₂ and [[Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂ew-/h₂en-#Proto-Indo-European|*h₂ew-/h₂en-]]. Alternatively from Proto-Albanian *tšja[1] or, as per Meyer, from Greek σαν (san, “when, whenever”).[2]
Pronoun
sa
- how much
Derived terms
- sasi
References
- Orel, Vladimir (1998), “sa”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Cologne: Brill, →ISBN, page 392
- Meyer, Gustav (1891), “sa”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch der albanesischen Sprache (in German), Strasbourg: Karl J. Trübner, page 375
Ama
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /sa/
Noun
sa
- rain
Atong (India)
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /sʰa/
Numeral
sa (Bengali script সা)
- one
Synonyms
- rongsa
- wan
- eek
References
- van Breugel, Seino. 2015. Atong-English dictionary, second edition. Available online: https://www.academia.edu/487044/Atong_English_Dictionary.
Bahnar
Etymology
From Proto-Bahnaric *caː, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *caʔ (“to eat”); cognate with Halang cha, Koho saa, Semai ca, Pacoh cha, Khmer ស៊ី (si) and Mon စ (cɛˀ).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /saː/
Verb
sa
- to eat
Balinese
< 0 | 1 | 2 > |
---|---|---|
Cardinal : sa | ||
Etymology
From Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əsa, from Proto-Austronesian *əsa.
Numeral
sa
- one
Banjarese
< 0 | 1 | 2 > |
---|---|---|
Cardinal : sa | ||
Etymology
Shortened form of asa, from Proto-Malayic *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əsa, from Proto-Austronesian *əsa.
Numeral
sa
- one
Derived terms
- sa-
Catalan
Etymology 1
From Old Catalan sa~san, from Latin sānus, from Proto-Indo-European *swā-n- (“healthy; whole; active; vigorous”).
Pronunciation
- (Balearic, Central, Valencian) IPA(key): /ˈsa/
- Homophone: ça
Adjective
sa (feminine sana, masculine plural sans, feminine plural sanes)
- healthy
Derived terms
- sa i estalvi
- sanament
- sanejar
Related terms
- insà
- malsà
- sanitat
Etymology 2
From Latin ipsa.
Article
sa f
- (Balearics) nominative feminine singular of es
References
- “sa” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
- “sa”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2023
- “sa” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
- “sa” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
Drung
Etymology
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s/p-wa.
Noun
sa
- tooth
References
Ross Perlin (2019) A Grammar of Trung, Santa Barbara: University of California
Duriankere
Noun
sa
- water
Further reading
- Cornelis L. Voorhoeve, Languages of Irian Jaya Checklist (1975, Canberra: Pacific Linguistics)
Duun
Noun
sa
- fire
Further reading
- Duungooma ABC (alphabet duun), page 26
Eastern Cham
< 0 | 1 | 2 > |
---|---|---|
Cardinal : sa | ||
Alternative forms
- ꨧꨩ
Etymology
From Proto-Chamic *sa, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əsa, from Proto-Austronesian *əsa.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /saː/
Numeral
sa
- one
Estonian
Alternative forms
- Sa (optional capitalization)
Etymology
Short form of sina
Pronoun
sa (genitive su, partitive sind, long form sina)
- you, thou (in unstressed positions)
- Mis sa teed seal? ― What are you doing there?
See also
singular | plural | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
long | short | long | short | ||
1st person | mina | ma | meie | me | |
2nd person | familiar | sina | sa | teie | te |
polite | teie | te | |||
3rd person | animate | tema | ta | nemad | nad |
inanimate | see | need |
Further reading
- sa in Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat
- sa in Raadik, M., editor (2018), Eesti õigekeelsussõnaraamat ÕS 2018, Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus, →ISBN
- sa in Sõnaveeb
Finnish
Etymology
See sinä.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈsɑ/, [ˈs̠ɑ]
- Rhymes: -ɑ
- Syllabification(key): sa
Pronoun
sa
- (personal, archaic, poetic) you (singular; in archaic English: thou).
Synonyms
- sinä (standard Finnish)
- sie (dialectal)
- sä (colloquial)
- sää (dialectal)
Anagrams
- -as, as
French
Etymology
From Old French sa, from Latin sua feminine form of suus.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /sa/
audio (file)
Determiner
sa f sg
- (possessive) his, her, its, their, one's
- Emma est allée chez sa sœur.
- Emma went to her sister's house.
- Pierre a perdu sa carte d'identité.
- Pierre has lost his identity card.
- Sa voiture est blanche.
- Their car is white.
Related terms
Possessee | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||||
Masculine | Feminine | |||||
Possessor | Singular | First person | mon1 | ma | mes | |
Second person | ton1 | ta | tes | |||
Third person | son1 | sa | ses | |||
Plural | First person | notre | nos | |||
Second person | votre2 | vos2 | ||||
Third person | leur | leurs |
- 1 Also used before feminine adjectives and nouns beginning with a vowel or mute h.
- 2 Also used as the polite singular form.
Further reading
- “sa”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Anagrams
- as
Futuna-Aniwa
Etymology
From Proto-Polynesian *saqa.
Adjective
sa
- bad
- ugly
Galician
Etymology
Either from Proto-Germanic *saliz (“house, hall”),[1] or from Proto-Germanic *sēaną (“to sow”).[2]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈsa/
Noun
sa f (plural sas)
- generation, litter
- sowing season
References
- “sa” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006–2013.
- Joan Coromines; José A. Pascual (1983–1991), “sala”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico (in Spanish), Madrid: Gredos
- Piel, J. M. (1973), "Betrachtungen zu hisp.-got. *sala, gal.-pg. Sáa, Sá", in Studia Iberica. Festschrift für Hans Flache. München: Francke Verlag. page 463.
Garo
1 | 2 > | |
---|---|---|
Cardinal : sa | ||
Etymology
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tjak ~ g-t(j)ik. Cognate with Tibetan གཅིག (gcig), Burmese တစ် (tac).
Numeral
sa
- one
Gothic
Romanization
sa
- Romanization of 𐍃𐌰
Guaraní
Numeral
sa
- hundred
Hadza
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /sa/
Verb
sa
- to rain
Noun
sa
- the form of sako or its inflections after a determiner
Haitian Creole
Etymology
From French ça.
Verb
sa
- can, to be able to
Determiner
sa
- this
- these
- 2019 March 19, “Rankont ann Itali ant Anvwaye Espesyal Etazini ak Larisi sou Kriz Venezuela a”, in Lavwadlamerik:
- Dapre Misey Guaido, 2 peyi sa yo ap defann sèlman enterè biznis yo ak Venezuela.
- According to Mr. Guaido, these two countries are only defending their business interests in Venezuela.
-
- that
- those
Pronoun
sa
- (demonstrative) this
- (demonstrative) these
- (demonstrative) that
- (demonstrative) those
- (interrogative) what
- (relative) what
Derived terms
- kisa
Haroi
< 0 | 1 | 2 > |
---|---|---|
Cardinal : sa | ||
Etymology
From Proto-Chamic *sa, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *əsa, Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əsa, from Proto-Austronesian *əsa.
Numeral
sa
- one
Hausa
Etymology
Generally thought to be from Proto-Chadic (compare Proto-Central Chadic *ɬa), but Newman dissents and considers it a possible borrowing.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /sâː/
- (Standard Kano Hausa) IPA(key): [sâː]
Noun
sâ m (feminine sānìyā, plural shānū, possessed form sân)
- bull, ox, cattle
Higaonon
Preposition
sa
- of
Ido
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /sa/
Determiner
sa
- (archaic) Alternative form of sua.
- 1909-1910, Progreso – duesma yaro, page 40:
- Segun sa opiniono la max (maxim) importanta neceso por I.L. esas la max granda perfekteso, e ne la amaso di adheranti, [...]
