rust
See also: rüst, růst, Rust, and rúst
English
Rust
Rust on a can
Pronunciation
- enPR: rŭst, IPA(key): /ɹʌst/
Audio (US) (file) - Rhymes: -ʌst
Etymology 1
From Middle English rust, rost, roust, from Old English rust, rūst (“rust”), from Proto-West Germanic *rust, from Proto-Germanic *rustaz (“rust”), from Proto-Indo-European *rudʰso- (“red”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ- (“red”).
Cognate with Scots roust (“rust”), Saterland Frisian rust (“rust”), West Frisian roast (“rust”), Dutch roest (“rust”), German Rost (“rust”), Danish rust (“rust”), Swedish rost (“rust”), Norwegian rust, ryst (“rust”). Related to red.
Noun
rust (countable and uncountable, plural rusts)
- The deteriorated state of iron or steel as a result of moisture and oxidation.
- The rust on my bicycle chain made cycling to work very dangerous.
- A similar substance based on another metal (usually with qualification, such as "copper rust").
- aerugo. Green or blue-green copper rust; verdigris. (American Heritage Dictionary, 1973)
- A reddish-brown color.
- rust:
- A disease of plants caused by a reddish-brown fungus.
- (philately) Damage caused to stamps and album pages by a fungal infection.
Derived terms
- cedar-apple rust
- coffee rust
- mayapple rust
- Rust Belt
- rustbucket, bucket of rust
- rust fungus
- rust mite
- rustproof
- rusty
- stem rust
- wheat rust
- white pine blister rust
- white rust
Translations
result of oxidation
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colour
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plant disease
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Etymology 2
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A rusting leaf.
A black cat that has rusted.
From Middle English rusten, from the noun (see above).
Verb
rust (third-person singular simple present rusts, present participle rusting, simple past and past participle rusted)
- (intransitive) To oxidize, especially of iron or steel.
- The patio furniture had rusted in the wind-driven spray.
- 1946, International Council of Religious Education, The New Covenant, Commonly Called the New Testament of Our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ: Revised Standard Version, James 5:3, page 490
- Your gold and silver have rusted, and their rust will be evidence against you and will eat your flesh like fire.
- (transitive) To cause to oxidize.
- The wind-driven spray had thoroughly rusted the patio furniture.
- (intransitive) To be affected with the parasitic fungus called rust.
- 1902 January 3, “Mapstone Oats: Further Experiences”, in The Agricultural Journal and Mining Record, volume 4, number 22, page 688:
- I am sorry to say that, contrary to the majority, I have to report that the forage rusted rather badly.
-
- (transitive, intransitive, figuratively) To (cause to) degenerate in idleness; to make or become dull or impaired by inaction.
- 1692, John Dryden, Cleomenes, the Spartan Hero, a Tragedy
- Must I rust in Egypt? never more / Appear in arms, and be the chief of Greece?
- 1692, John Dryden, Cleomenes, the Spartan Hero, a Tragedy
- (intransitive) Of a black cat or its fur, to turn rust-coloured following long periods of exposure to sunlight.
- It's very common for black cats to rust during the summer.
Synonyms
- oxidise / oxidize
- corrode
Translations
to oxidise
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to cause to oxidise
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See also
- aeciospore
- ferric oxide
- ferruginous
- rouille
- rubiginous
- verdigris
- Appendix:Colors
References
- rust at OneLook Dictionary Search
Anagrams
- RTUs, UTRs, ruts, stur, turs
Danish
Etymology
From Old Swedish rost (“rust”), from Old Norse *rustr, possibly borrowed from Old Saxon rost, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *rustaz.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /rost/, [ʁɔsd̥]
Noun
rust c (singular definite rusten, not used in plural form)
- rust
- corrosion
Verb
rust
- imperative of ruste
Dutch
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /rʏst/
Audio (file) - Hyphenation: rust
- Rhymes: -ʏst
Etymology 1
From Middle Dutch ruste, from Old Dutch *rusta, from Proto-Germanic *rustijō. Cognate with German Low German Rüst (“rest”), German Rüste (“end, sunset”).
Noun
rust f (plural rusten)
- rest, calm, peace
- Waarom laat je me niet met rust?
- Why don't you leave me alone?
- (literally, “Why don't you leave me at rest?”)
- (sports) half-time
Derived terms
- rusteloos
- rustig
Descendants
- Negerhollands: rust, res
Etymology 2
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Verb
rust
- first-, second- and third-person singular present indicative of rusten
- imperative of rusten
Middle English
Etymology 1
From Old English rust, rūst, from Proto-West Germanic *rust, *rost, from Proto-Germanic *rustaz.
Alternative forms
- rost, roste, roust, rouste, ruste
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /rust/
- (rare) IPA(key): /ruːst/
Noun
rust (uncountable)
- rust (oxidisation of iron or steel)
- (figurative) Moral degeneration.
- (horticulture) A fungal disease of plants.
Related terms
- rusten
- rusty
Descendants
- English: rust
- Scots: roost, roust
References
- “rū̆st, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
Verb
rust
- Alternative form of rusten
Norwegian Bokmål
Noun
rust m or f (definite singular rusta or rusten) (uncountable)
- rust (oxidation of iron and steel)
- rust (disease affecting plants)
Derived terms
- rustrød
Verb
rust
- imperative of ruste
Norwegian Nynorsk
Etymology 1
From Proto-Germanic *rustaz.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /rʉst/
Noun
rust f (definite singular rusta) (uncountable)
- rust (oxidation, as above)
- rust (plant disease)
Verb
rust
- imperative of rusta
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /rʉːst/
Verb
rust
- past participle of rusa
References
- “rust” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.