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单词 rush
释义

rush

See also: Rush and RUSH

English

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ɹʌʃ/
  • Audio (US)(file)
  • Homophone: Rush
  • Rhymes: -ʌʃ

Etymology 1

From Middle English risshe, rusch, risch, from Old English rysċ, rysċe, risċ, risċe, from a merger of Proto-West Germanic *riskijā, from Proto-Indo-European *(H)resg- (“to weave”) and Proto-West Germanic *ruskijā, borrowed from Latin rūscum (“butcher's broom”), of unknown origin + *-jā (animal and plant suffix). Cognates include West Frisian risk, Dutch rus (“bulrush”), Norwegian Bokmål rusk, dialectal Norwegian ryskje (“hair-grass”). Further cognates include Russian розга (rozga).[1]

Noun

rush (plural rushes)

  1. Any of several stiff plants of the genus Juncus, or the family Juncaceae, having hollow or pithy stems and small flowers, and often growing in marshes or near water.
  2. The stem of such plants used in making baskets, mats, the seats of chairs, etc.
  3. The merest trifle; a straw.
    • 1712, John Arbuthnot, The History of John Bull:
  4. A wick.
Synonyms
  • (plant of the genus Juncus): juncus
Translations
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

Etymology 2

Perhaps from Middle English ruschen, russchen (“to rush, startle, make a loud rushing noise”), from Old English hrysċan (“to jolt, startle”), from Proto-West Germanic *hurskijan, from Proto-Germanic *hurskijaną (“to startle, drive”), from *hurskaz (“fast, rapid, quick”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱers- (“to run, hurry”).

Cognate with Old High German hursken (“to hurry, speed, incite, accelerate”), Old English horsc (“quick, quick-witted, clever”).

etymology note

An alternative etymology traces rush via Middle English rouschen (“to rush”) from Old English *rūscian (“to rush”) from Proto-Germanic *rūskōną (“to rush, storm, be fierce, be cruel”), a variant (with formative k) of Proto-Germanic *rūsōną (“to be cruel, storm, rush”) from Proto-Indo-European *(o)rewə- (“to drive, move, agitate”), making it akin to Old High German rosc, rosci (“quick”), Middle Low German rūschen (“to rush”), Middle High German rūschen, riuschen (“to rush”) (German rauschen (“to rush”)), North Frisian ruse (“to rush”), Middle Dutch ruuscen (“to make haste”), Middle Dutch rūsen (“to rush”) (Dutch ruisen (“to rush”)), Danish ruse (“to rush”), Swedish rusa (“to rush”). Compare Middle High German rūsch (“a charge, rush”). Influenced by Middle English russhen (“to force back”) from Anglo-Norman russher, russer from Old French ruser, rëuser.

Alternatively, according to the OED, perhaps an adaptation of Anglo-Norman russher, russer (“to force back, down, out of place, by violent impact", "to pull out or drag off violently or hastily”), from Old French re(h)usser, ruser (although the connection of the forms with single -s- and double -ss- is dubious; also adopted in English ruse; French ruser (“to retreat, drive back”)), from an assumed Vulgar Latin *refusō and Latin refundō (“I cause to flow back”), although connection to the same Germanic root is also possible. More at rouse.

Noun

rush (plural rushes)

  1. A sudden forward motion.
    • 1642, Henry Wotton, A Short View of the Life and Death of George Villiers
      A gentleman of his train spurred up his horse, and, with a violent rush, severed him from the duke.
    • 1963, Margery Allingham, “Meeting Point”, in The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, OCLC 483591931, page 228:
      When Timothy and Julia hurried up the staircase to the bedroom floor, where a considerable commotion was taking place, Tim took Barry Leach with him.  […] . The captive made no resistance and came not only quietly but in a series of eager little rushes like a timid dog on a choke chain.
  2. A surge.
    A rush of business can be difficult to handle effectively for its unexpected volume.
  3. General haste.
    Many errors were made in the rush to finish.
  4. A rapid, noisy flow.
    a rush of water;  a rush of footsteps
  5. (military) A sudden attack; an onslaught.
  6. (video games) The strategy of attacking an opponent with a large swarm of weak units, rather than spending time developing their abilities.
    Synonym: zerg
  7. (contact sports) The act of running at another player to block or disrupt play.
    a rush on the quarterback
  8. (American football, dated) A rusher; a lineman.
    the center rush, whose place is in the center of the rush line
  9. A sudden, brief exhilaration, for instance the pleasurable sensation produced by a stimulant.
    The rollercoaster gave me a rush.
  10. (university slang) A regulated period of recruitment in fraternities and sororities.
    rush week
    • 2021 August 17, Allie Jones, “#BamaRush, Explained”, in The New York Times‎, ISSN 0362-4331:
      The trend burst through last week during sorority rush at the University of Alabama in Tuscaloosa, but it continues today in the form of parody videos, deep dives on the status of various recruits and rush videos from women at other colleges across the country who are just starting the process themselves.
  11. (university slang) A person attempting to join a fraternity or sorority as part of a rush.
    • 2011 September 15, Abe Gutierrez, “To Rush Or Not To Rush: A Crash Course From A Brother Who Likes It”, in NYU Local‎:
      At the end of rush, the fraternities vote on who they want to extend invitations to join, and the rushes can then make their selection from the bids they get. Some rushes get bids from multiple fraternities, while others do not get bids from any.
    • 2017 February 8, Youngweon Lee, “The Fraternity Rush Process As Told By Someone Who Knows Nothing About The Fraternity Rush Process”, in Bwog‎:
      After a few rounds of these competitions, the rushes that survive to the end get a "bid." Again, kind of like an auction. They don’t come in nice envelopes like sororities, though. Usually what happens is that they put the rushes in a room individually and tell them they didn’t get the bid, to see how sad they get. If they get really sad, the fraternity brothers come to the room and congratulate them on being accepted to the fraternity. Then, the rushes become pledges.
  12. (US, dated, university slang) A perfect recitation.
  13. (croquet) A roquet in which the object ball is sent to a particular location on the lawn.
Derived terms
  • adrenaline rush
  • bum's rush
  • rush goalie
  • rush hour
  • rush job
  • Rush River
  • sugar rush
Translations
surge — See also translations at surge
military: sudden attack — See also translations at onslaught
video games: act of running at another player with large swarm of weak units — See also translations at zerg
American football: rusher — see lineman