- According to his opionion the most important necessity for an I.L. is the perfection, and not the amount of adherents, [...]
- Segun sa opiniono la max (maxim) importanta neceso por I.L. esas la max granda perfekteso, e ne la amaso di adheranti, [...]
- 1909-1910, Progreso – duesma yaro, page 40:
Igbo
Pronunciation
- (inherent tone): IPA(key): /sá/
Verb
sá
- to wash, to scrub.
- Ana m asa efere.
- I am washing plates.
- Ana m asa efere.
Indonesian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /sa/
Etymology 1
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronoun
sa
- (Papua) Synonym of saya
Etymology 2
< 0 | 1 | 2 > |
---|---|---|
Cardinal : sa | ||
Shortened form of esa, from Malay se, from Proto-Malayic *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əsa, from Proto-Austronesian *əsa.
Numeral
sa
- one
Irish
Etymology
From Middle Irish (i)sind, (i)sin, from Old Irish isin(d/t) (“in the m or f or n sg dative”), isin (“into the m or f sg accusative”), isa (“into the n sg accusative”), from Proto-Celtic [[Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/in sindū/sindai#Proto-Celtic|*in sindū/sindai]] (“in the m sg/f sg dative”), [[Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/in sindom/sindam#Proto-Celtic|*in sindom/sindam]] (“into the m sg/f sg accusative”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /sˠə/
Contraction
sa
- Contraction of i+ an.
- Tá an fear sa bhád. ― The man is in the boat
- Tá na páistí ag súgradh sa tsráid. ― The children are playing in the street.
- Táimid inár suí sa seomra (or) tseomra. ― We are sitting in the room.
Usage notes
This contraction is obligatory, i.e. *i an never appears uncontracted. Used before consonant sounds only; otherwise, san is used. Triggers:
- lenition of b, c, f, g, m, p and changes initial s to ts in Ulster varieties,
- lenition of b, c, g, m, p, changes initial s to ts, and triggers eclipsis of f in Munster varieties,
- eclipsis and changes initial s to ts in feminine nouns while not affecting s in masculine nouns in Connacht varieties,
- in An Caighdeán Oifigiúil causes lenition of b, c, f, g, m, p and changes initial s to ts in feminine nouns (An Córas Lárnach) or all nouns (Córas an tSéimhithe).
Often understood to be a contraction of [[ins an#Irish|ins an]], but the forms san, sa were in common use by the 12th century and accepted in Classical Gaelic poetry while ins is a later innovation with the -n- reintroduced by analogy.
Related terms
Basic form | Contracted with | Copular forms | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
an (“the sg”) | na (“the pl”) | mo (“my”) | do (“your”) | a (“his, her, their; which (present)”) | ár (“our”) | ar (“which (past)”) | (before consonant) | (present/future before vowel) | (past/conditional before vowel) | |
de (“from”) | den | de na desna* | de mo dem* | de do ded*, det* | dá | dár | dar | darb | darbh | |
do (“to, for”) | don | do na dosna* | do mo dom* | do do dod*, dot* | dá | dár | dar | darb | darbh | |
faoi (“under, about”) | faoin | faoi na | faoi mo | faoi do | faoina | faoinár | faoinar | faoinarb | faoinarbh | |
i (“in”) | sa, san | sna | i mo im* | i do id*, it* | ina | inár | inar | inarb | inarbh | |
le (“with”) | leis an | leis na | le mo lem* | le do led*, let* | lena | lenár | lenar | lenarb | lenarbh | |
ó (“from, since”) | ón | ó na ósna* | ó mo óm* | ó do ód*, ót* | óna | ónár | ónar | ónarb | ónarbh | |
trí (“through”) | tríd an | trí na | trí mo | trí do | trína | trínár | trínar | trínarb | trínarbh | |
*Dialectal. |
References
- Osborn Bergin (1916), “Irish Grammatical Tracts (Introductory)”, in Ériu, volume 8, Supplement, Royal Irish Academy, DOI:, JSTOR 30007330, §67, page 17
- Lambert McKenna (1944) Bardic Syntactical Tracts, Dublin Institute for Advanced, page 113: “Before pl. art. i n- gives is na, ’sna; in such cases a h- gives as na. (…) Before sg. art. i n- is isin, san (often sa before consonants).”
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “i”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- Gramadach na Gaeilge: An Caighdeán Oifigiúil, Seirbhís Thithe an Oireachtais, 2017, pages 8–10, 15–18
Further reading
- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “sa”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
- Entries containing “sa” in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm, 1959, by Tomás de Bhaldraithe.
- Entries containing “sa” in New English-Irish Dictionary by Foras na Gaeilge.
Italian
Alternative forms
- sà (misspelling)
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈsa‿|| ˈsa/
Verb
sa
- third-person singular present indicative of sapere
- Giovanni sa dov'è Laura. ― Giovanni knows where Laura is.
References
- sa in Luciano Canepari, Dizionario di Pronuncia Italiana (DiPI)
Japanese
Romanization
sa
- Rōmaji transcription of さ
- Rōmaji transcription of サ
Jarai
< 0 | 1 | 2 > |
---|---|---|
Cardinal : sa | ||
Etymology
From Proto-Chamic *sa, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *əsa, Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əsa, from Proto-Austronesian *əsa.
Numeral
sa
- one
Kabyle
< 6 | 7 | 8 > |
---|---|---|
Cardinal : sa Arabic loanword : sebɛa | ||
Etymology
From Proto-Berber.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /sa/
Numeral
sa (feminine sat)
- seven
- Synonym: sebɛa
Kamakan
Alternative forms
- zan (Kamakan)
Noun
sa
- (Kotoxo) water
References
- Chestmir Loukotka, La família lingüística Kamakan del Brasil
- Márcio Silva Martins Andérbio, Revisão da família lingüística Kamakã proposta por Chestmir Loukotka (thesis, Université de Brasilia, 2007 page 52)
Lhao Vo
Etymology
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-hjwəj-t (“water; liquid; body fluid”). Cognate with Lashi suid" and Burmese သွေး (swe:).
Standard form
sa:
Noun
sa
- blood
References
- Dr. Ola Hanson, "A Dictionary of the Kachin Language" (1906).
Ligurian
Verb
sa
- third-person singular present indicative of savéi
Livonian
Alternative forms
- sinā
Etymology
A shorter form of sinā.
Pronoun
sa
- you; second person pronoun, referring to the addressee
Declension
singular (ikšlug) | plural (pǟgiņlug) | |
---|---|---|
nominative (nominatīv) | sinā sa | tēg teg |
genitive (genitīv) | sin | täd |
partitive (partitīv) | sīnda | tēḑi |
dative (datīv) | sinnõn sin | täddõn tän |
instrumental (instrumentāl) | sinkõks | tädkõks |
illative (illatīv) | sinnõ sinnõz | tēži |
inessive (inesīv) | sinsõ | tēši |
elative (elatīv) | sinstõ | tēšti |
See also
- minā, ma
- tämā, ta
References
Renāte Blumberga, Tapio Mäkeläinen, Karl Pajusalu (2013), Lībieši: vēsture, valoda un kultūra, Rīga: Līvõ Kultūr sidām, →ISBN
Lower Sorbian
Preposition
sa
- Obsolete spelling of za
Malay
< 0 | 1 | 2 > |
---|---|---|
Cardinal : sa | ||
Alternative forms
- esa
- ĕsă
- se (se-)
- sĕ (sĕ-)
- să (să-)
- اسا
- س (س-)
Etymology
Shortened form of esa, from Proto-Malayic *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *əsa, Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əsa, from Proto-Austronesian *əsa.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /sə/
- Rhymes: -sə, -ə
Numeral
sa
- (pre-1972) Obsolete spelling of se
Derived terms
- sa- / س-
Maltese
Etymology
Probably from Arabic حَتَّى (ḥattā, “until; as far as; even”). The form, though without doubt unusual, might be explained from earlier *ħta by assimilation in fast speech. Compare Moroccan Arabic حتى (ḥta). Compare also Spanish hasta, which, if related, might point to the existence of an obsolete Maghrebi variant *ḥastā (-). Joseph Aquilina preferred to derive the Maltese form from a contraction of Italian sino a, variant of fino a (“until; as far as”). Both may also have reinforced each other.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /sa/
Preposition
sa
- until
- Se nħobbok sal-aħħar nifs ta’ ħajti.
