rétrograder
French
Etymology
Borrowed from Late Latin retrōgradō.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʁe.tʁɔ.ɡʁa.de/
Audio (file)
Verb
rétrograder
- to turn back, go back
- to retrogress
- (motoring) to downshift
- (military) to demote
Conjugation
Conjugation of rétrograder (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | rétrograder | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | rétrogradant /ʁe.tʁɔ.ɡʁa.dɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | rétrogradé /ʁe.tʁɔ.ɡʁa.de/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | rétrograde /ʁe.tʁɔ.ɡʁad/ | rétrogrades /ʁe.tʁɔ.ɡʁad/ | rétrograde /ʁe.tʁɔ.ɡʁad/ | rétrogradons /ʁe.tʁɔ.ɡʁa.dɔ̃/ | rétrogradez /ʁe.tʁɔ.ɡʁa.de/ | rétrogradent /ʁe.tʁɔ.ɡʁad/ |
| imperfect | rétrogradais /ʁe.tʁɔ.ɡʁa.dɛ/ | rétrogradais /ʁe.tʁɔ.ɡʁa.dɛ/ | rétrogradait /ʁe.tʁɔ.ɡʁa.dɛ/ | rétrogradions /ʁe.tʁɔ.ɡʁa.djɔ̃/ | rétrogradiez /ʁe.tʁɔ.ɡʁa.dje/ | rétrogradaient /ʁe.tʁɔ.ɡʁa.dɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | rétrogradai /ʁe.tʁɔ.ɡʁa.de/ | rétrogradas /ʁe.tʁɔ.ɡʁa.da/ | rétrograda /ʁe.tʁɔ.ɡʁa.da/ | rétrogradâmes /ʁe.tʁɔ.ɡʁa.dam/ | rétrogradâtes /ʁe.tʁɔ.ɡʁa.dat/ | rétrogradèrent /ʁe.tʁɔ.ɡʁa.dɛʁ/ | |
| future | rétrograderai /ʁe.tʁɔ.ɡʁa.dʁe/ | rétrograderas /ʁe.tʁɔ.ɡʁa.dʁa/ | rétrogradera /ʁe.tʁɔ.ɡʁa.dʁa/ | rétrograderons /ʁe.tʁɔ.ɡʁa.dʁɔ̃/ | rétrograderez /ʁe.tʁɔ.ɡʁa.dʁe/ | rétrograderont /ʁe.tʁɔ.ɡʁa.dʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | rétrograderais /ʁe.tʁɔ.ɡʁa.dʁɛ/ | rétrograderais /ʁe.tʁɔ.ɡʁa.dʁɛ/ | rétrograderait /ʁe.tʁɔ.ɡʁa.dʁɛ/ | rétrograderions /ʁe.tʁɔ.ɡʁa.də.ʁjɔ̃/ | rétrograderiez /ʁe.tʁɔ.ɡʁa.də.ʁje/ | rétrograderaient /ʁe.tʁɔ.ɡʁa.dʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) | present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | rétrograde /ʁe.tʁɔ.ɡʁad/ | rétrogrades /ʁe.tʁɔ.ɡʁad/ | rétrograde /ʁe.tʁɔ.ɡʁad/ | rétrogradions /ʁe.tʁɔ.ɡʁa.djɔ̃/ | rétrogradiez /ʁe.tʁɔ.ɡʁa.dje/ | rétrogradent /ʁe.tʁɔ.ɡʁad/ |
| imperfect2 | rétrogradasse /ʁe.tʁɔ.ɡʁa.das/ | rétrogradasses /ʁe.tʁɔ.ɡʁa.das/ | rétrogradât /ʁe.tʁɔ.ɡʁa.da/ | rétrogradassions /ʁe.tʁɔ.ɡʁa.da.sjɔ̃/ | rétrogradassiez /ʁe.tʁɔ.ɡʁa.da.sje/ | rétrogradassent /ʁe.tʁɔ.ɡʁa.das/ | |
| (compound tenses) | past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | rétrograde /ʁe.tʁɔ.ɡʁad/ | — | rétrogradons /ʁe.tʁɔ.ɡʁa.dɔ̃/ | rétrogradez /ʁe.tʁɔ.ɡʁa.de/ | — | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Related terms
- rétrograde
Further reading
- “rétrograder”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.