Verb

rush (third-person singular simple present rushes, present participle rushing, simple past and past participle rushed)

  1. (transitive or intransitive) To hurry; to perform a task with great haste.
    rush one's dinner;   rush off an email response
    • c. 1683, Robert West, The further Exmaination of Robert West of the Middle-Temple, Barrister at Law
      A party of men […] shoud be ready to rush out; and upon the noise of the first shot immediately run down to the Gate and break in.
    • 2013 August 16, John Vidal, “Dams endanger ecology of Himalayas”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 10, page 8:
      Most of the Himalayan rivers have been relatively untouched by dams near their sources. Now the two great Asian powers, India and China, are rushing to harness them as they cut through some of the world's deepest valleys.
  2. (intransitive) To flow or move forward rapidly or noisily.
    armies rush to battle;   waters rush down a precipice.
    • 1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book II, Canto IX”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, OCLC 960102938, stanza 14, page 311:
      For with ſuch puiſſance and impetuous maine / Thoſe Champions broke on them, that forſt the fly, / Like ſcattered Sheepe, whenas the Shepherds ſwaine / A Lyon and a Tigre doth eſpye, / With greedy pace forth ruſhing from the foreſt nye.
    • c. 1597, William Shakespeare, “The Merry VViues of VVindsor”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act IV, scene iv], page 56, column 1:
      [V]pon a ſodaine, / As Falſtaffe, ſhe, and I, are newly met, / Let them [children dressed like "urchins, ouphes and fairies"] from forth a ſaw-pit ruſh at once / With ſome diffuſed ſong: Vpon their ſight / We two, in great amazedneſſe will flye: […]
    • c. 1602, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Troylus and Cressida”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act III, scene iii], column 1:
      Like to an entred Tyde, they all ruſh by, […]
    • 1892, James Yoxall, chapter 5, in The Lonely Pyramid:
      The desert storm was riding in its strength; the travellers lay beneath the mastery of the fell simoom. Whirling wreaths and columns of burning wind, rushed around and over them.
  3. (intransitive, soccer) To dribble rapidly.
  4. (transitive or intransitive, contact sports) To run directly at another player in order to block or disrupt play.
  5. (transitive) To cause to move or act with unusual haste.
    Don't rush your client or he may withdraw.
  6. (intransitive, military) To make a swift or sudden attack.
  7. (military) To swiftly attack without warning.
  8. (video games, slang, transitive) To attack (an opponent) with a large swarm of units.
    Synonym: zerg
  9. (transitive) To transport or carry quickly.
    The shuttle rushes passengers from the station to the airport.
  10. (transitive or intransitive, croquet) To roquet an object ball to a particular location on the lawn.
  11. (transitive or intransitive, university slang) To attempt to join a fraternity or sorority, often involving a hazing or initiation process.
  12. (US, slang, dated) To recite (a lesson) or pass (an examination) without an error.
  13. (intransitive, music) To play at a faster tempo than one is supposed to or than the other musicians one is playing with, or to inadvertently gradually increase tempo while one is playing.
    Antonym: drag
Synonyms
  • See also Thesaurus:rush (hurry)
Derived terms
  • downrush
  • rushing
Translations
football: to dribble rapidly — See also translations at dribble
video games: to attack with a large swarm of units — See also translations at zerg

Adjective

rush (not comparable)

  1. Performed with, or requiring urgency or great haste, or done under pressure.
    a rush job
Usage notes

Used only before a noun.

See also

  • rushes

Further reading

  • Juncaceae on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
  • Rush_(football) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

References

  1. Dybo, Vladimir (2002), “Balto-Slavic Accentology and Winter's Law”, in Studia Linguarum (in English), volume 3, Moscow, page 482 of 295–515

Anagrams

  • Hurs, RHUs, Suhr

French

Noun

rush m (plural rushs)

  1. rush (in sport)
  2. (cinematography) rushes
  3. (video games) rush
  4. (Quebec) rush (hurried state)

Further reading

  • “rush”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From English rush.

Noun

rush n (definite singular rushet, indefinite plural rush, definite plural rusha or rushene)

  1. a rush (Etymology 2)

Derived terms

  • gullrush
  • rushtid

References

  • “rush” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
  • “rush” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From English rush.

Noun

rush n (definite singular rushet, indefinite plural rush, definite plural rusha)

  1. a rush (Etymology 2)

Derived terms

  • gullrush
  • rushtid

References

  • “rush” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
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