- I’ll love you until the last breath of my life.
- as far as
Mandarin
Romanization
sa (sa5 / sa0, Zhuyin ˙ㄙㄚ)
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 𠮿.
sa
- Nonstandard spelling of sā.
- Nonstandard spelling of sǎ.
- Nonstandard spelling of sà.
Usage notes
- English transcriptions of Mandarin speech often fail to distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without the appropriate indication of tone.
Maranao
Noun
sa
- tea
References
- A Maranao Dictionary, by Howard P. McKaughan and Batua A. Macaraya
Masalit
Noun
sa
- water
References
- Timothy Leffel, Focus constructions in Masalit (New York University, 05/31/2011)
Matal
Etymology 1
Likely from Proto-Chadic *sa (“to drink”).[1]
Verb
sa
- to drink
- Kà uwana may azà à gi, kavàw à gi tatak may, nəlay akə̀s à gi, katə̀ɗàw gi iyaw gəsà, gəgà məlok gà, kakə̀sàw gi la ahàl səla. (Mata 25:35)[2]
- For I was hungry and you gave me something to eat, I was thirsty and you gave me something to drink (lit: so I drank), I was a stranger and you welcomed me as a guest. (Matthew 25:35)
- Kəla uwabeyuwi uwana asà iyaw aŋa suwa uwanay, nəlay adàkəsay aya (Yuhana 4:13)[3]
- Everyone who drinks of this water will be thirsty again.(John 4:13)
Etymology 2
Likely from Proto-Chadic *(-)sə (“to come”).[4]
Verb
sa
- to come
- La kità Yuhana asà à waŋ, azùw aw, asà aw, ŋgaha azladza tagòɗ kà: 'Masla la masasəɗok mawisiga.' (Mata 11:18)[5]
- For John came neither eating nor drinking, and they say, ‘He has a demon!’ (Matthew 11:18)
- La mavakay uwatà Yesu asà à uda la kay, ŋgaha ahàd adzà madzay la gay dərəv kà matapla tatak à azladza. (Matthew 13:1)[6]
- On that day Jesus came out of the house and was sitting by the sea. (Matthew 13:1)
- "Sà à waŋ, sà à waŋ", tagòɗ à mamətsay, ama mamətsay ahòy atà à ahàl. (Mafətala 9:6)[7]
- Come here, come here, they said to the death, but the death flew from them (Revelation 9:6)
References
- Newman, Paul (1977) Chadic Classification and Reconstructions (Afroasiatic Linguistics; 5), Malibu: Undena
- http://listen.bible.is/MFHWYI/Matt/25#35
- http://listen.bible.is/MFHWYI/John/4#13
- Newman, Paul (1977) Chadic Classification and Reconstructions (Afroasiatic Linguistics; 5), Malibu: Undena
- http://listen.bible.is/MFHWYI/Matt/11#18
- http://listen.bible.is/MFHWYI/Matt/13#1
- http://listen.bible.is/MFHWYI/Rev/9
Minangkabau
< 0 | 1 | 2 > |
---|---|---|
Cardinal : sa | ||
Etymology
From Proto-Malayic *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əsa, from Proto-Austronesian *əsa.
Numeral
sa
- one
Synonyms
- ciek
Derived terms
- sa-
Northern Roglai
< 0 | 1 | 2 > |
---|---|---|
Cardinal : sa | ||
Etymology
From Proto-Chamic *sa, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əsa, from Proto-Austronesian *əsa.
Numeral
sa
- one
Norwegian Bokmål
Verb
sa
- simple past of si
Norwegian Nynorsk
Verb
sa
- past tense of seia
Ojibwe
Particle
sa
- emphasis marker
- Mii sa go ozhiitaawaad igo.
- They were getting ready.
References
- The Ojibwe People's Dictionary https://ojibwe.lib.umn.edu/main-entry/sa-pc-disc
Old French
Etymology
From Latin sua, feminine of suus.
Determiner
sa f (masculine son, plural ses)
- his/hers/its (third-person singular possessive)
Descendants
- French: sa
Old Frisian
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *swa.
Conjunction
sā
- so
- as
- or
Old Irish
Determiner
sa
- Alternative spelling of so
Pali
Alternative forms
- 𑀲 (Brahmi script)
- स (Devanagari script)
- স (Bengali script)
- ස (Sinhalese script)
- သ (Burmese script)
- ส or สะ (Thai script)
- ᩈ (Tai Tham script)
- ສ or ສະ (Lao script)
- ស (Khmer script)
- 𑄥 (Chakma script)
- so (Latin script)
- 𑀲𑁄 (Brahmi script)
- सो (Devanagari script)
- সো (Bengali script)
- සො (Sinhalese script)
- သော or သေႃ (Burmese script)
- โส (Thai script)
- ᩈᩮᩣ (Tai Tham script)
- ໂສ (Lao script)
- សោ (Khmer script)
- 𑄥𑄮 (Chakma script)
Pronoun
sa
- he, it
Adjective
sa
- masculine nominative singular of ta (“that”)
Noun
sa
- vocative singular of san (“dog”)
Palu'e
< 0 | 1 | 2 > |
---|---|---|
Cardinal : sa | ||
Etymology
From Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *isa, *əsa, from Proto-Austronesian *isa, *əsa, *asa.
Numeral
sa
- one
Papiamentu
Alternative forms
- sabi (synonym)
Etymology
From Portuguese saber and Spanish saber and Kabuverdianu sabe.
Verb
sa
- to know
Pawaia
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /sá/, [sá]
Noun
sa
- water
References
- Phonological Considerations of Pawaia, in Oceania Linguistic Monographs, issues 14-15 (1971)
- Transnewguinea.org, citing both D. Trefry, A comparative study of Kuman and Pawaian (1969) and G. E. MacDonald, The Teberan Language Family, pages 111-121, in The Linguistic Situation in the Gulf District and Adjacent Area, Papua New Guinea (editor K. J. Franklin) (1973)
Rade
< 0 | 1 | 2 > |
---|---|---|
Cardinal : sa | ||
Etymology
From Proto-Chamic *sa, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əsa, from Proto-Austronesian *əsa.
Numeral
sa
- one
Rawang
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /sɑ˧/
Verb
sa
- to wait.
Noun
sa
- bird; fowl.
Romani
Pronoun
sa
- all
Romanian
Etymology
From Vulgar Latin *sa, from Latin sua, the feminine form of suus.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /sa/
- Rhymes: -a
Determiner
sa f
- feminine singular of său: his/her
Pronoun
sa f (possessive pronouns)
- (preceded by "a") his/hers (that which is his or hers)
Sardinian
Etymology
From Latin ipsa (“herself”), feminine of ipse (“himself”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /sa/
Article
sa f sg (plural sas)
- the (feminine singular definite article)
Scottish Gaelic
Alternative forms
- sa'
Etymology
From Middle Irish (i)sind, (i)sin, from Old Irish isin(d/t) (“in the m or f or n sg dative”), isin (“into the m or f sg accusative”), isa (“into the n sg accusative”).
Preposition
sa
- in the
- sa bhliadhna de dh'aois Chrìost ― in the year of our Lord, anno domini
Usage notes
- Triggers lenition.
- This form is used before nouns beginning with b, c, g, m or p; otherwise san is used instead.
- Often understood to be a contraction of [[anns a'#Scottish Gaelic|anns a']], but the forms san, sa were in common use by the 12th century and accepted in Classical Gaelic poetry while anns is a later innovation with the -n- reintroduced by analogy.
Related terms
- ann an
- anns
References
- Osborn Bergin (1916), “Irish Grammatical Tracts (Introductory)”, in Ériu, volume 8, Supplement, Royal Irish Academy, DOI:, JSTOR 30007330, §67, page 17
- Lambert McKenna (1944) Bardic Syntactical Tracts, Dublin Institute for Advanced, page 113: “Before pl. art. i n- gives is na, ’sna; in such cases a h- gives as na. (…) Before sg. art. i n- is isin, san (often sa before consonants).”
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “i”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Serbo-Croatian
Preposition
sa (Cyrillic spelling са)
- Alternative form of s; used instead of s when the following word or group of words start with sibilants s, z, š or ž and before instrumental form of first-person pronoun ja (mnom).
Slovak
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *sę, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *sen, from Proto-Indo-European *swé.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /sa/
Pronoun
sa
- Replaces the accusative of any personal pronoun whenever the object, whether expressed or implied, is of the same person as the subject. Typically can be translated as the corresponding version of oneself:
- vidím sa v zrkadle ― I see myself in the mirror
- Koho vidíš v zrkadle? Seba. ― Whom do you see in the mirror? Myself.
- (reflexive) Bound with certain verbs, similar to the Italiansi. The pronoun is a part of the verb.
- modliť sa ― to pray
Usage notes
- In regular sentences, it has to be on the 2nd position of the sentence.
- Modlím sa. ― I am praying.
- In sentences in the past tense, sa moves to the third position while the inflected form of the verb byť takes the 2nd position.
- Modlil som sa. ― I was praying.
- In hypothetical sentences, sa moves to the fourth position of the sentences with the inflected form of byť occupying the 3rd position and the pronoun by taking the 2nd position.
- Modlil by som sa, keby... ― I would pray, if ...
See also
- seba
Further reading
- sa in Slovak dictionaries at slovnik.juls.savba.sk
South Slavey
Etymology
From Proto-Athabaskan [Term?]. Cognates include Navajo shá and Dogrib sa.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /sà/
Noun
sa
- sun
- month
Declension
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
1st person | sezaá | naxezaá |
2nd person | nezaá | |
3rd person1) | mezaá | gizaá |
3rd person2) | gozaá | |
4th person | yezaá | |
reflexive | ɂedezaá, dezaá | kedezaá |
reciprocal | — | ɂełezaá |
indefinite | ɂezaá | |
areal | gozaá | |
1) Used for a possessed object when the subject is third person human plural and object is singular. 2) Used when the previous condition doesn't apply. |
References
- Keren Rice (1989) A Grammar of Slave, Berlin, West Germany: Mouton de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 215
Southern Ndebele
Verb
-sa?
- to take
Inflection
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Sranan Tongo
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /sa/
Etymology 1
From English shall or borrowed from Dutch zal.
Particle
sa
- Verbal marker for modal aspect.
- Verbal marker for the future tense.
- Synonym: o
Etymology 2
From English saw.
Noun
sa
- A saw (tool with a serrated blade, used for sawing).
Sumerian
Romanization
sa
- Romanization of 𒊓 (sa)
Swazi
Verb
-sá
- to dawn
Inflection
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Swedish
Etymology
Apocopic form of sade
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈsɑː/
- Rhymes: -ɑː
Verb
sa
- (somewhat informal) past tense of säga.
Anagrams
- -as, as
Tagalog
Etymology 1
From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sa. Compare Bikol Central sa, Cebuano sa, Hiligaynon sa, Waray-Waray ha, Tausug ha, and Gorontalo ta.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /sa/, [sɐ]
Preposition
sa (Baybayin spelling ᜐ)
- indirect object marker: to
- Binigay ko na ang lahat sa kaibigan ko. ― I already gave everything to my friend.
- used to refer to the location of something or some action: in; at; on (not used in a positive equational sentence)
- Sa Pilipinas ako ipinanganak. ― I was born in the Philippines.
- Wala siya sa opisina. ― He's not at the office.
- used to refer towards a location: to; toward
- Pupunta siya sa sinehan mamaya. ― He's going to the movies later.
- used to refer to accompaniment: with; together with; in company with
- Sumama si Juan sa tatay niya. ― Juan went with his father.
- used to refer to a time period: at; on; in; during (of a year, month, day of the week, time of day, etc.)
- Sa Lunes kami uuwi. ― We're going home on Monday.
- used in comparisons: than
- Synonym: kaysa
- Mas mabilis ang eroplano sa kotse mo. ― The airplane is faster than your car.
- used to refer to a place of origin or where one comes from: from; of (usually with galing or tubo)
- Tubo siya sa Cebu. ― He is a native from Cebu.
- a prescribed point in time when something occurred: upon; on; at the time of
- Sa pagpasok niya sa bahay, tumunog ang telepono. ― Upon his entrance to the house, the telephone rang.
- used to refer to the cause: due to; from; of
- Namatay sila sa gutom. ― They died of hunger.
- used to refer to the basis: on the basis of; on
- Lumabas ang estudyante sa pahintulot ng guro. ― The student went out based on the permission from the teacher.
- used to refer to one's dependence on or use of: on; through the use of
- Nabuhay sila sa tubig at tinapay lamang. ― They lived only on water and bread.
- used in combination with other words to form more specific prepositional phrases
- sa pamamagitan ng ― by means of
- mula sa ― from
Usage notes
- This is not used with names of people or other living beings, where kay or kina is used instead.
- For positive equational sentences, to refer to a location of something, nasa, na kay, or na kina is used instead.
Derived terms
- ayon sa
- kaysa
- laban sa
- nasa
- para sa
- sa aba ko
- sa aba mo
- sa bagay
- sa kabila ng
- sa kabilang banda
- sa kabutihang palad
- sa kasamaang palad
- sa katunayan
- sa madaling sabi
- sa madaling salita
- sa may
- sa una
- sa wakas
See also
Direct (ang) | Indirect (ng) | Oblique (sa) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Common | Singular | ang | ng | sa |
Plural | ang mga | ng mga | sa mga | |
Personal | Singular | si | ni | kay |
Plural / Respectful | sina | nina | kina |
Etymology 2
See tsaa.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈsa/, [ˈsa]
Noun
sa (Baybayin spelling ᜐ)
- (obsolete) Alternative form of tsaa
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈsa/, [ˈsa]
Noun
sa (Baybayin spelling ᜐ)
- The name of the Latin-script letter S, in the abakada alphabet.
- Synonym: (in Filipino alphabet) es
See also
- sa-
Further reading
- “sa”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila: Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino, 2018
Tausug
Etymology
From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *salaq.
Noun
sā
- fault, mistake
Tunica
Noun
sa
- dog
Turkish
Phrase
sa
- (Internet) Initialism of selamünaleyküm.
Vietnamese
Pronunciation
- (Hà Nội) IPA(key): [saː˧˧]
- (Huế) IPA(key): [ʂaː˧˧]
- (Hồ Chí Minh City) IPA(key): [ʂaː˧˧] ~ [saː˧˧]
Etymology 1
Sino-Vietnamese word from 紗.
Noun
sa
- (medicine equipment) gauze
Alternative forms
- sà
Verb
sa
- to fall (especially from the sky); to drop down; to prolapse
Welsh
Verb
sa (not mutable)
- (South Wales) first-person singular present negative colloquial of bod
- Sa i’n gwybod.
- I don’t know.
- (colloquial) Contraction of basai.
Usage notes
Unlike other negative verb forms, the present negative form—and so, which is used for all other persons—is not complemented by ddim after the subject.
West Frisian
Conjunction
sa
- so
Further reading
- “sa (I)”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011
West Makian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /s̪a/
Verb
sa
- (stative) to be bad
- (stative) to be rotten
Conjugation
Conjugation of sa (stative verb) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | |||
inclusive | exclusive | |||
1st person | tisa | misa | asa | |
2nd person | nisa | fisa | ||
3rd person | inanimate | isa | disa | |
animate | masa | |||
imperative | —, sa | —, sa |
References
- Clemens Voorhoeve (1982) The Makian languages and their neighbours, Pacific linguistics
Western Cham
< 0 | 1 | 2 > |
---|---|---|
Cardinal : sa | ||
Etymology
From Proto-Chamic *sa, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əsa, from Proto-Austronesian *əsa.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /sa/
Numeral
sa
- one
Xaragure
Etymology
Compare Drehu xe (“smack”).
Verb
sa
- hit
References
- Claire Moyse-Faurie, Constructions expressing middle, reflexive and reciprocal situations in some Oceanic languages, in Reciprocals and Reflexives: Theoretical and Typological Explorations
Xhosa
Verb
-sa?
- to take
Inflection
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [sâː]
Ideophone
sâ
- Signifies scattering.
Yámana
Pronoun
sa
- you
Zhuang
Pronunciation
- (Standard Zhuang) IPA(key): /θa˨˦/
- Tone numbers: sa1
- Hyphenation: sa
Noun
sa (Sawndip form 砟, 1957–1982 spelling sa)
- sand
Adjective
sa (1957–1982 spelling sa)
- sandy
Zou
Etymology 1
From Proto-Kuki-Chin *saa.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /sà/
- Hyphenation: sa
Adjective
sa
- hot
Etymology 2
From Proto-Kuki-Chin *shaa, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *sja-n.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /sǎ/
- Hyphenation: sa
Noun
sá
- meat
- animal
Derived terms
- ahsa
- bongsa
- savun
- vasa
- voksa
Etymology 3
From Proto-Kuki-Chin *tshaʔ.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /sâ/
- Hyphenation: sa
Adjective
sà
- dense, thick
References
- Lukram Himmat Singh (2013) A Descriptive Grammar of Zou, Canchipur: Manipur University, page 62
Zulu
Etymology 1
From Proto-Bantu *-kéa.
Verb
-sá
- (intransitive) to dawn
Inflection
Tone H | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Infinitive | ukusa | ||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
Infinitive | ukusa | ukungasi | |||||||
Imperative | |||||||||
Simple | + object concord | ||||||||
Singular | yisa | -se | |||||||
Plural | yisani | -seni | |||||||
Present | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyasa, ngisa | engisayo, engisa | ngisa | angisi | engingasi | ngingasi | |||
2nd singular | uyasa, usa | osayo, osa | usa | awusi | ongasi | ungasi | |||
1st plural | siyasa, sisa | esisayo, esisa | sisa | asisi | esingasi | singasi | |||
2nd plural | niyasa, nisa | enisayo, enisa | nisa | anisi | eningasi | ningasi | |||
Class 1 | uyasa, usa | osayo, osa | esa | akasi | ongasi | engasi | |||
Class 2 | bayasa, basa | abasayo, abasa | besa | abasi | abangasi | bengasi | |||
Class 3 | uyasa, usa | osayo, osa | usa | awusi | ongasi | ungasi | |||
Class 4 | iyasa, isa | esayo, esa | isa | ayisi | engasi | ingasi | |||
Class 5 | liyasa, lisa | elisayo, elisa | lisa | alisi | elingasi | lingasi | |||
Class 6 | ayasa, asa | asayo, asa | esa | awasi | angasi | engasi | |||
Class 7 | siyasa, sisa | esisayo, esisa | sisa | asisi | esingasi | singasi | |||
Class 8 | ziyasa, zisa | ezisayo, ezisa | zisa | azisi | ezingasi | zingasi | |||
Class 9 | iyasa, isa | esayo, esa | isa | ayisi | engasi | ingasi | |||
Class 10 | ziyasa, zisa | ezisayo, ezisa | zisa | azisi | ezingasi | zingasi | |||
Class 11 | luyasa, lusa | olusayo, olusa | lusa | alusi | olungasi | lungasi | |||
Class 14 | buyasa, busa | obusayo, obusa | busa | abusi | obungasi | bungasi | |||
Class 15 | kuyasa, kusa | okusayo, okusa | kusa | akusi | okungasi | kungasi | |||
Class 17 | kuyasa, kusa | okusayo, okusa | kusa | akusi | okungasi | kungasi | |||
Recent past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngisile, ngisē | engisile, engisē | ngisile, ngisē | angisanga | engingasanga | ngingasanga | |||
2nd singular | usile, usē | osile, osē | usile, usē | awusanga | ongasanga | ungasanga | |||
1st plural | sisile, sisē | esisile, esisē | sisile, sisē | asisanga | esingasanga | singasanga | |||
2nd plural | nisile, nisē | enisile, enisē | nisile, nisē | anisanga | eningasanga | ningasanga | |||
Class 1 | usile, usē | osile, osē | esile, esē | akasanga | ongasanga | engasanga | |||
Class 2 | basile, basē | abasile, abasē | besile, besē | abasanga | abangasanga | bengasanga | |||
Class 3 | usile, usē | osile, osē | usile, usē | awusanga | ongasanga | ungasanga | |||
Class 4 | isile, isē | esile, esē | isile, isē | ayisanga | engasanga | ingasanga | |||
Class 5 | lisile, lisē | elisile, elisē | lisile, lisē | alisanga | elingasanga | lingasanga | |||
Class 6 | asile, asē | asile, asē | esile, esē | awasanga | angasanga | engasanga | |||
Class 7 | sisile, sisē | esisile, esisē | sisile, sisē | asisanga | esingasanga | singasanga | |||
Class 8 | zisile, zisē | ezisile, ezisē | zisile, zisē | azisanga | ezingasanga | zingasanga | |||
Class 9 | isile, isē | esile, esē | isile, isē | ayisanga | engasanga | ingasanga | |||
Class 10 | zisile, zisē | ezisile, ezisē | zisile, zisē | azisanga | ezingasanga | zingasanga | |||
Class 11 | lusile, lusē | olusile, olusē | lusile, lusē | alusanga | olungasanga | lungasanga | |||
Class 14 | busile, busē | obusile, obusē | busile, busē | abusanga | obungasanga | bungasanga | |||
Class 15 | kusile, kusē | okusile, okusē | kusile, kusē | akusanga | okungasanga | kungasanga | |||
Class 17 | kusile, kusē | okusile, okusē | kusile, kusē | akusanga | okungasanga | kungasanga | |||
Remote past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngāsa | engāsa | ngāsa | angisanga | engingasanga | ngingasanga | |||
2nd singular | wāsa | owāsa | wāsa | awusanga | ongasanga | ungasanga | |||
1st plural | sāsa | esāsa | sāsa | asisanga | esingasanga | singasanga | |||
2nd plural | nāsa | enāsa | nāsa | anisanga | eningasanga | ningasanga | |||
Class 1 | wāsa | owāsa | āsa | akasanga | ongasanga | engasanga | |||
Class 2 | bāsa | abāsa | bāsa | abasanga | abangasanga | bengasanga | |||
Class 3 | wāsa | owāsa | wāsa | awusanga | ongasanga | ungasanga | |||
Class 4 | yāsa | eyāsa | yāsa | ayisanga | engasanga | ingasanga | |||
Class 5 | lāsa | elāsa | lāsa | alisanga | elingasanga | lingasanga | |||
Class 6 | āsa | āsa | āsa | awasanga | angasanga | engasanga | |||
Class 7 | sāsa | esāsa | sāsa | asisanga | esingasanga | singasanga | |||
Class 8 | zāsa | ezāsa | zāsa | azisanga | ezingasanga | zingasanga | |||
Class 9 | yāsa | eyāsa | yāsa | ayisanga | engasanga | ingasanga | |||
Class 10 | zāsa | ezāsa | zāsa | azisanga | ezingasanga | zingasanga | |||
Class 11 | lwāsa | olwāsa | lwāsa | alusanga | olungasanga | lungasanga | |||
Class 14 | bāsa | obāsa | bāsa | abusanga | obungasanga | bungasanga | |||
Class 15 | kwāsa | okwāsa | kwāsa | akusanga | okungasanga | kungasanga | |||
Class 17 | kwāsa | okwāsa | kwāsa | akusanga | okungasanga | kungasanga | |||
Potential | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngingasa | — | ngingasa | ngingese | — | ngingese | |||
2nd singular | ungasa | — | ungasa | ungese | — | ungese | |||
1st plural | singasa | — | singasa | singese | — | singese | |||
2nd plural | ningasa | — | ningasa | ningese | — | ningese | |||
Class 1 | angasa | — | engasa | angese | — | engese | |||
Class 2 | bangasa | — | bengasa | bangese | — | bengese | |||
Class 3 | ungasa | — | ungasa | ungese | — | ungese | |||
Class 4 | ingasa | — | ingasa | ingese | — | ingese | |||
Class 5 | lingasa | — | lingasa | lingese | — | lingese | |||
Class 6 | angasa | — | engasa | angese | — | engese | |||
Class 7 | singasa | — | singasa | singese | — | singese | |||
Class 8 | zingasa | — | zingasa | zingese | — | zingese | |||
Class 9 | ingasa | — | ingasa | ingese | — | ingese | |||
Class 10 | zingasa | — | zingasa | zingese | — | zingese | |||
Class 11 | lungasa | — | lungasa | lungese | — | lungese | |||
Class 14 | bungasa | — | bungasa | bungese | — | bungese | |||
Class 15 | kungasa | — | kungasa | kungese | — | kungese | |||
Class 17 | kungasa | — | kungasa | kungese | — | kungese | |||
Immediate future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngizokusa | engizokusa | ngizokusa | angizukusa | engingezukusa | ngingezukusa | |||
2nd singular | uzokusa | ozokusa | uzokusa | awuzukusa | ongezukusa | ungezukusa | |||
1st plural | sizokusa | esizokusa | sizokusa | asizukusa | esingezukusa | singezukusa | |||
2nd plural | nizokusa | enizokusa | nizokusa | anizukusa | eningezukusa | ningezukusa | |||
Class 1 | uzokusa | ozokusa | ezokusa | akazukusa | ongezukusa | engezukusa | |||
Class 2 | bazokusa | abazokusa | bezokusa | abazukusa | abangezukusa | bengezukusa | |||
Class 3 | uzokusa | ozokusa | uzokusa | awuzukusa | ongezukusa | ungezukusa | |||
Class 4 | izokusa | ezokusa | izokusa | ayizukusa | engezukusa | ingezukusa | |||
Class 5 | lizokusa | elizokusa | lizokusa | alizukusa | elingezukusa | lingezukusa | |||
Class 6 | azokusa | azokusa | ezokusa | awazukusa | angezukusa | engezukusa | |||
Class 7 | sizokusa | esizokusa | sizokusa | asizukusa | esingezukusa | singezukusa | |||
Class 8 | zizokusa | ezizokusa | zizokusa | azizukusa | ezingezukusa | zingezukusa | |||
Class 9 | izokusa | ezokusa | izokusa | ayizukusa | engezukusa | ingezukusa | |||
Class 10 | zizokusa | ezizokusa | zizokusa | azizukusa | ezingezukusa | zingezukusa | |||
Class 11 | luzokusa | oluzokusa | luzokusa | aluzukusa | olungezukusa | lungezukusa | |||
Class 14 | buzokusa | obuzokusa | buzokusa | abuzukusa | obungezukusa | bungezukusa | |||
Class 15 | kuzokusa | okuzokusa | kuzokusa | akuzukusa | okungezukusa | kungezukusa | |||
Class 17 | kuzokusa | okuzokusa | kuzokusa | akuzukusa | okungezukusa | kungezukusa | |||
Remote future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyokusa | engiyokusa | ngiyokusa | angiyukusa | engingeyukusa | ngingeyukusa | |||
2nd singular | uyokusa | oyokusa | uyokusa | awuyukusa | ongeyukusa | ungeyukusa | |||
1st plural | siyokusa | esiyokusa | siyokusa | asiyukusa | esingeyukusa | singeyukusa | |||
2nd plural | niyokusa | eniyokusa | niyokusa | aniyukusa | eningeyukusa | ningeyukusa | |||
Class 1 | uyokusa | oyokusa | eyokusa | akayukusa | ongeyukusa | engeyukusa | |||
Class 2 | bayokusa | abayokusa | beyokusa | abayukusa | abangeyukusa | bengeyukusa | |||
Class 3 | uyokusa | oyokusa | uyokusa | awuyukusa | ongeyukusa | ungeyukusa | |||
Class 4 | iyokusa | eyokusa | iyokusa | ayiyukusa | engeyukusa | ingeyukusa | |||
Class 5 | liyokusa | eliyokusa | liyokusa | aliyukusa | elingeyukusa | lingeyukusa | |||
Class 6 | ayokusa | ayokusa | eyokusa | awayukusa | angeyukusa | engeyukusa | |||
Class 7 | siyokusa | esiyokusa | siyokusa | asiyukusa | esingeyukusa | singeyukusa | |||
Class 8 | ziyokusa | eziyokusa | ziyokusa | aziyukusa | ezingeyukusa | zingeyukusa | |||
Class 9 | iyokusa | eyokusa | iyokusa | ayiyukusa | engeyukusa | ingeyukusa | |||
Class 10 | ziyokusa | eziyokusa | ziyokusa | aziyukusa | ezingeyukusa | zingeyukusa | |||
Class 11 | luyokusa | oluyokusa | luyokusa | aluyukusa | olungeyukusa | lungeyukusa | |||
Class 14 | buyokusa | obuyokusa | buyokusa | abuyukusa | obungeyukusa | bungeyukusa | |||
Class 15 | kuyokusa | okuyokusa | kuyokusa | akuyukusa | okungeyukusa | kungeyukusa | |||
Class 17 | kuyokusa | okuyokusa | kuyokusa | akuyukusa | okungeyukusa | kungeyukusa | |||
Present subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngise | ngingasi | |||||||
2nd singular | use | ungasi | |||||||
1st plural | sise | singasi | |||||||
2nd plural | nise | ningasi | |||||||
Class 1 | ase | angasi | |||||||
Class 2 | base | bangasi | |||||||
Class 3 | use | ungasi | |||||||
Class 4 | ise | ingasi | |||||||
Class 5 | lise | lingasi | |||||||
Class 6 | ase | angasi | |||||||
Class 7 | sise | singasi | |||||||
Class 8 | zise | zingasi | |||||||
Class 9 | ise | ingasi | |||||||
Class 10 | zise | zingasi | |||||||
Class 11 | luse | lungasi | |||||||
Class 14 | buse | bungasi | |||||||
Class 15 | kuse | kungasi | |||||||
Class 17 | kuse | kungasi | |||||||
Past subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngasa | ngangasa, angasa, angangasa | |||||||
2nd singular | wasa | wangasa, awasa, awangasa | |||||||
1st plural | sasa | sangasa, asasa, asangasa | |||||||
2nd plural | nasa | nangasa, anasa, anangasa | |||||||
Class 1 | wasa | wangasa, akasa, akangasa | |||||||
Class 2 | basa | bangasa, abasa, abangasa | |||||||
Class 3 | wasa | wangasa, awasa, awangasa | |||||||
Class 4 | yasa | yangasa, ayasa, ayangasa | |||||||
Class 5 | lasa | langasa, alasa, alangasa | |||||||
Class 6 | asa | angasa, awasa, awangasa | |||||||
Class 7 | sasa | sangasa, asasa, asangasa | |||||||
Class 8 | zasa | zangasa, azasa, azangasa | |||||||
Class 9 | yasa | yangasa, ayasa, ayangasa | |||||||
Class 10 | zasa | zangasa, azasa, azangasa | |||||||
Class 11 | lwasa | lwangasa, alwasa, alwangasa | |||||||
Class 14 | basa | bangasa, abasa, abangasa | |||||||
Class 15 | kwasa | kwangasa, akwasa, akwangasa | |||||||
Class 17 | kwasa | kwangasa, akwasa, akwangasa |
Etymology 2
Clipping of -yisa.
Verb
-sa
- (transitive) to take to
- (transitive) to convey, to send, to transfer
Inflection
Tone L | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Infinitive | ukusa | ||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
Infinitive | ukusa | ukungasi | |||||||
Imperative | |||||||||
Simple | + object concord | ||||||||
Singular | yisa | -se | |||||||
Plural | yisani | -seni | |||||||
Present | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyasa, ngisa | engisayo, engisa | ngisa | angisi | engingasi | ngingasi | |||
2nd singular | uyasa, usa | osayo, osa | usa | awusi | ongasi | ungasi | |||
1st plural | siyasa, sisa | esisayo, esisa | sisa | asisi | esingasi | singasi | |||
2nd plural | niyasa, nisa | enisayo, enisa | nisa | anisi | eningasi | ningasi | |||
Class 1 | uyasa, usa | osayo, osa | esa | akasi | ongasi | engasi | |||
Class 2 | bayasa, basa | abasayo, abasa | besa | abasi | abangasi | bengasi | |||
Class 3 | uyasa, usa | osayo, osa | usa | awusi | ongasi | ungasi | |||
Class 4 | iyasa, isa | esayo, esa | isa | ayisi | engasi | ingasi | |||
Class 5 | liyasa, lisa | elisayo, elisa | lisa | alisi | elingasi | lingasi | |||
Class 6 | ayasa, asa | asayo, asa | esa | awasi | angasi | engasi | |||
Class 7 | siyasa, sisa | esisayo, esisa | sisa | asisi | esingasi | singasi | |||
Class 8 | ziyasa, zisa | ezisayo, ezisa | zisa | azisi | ezingasi | zingasi | |||
Class 9 | iyasa, isa | esayo, esa | isa | ayisi | engasi | ingasi | |||
Class 10 | ziyasa, zisa | ezisayo, ezisa | zisa | azisi | ezingasi | zingasi | |||
Class 11 | luyasa, lusa | olusayo, olusa | lusa | alusi | olungasi | lungasi | |||
Class 14 | buyasa, busa | obusayo, obusa | busa | abusi | obungasi | bungasi | |||
Class 15 | kuyasa, kusa | okusayo, okusa | kusa | akusi | okungasi | kungasi | |||
Class 17 | kuyasa, kusa | okusayo, okusa | kusa | akusi | okungasi | kungasi | |||
Recent past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngisile, ngisē | engisile, engisē | ngisile, ngisē | angisanga | engingasanga | ngingasanga | |||
2nd singular | usile, usē | osile, osē | usile, usē | awusanga | ongasanga | ungasanga | |||
1st plural | sisile, sisē | esisile, esisē | sisile, sisē | asisanga | esingasanga | singasanga | |||
2nd plural | nisile, nisē | enisile, enisē | nisile, nisē | anisanga | eningasanga | ningasanga | |||
Class 1 | usile, usē | osile, osē | esile, esē | akasanga | ongasanga | engasanga | |||
Class 2 | basile, basē | abasile, abasē | besile, besē | abasanga | abangasanga | bengasanga | |||
Class 3 | usile, usē | osile, osē | usile, usē | awusanga | ongasanga | ungasanga | |||
Class 4 | isile, isē | esile, esē | isile, isē | ayisanga | engasanga | ingasanga | |||
Class 5 | lisile, lisē | elisile, elisē | lisile, lisē | alisanga | elingasanga | lingasanga | |||
Class 6 | asile, asē | asile, asē | esile, esē | awasanga | angasanga | engasanga | |||
Class 7 | sisile, sisē | esisile, esisē | sisile, sisē | asisanga | esingasanga | singasanga | |||
Class 8 | zisile, zisē | ezisile, ezisē | zisile, zisē | azisanga | ezingasanga | zingasanga | |||
Class 9 | isile, isē | esile, esē | isile, isē | ayisanga | engasanga | ingasanga | |||
Class 10 | zisile, zisē | ezisile, ezisē | zisile, zisē | azisanga | ezingasanga | zingasanga | |||
Class 11 | lusile, lusē | olusile, olusē | lusile, lusē | alusanga | olungasanga | lungasanga | |||
Class 14 | busile, busē | obusile, obusē | busile, busē | abusanga | obungasanga | bungasanga | |||
Class 15 | kusile, kusē | okusile, okusē | kusile, kusē | akusanga | okungasanga | kungasanga | |||
Class 17 | kusile, kusē | okusile, okusē | kusile, kusē | akusanga | okungasanga | kungasanga | |||
Remote past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngāsa | engāsa | ngāsa | angisanga | engingasanga | ngingasanga | |||
2nd singular | wāsa | owāsa | wāsa | awusanga | ongasanga | ungasanga | |||
1st plural | sāsa | esāsa | sāsa | asisanga | esingasanga | singasanga | |||
2nd plural | nāsa | enāsa | nāsa | anisanga | eningasanga | ningasanga | |||
Class 1 | wāsa | owāsa | āsa | akasanga | ongasanga | engasanga | |||
Class 2 | bāsa | abāsa | bāsa | abasanga | abangasanga | bengasanga | |||
Class 3 | wāsa | owāsa | wāsa | awusanga | ongasanga | ungasanga | |||
Class 4 | yāsa | eyāsa | yāsa | ayisanga | engasanga | ingasanga | |||
Class 5 | lāsa | elāsa | lāsa | alisanga | elingasanga | lingasanga | |||
Class 6 | āsa | āsa | āsa | awasanga | angasanga | engasanga | |||
Class 7 | sāsa | esāsa | sāsa | asisanga | esingasanga | singasanga | |||
Class 8 | zāsa | ezāsa | zāsa | azisanga | ezingasanga | zingasanga | |||
Class 9 | yāsa | eyāsa | yāsa | ayisanga | engasanga | ingasanga | |||
Class 10 | zāsa | ezāsa | zāsa | azisanga | ezingasanga | zingasanga | |||
Class 11 | lwāsa | olwāsa | lwāsa | alusanga | olungasanga | lungasanga | |||
Class 14 | bāsa | obāsa | bāsa | abusanga | obungasanga | bungasanga | |||
Class 15 | kwāsa | okwāsa | kwāsa | akusanga | okungasanga | kungasanga | |||
Class 17 | kwāsa | okwāsa | kwāsa | akusanga | okungasanga | kungasanga | |||
Potential | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngingasa | — | ngingasa | ngingese | — | ngingese | |||
2nd singular | ungasa | — | ungasa | ungese | — | ungese | |||
1st plural | singasa | — | singasa | singese | — | singese | |||
2nd plural | ningasa | — | ningasa | ningese | — | ningese | |||
Class 1 | angasa | — | engasa | angese | — | engese | |||
Class 2 | bangasa | — | bengasa | bangese | — | bengese | |||
Class 3 | ungasa | — | ungasa | ungese | — | ungese | |||
Class 4 | ingasa | — | ingasa | ingese | — | ingese | |||
Class 5 | lingasa | — | lingasa | lingese | — | lingese | |||
Class 6 | angasa | — | engasa | angese | — | engese | |||
Class 7 | singasa | — | singasa | singese | — | singese | |||
Class 8 | zingasa | — | zingasa | zingese | — | zingese | |||
Class 9 | ingasa | — | ingasa | ingese | — | ingese | |||
Class 10 | zingasa | — | zingasa | zingese | — | zingese | |||
Class 11 | lungasa | — | lungasa | lungese | — | lungese | |||
Class 14 | bungasa | — | bungasa | bungese | — | bungese | |||
Class 15 | kungasa | — | kungasa | kungese | — | kungese | |||
Class 17 | kungasa | — | kungasa | kungese | — | kungese | |||
Immediate future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngizokusa | engizokusa | ngizokusa | angizukusa | engingezukusa | ngingezukusa | |||
2nd singular | uzokusa | ozokusa | uzokusa | awuzukusa | ongezukusa | ungezukusa | |||
1st plural | sizokusa | esizokusa | sizokusa | asizukusa | esingezukusa | singezukusa | |||
2nd plural | nizokusa | enizokusa | nizokusa | anizukusa | eningezukusa | ningezukusa | |||
Class 1 | uzokusa | ozokusa | ezokusa | akazukusa | ongezukusa | engezukusa | |||
Class 2 | bazokusa | abazokusa | bezokusa | abazukusa | abangezukusa | bengezukusa | |||
Class 3 | uzokusa | ozokusa | uzokusa | awuzukusa | ongezukusa | ungezukusa | |||
Class 4 | izokusa | ezokusa | izokusa | ayizukusa | engezukusa | ingezukusa | |||
Class 5 | lizokusa | elizokusa | lizokusa | alizukusa | elingezukusa | lingezukusa | |||
Class 6 | azokusa | azokusa | ezokusa | awazukusa | angezukusa | engezukusa | |||
Class 7 | sizokusa | esizokusa | sizokusa | asizukusa | esingezukusa | singezukusa | |||
Class 8 | zizokusa | ezizokusa | zizokusa | azizukusa | ezingezukusa | zingezukusa | |||
Class 9 | izokusa | ezokusa | izokusa | ayizukusa | engezukusa | ingezukusa | |||
Class 10 | zizokusa | ezizokusa | zizokusa | azizukusa | ezingezukusa | zingezukusa | |||
Class 11 | luzokusa | oluzokusa | luzokusa | aluzukusa | olungezukusa | lungezukusa | |||
Class 14 | buzokusa | obuzokusa | buzokusa | abuzukusa | obungezukusa | bungezukusa | |||
Class 15 | kuzokusa | okuzokusa | kuzokusa | akuzukusa | okungezukusa | kungezukusa | |||
Class 17 | kuzokusa | okuzokusa | kuzokusa | akuzukusa | okungezukusa | kungezukusa | |||
Remote future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyokusa | engiyokusa | ngiyokusa | angiyukusa | engingeyukusa | ngingeyukusa | |||
2nd singular | uyokusa | oyokusa | uyokusa | awuyukusa | ongeyukusa | ungeyukusa | |||
1st plural | siyokusa | esiyokusa | siyokusa | asiyukusa | esingeyukusa | singeyukusa | |||
2nd plural | niyokusa | eniyokusa | niyokusa | aniyukusa | eningeyukusa | ningeyukusa | |||
Class 1 | uyokusa | oyokusa | eyokusa | akayukusa | ongeyukusa | engeyukusa | |||
Class 2 | bayokusa | abayokusa | beyokusa | abayukusa | abangeyukusa | bengeyukusa | |||
Class 3 | uyokusa | oyokusa | uyokusa | awuyukusa | ongeyukusa | ungeyukusa | |||
Class 4 | iyokusa | eyokusa | iyokusa | ayiyukusa | engeyukusa | ingeyukusa | |||
Class 5 | liyokusa | eliyokusa | liyokusa | aliyukusa | elingeyukusa | lingeyukusa | |||
Class 6 | ayokusa | ayokusa | eyokusa | awayukusa | angeyukusa | engeyukusa | |||
Class 7 | siyokusa | esiyokusa | siyokusa | asiyukusa | esingeyukusa | singeyukusa | |||
Class 8 | ziyokusa | eziyokusa | ziyokusa | aziyukusa | ezingeyukusa | zingeyukusa | |||
Class 9 | iyokusa | eyokusa | iyokusa | ayiyukusa | engeyukusa | ingeyukusa | |||
Class 10 | ziyokusa | eziyokusa | ziyokusa | aziyukusa | ezingeyukusa | zingeyukusa | |||
Class 11 | luyokusa | oluyokusa | luyokusa | aluyukusa | olungeyukusa | lungeyukusa | |||
Class 14 | buyokusa | obuyokusa | buyokusa | abuyukusa | obungeyukusa | bungeyukusa | |||
Class 15 | kuyokusa | okuyokusa | kuyokusa | akuyukusa | okungeyukusa | kungeyukusa | |||
Class 17 | kuyokusa | okuyokusa | kuyokusa | akuyukusa | okungeyukusa | kungeyukusa | |||
Present subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngise | ngingasi | |||||||
2nd singular | use | ungasi | |||||||
1st plural | sise | singasi | |||||||
2nd plural | nise | ningasi | |||||||
Class 1 | ase | angasi | |||||||
Class 2 | base | bangasi | |||||||
Class 3 | use | ungasi | |||||||
Class 4 | ise | ingasi | |||||||
Class 5 | lise | lingasi | |||||||
Class 6 | ase | angasi | |||||||
Class 7 | sise | singasi | |||||||
Class 8 | zise | zingasi | |||||||
Class 9 | ise | ingasi | |||||||
Class 10 | zise | zingasi | |||||||
Class 11 | luse | lungasi | |||||||
Class 14 | buse | bungasi | |||||||
Class 15 | kuse | kungasi | |||||||
Class 17 | kuse | kungasi | |||||||
Past subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngasa | ngangasa, angasa, angangasa | |||||||
2nd singular | wasa | wangasa, awasa, awangasa | |||||||
1st plural | sasa | sangasa, asasa, asangasa | |||||||
2nd plural | nasa | nangasa, anasa, anangasa | |||||||
Class 1 | wasa | wangasa, akasa, akangasa | |||||||
Class 2 | basa | bangasa, abasa, abangasa | |||||||
Class 3 | wasa | wangasa, awasa, awangasa | |||||||
Class 4 | yasa | yangasa, ayasa, ayangasa | |||||||
Class 5 | lasa | langasa, alasa, alangasa | |||||||
Class 6 | asa | angasa, awasa, awangasa | |||||||
Class 7 | sasa | sangasa, asasa, asangasa | |||||||
Class 8 | zasa | zangasa, azasa, azangasa | |||||||
Class 9 | yasa | yangasa, ayasa, ayangasa | |||||||
Class 10 | zasa | zangasa, azasa, azangasa | |||||||
Class 11 | lwasa | lwangasa, alwasa, alwangasa | |||||||
Class 14 | basa | bangasa, abasa, abangasa | |||||||
Class 15 | kwasa | kwangasa, akwasa, akwangasa | |||||||
Class 17 | kwasa | kwangasa, akwasa, akwangasa |
References
- C. M. Doke; B. W. Vilakazi (1972), “sa”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “sa”
- C. M. Doke; B. W. Vilakazi (1972), “sa”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “sa”